diff --git a/src/agents/model-auth-availability.ts b/src/agents/model-auth-availability.ts
index d1773f890158..f37de0accd30 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-auth-availability.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-auth-availability.ts
@@ -15,15 +15,12 @@ import type {
 } from "../plugin-sdk/provider-model-types.js";
 import type { PluginMetadataSnapshot } from "../plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.types.js";
 import { isValidSecretRef } from "../secrets/ref-contract.js";
-import {
-  isConfiguredAwsSdkAuthProfileForProvider,
-  getRuntimeAuthProfileStoreSnapshot,
-  resolveAuthProfileEligibility,
-} from "./auth-profiles.js";
 import { hasUsableOAuthCredential } from "./auth-profiles/credential-state.js";
 import { resolveExternalCliAuthProfiles } from "./auth-profiles/external-cli-sync.js";
 import {
   type AuthProfileOrderResolution,
+  isConfiguredAwsSdkAuthProfileForProvider,
+  resolveAuthProfileEligibility,
   resolveAuthProfileOrderWithMetadata,
 } from "./auth-profiles/order.js";
 import {
@@ -31,6 +28,7 @@ import {
   resolveSecretRefReadOnlyAvailability,
   resolveStoredCredentialReadOnlyAvailability,
 } from "./auth-profiles/read-only-availability.js";
+import { getRuntimeAuthProfileStoreSnapshot } from "./auth-profiles/runtime-snapshots.js";
 import type { AuthProfileCredential, AuthProfileStore } from "./auth-profiles/types.js";
 import { isProfileInCooldown } from "./auth-profiles/usage-state.js";
 import {
@@ -40,12 +38,12 @@ import {
 import { resolveProviderEnvAuthEvidence } from "./model-auth-env.js";
 import { isKnownEnvApiKeyMarker, isSecretRefHeaderValueMarker } from "./model-auth-markers.js";
 import {
-  hasUsableCustomProviderApiKey,
-  hasRuntimeAvailableProviderAuth,
   hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig,
+  hasUsableCustomProviderApiKey,
   resolveProviderEntryApiKeyProfileReference,
   shouldPreferExplicitConfigApiKeyAuth,
-} from "./model-auth.js";
+} from "./model-auth-provider-config.js";
+import { resolveManagedSecretRefRuntimeProviderAuth } from "./model-auth-runtime-config.js";
 import { splitTrailingAuthProfile } from "./model-ref-profile.js";
 import {
   createOpenAIModelRoutesResolver,
@@ -538,14 +536,8 @@ export function createModelAuthAvailabilityResolver(
       const managed = typeof apiKey === "string" && isSecretRefHeaderValueMarker(apiKey);
       return {
         availability: managed
-          ? hasRuntimeAvailableProviderAuth({
-              provider,
-              modelApi: target.api ?? undefined,
-              cfg: params.cfg,
-              workspaceDir: params.workspaceDir,
-              env,
-              allowPluginSyntheticAuth: false,
-            }) || undefined
+          ? Boolean(resolveManagedSecretRefRuntimeProviderAuth({ provider, cfg: params.cfg })) ||
+            undefined
           : undefined,
         selectedAuthMode: configuredBearerMode,
         evidence: managed ? "runtime" : "synthetic",
@@ -560,14 +552,9 @@ export function createModelAuthAvailabilityResolver(
         };
       }
       const available = resolveSecretRefReadOnlyAvailability(apiKeyRef, params.cfg, env);
-      const runtimeAvailable = hasRuntimeAvailableProviderAuth({
-        provider,
-        modelApi: target.api ?? undefined,
-        cfg: params.cfg,
-        workspaceDir: params.workspaceDir,
-        env,
-        allowPluginSyntheticAuth: false,
-      });
+      const runtimeAvailable = Boolean(
+        resolveManagedSecretRefRuntimeProviderAuth({ provider, cfg: params.cfg }),
+      );
       return {
         availability: runtimeAvailable ? true : available,
         selectedAuthMode: configuredBearerMode,
diff --git a/src/agents/model-auth-provider-config.ts b/src/agents/model-auth-provider-config.ts
index 23a9c831f967..821cb61a3468 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-auth-provider-config.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-auth-provider-config.ts
@@ -17,12 +17,10 @@ import { SecretSurfaceUnavailableError } from "../secrets/runtime-degraded-state
 import { mintSecretSentinel } from "../secrets/sentinel.js";
 import { normalizeOptionalSecretInput } from "../utils/normalize-secret-input.js";
 import {
-  type AuthProfileCredential,
-  type AuthProfileStore,
   isConfiguredAwsSdkAuthProfileForProvider,
   isStoredCredentialCompatibleWithAuthProvider,
-  resolveApiKeyForProfile,
-} from "./auth-profiles.js";
+} from "./auth-profiles/order.js";
+import type { AuthProfileCredential, AuthProfileStore } from "./auth-profiles/types.js";
 import { resolveEnvApiKey, type EnvApiKeyResult } from "./model-auth-env.js";
 import {
   CUSTOM_LOCAL_AUTH_MARKER,
@@ -223,6 +221,35 @@ export function shouldPreferExplicitConfigApiKeyAuth(
   );
 }
 
+/** True when a custom local provider can use a synthetic no-auth placeholder. */
+export function hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig(params: {
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined;
+  provider: string;
+}): boolean {
+  const providerConfig = resolveProviderConfig(params.cfg, params.provider);
+  if (!providerConfig) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const hasApiConfig =
+    Boolean(providerConfig.api?.trim()) ||
+    Boolean(providerConfig.baseUrl?.trim()) ||
+    (Array.isArray(providerConfig.models) && providerConfig.models.length > 0);
+  if (!hasApiConfig) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const authOverride = resolveProviderAuthOverride(params.cfg, params.provider);
+  if (authOverride && authOverride !== "api-key") {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (
+    !isCustomLocalProviderConfig(providerConfig) ||
+    hasExplicitProviderApiKeyConfig(providerConfig)
+  ) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return Boolean(providerConfig.baseUrl && isLocalAuthProviderBaseUrl(providerConfig.baseUrl));
+}
+
 export function resolveProviderAuthOverride(
   cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined,
   provider: string,
@@ -435,6 +462,7 @@ export async function resolveProviderEntryApiKeyBinding(params: {
     return reference;
   }
   try {
+    const { resolveApiKeyForProfile } = await import("./auth-profiles/oauth.js");
     const resolved = await resolveApiKeyForProfile({
       cfg: params.cfg,
       store: params.store,
diff --git a/src/agents/model-auth-provider.ts b/src/agents/model-auth-provider.ts
index a77ddd599f31..bbb1519f8a44 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-auth-provider.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-auth-provider.ts
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ import { OAuthRefreshFailureError } from "./auth-profiles/oauth-refresh-failure.
 import { isNonSecretApiKeyMarker } from "./model-auth-markers.js";
 import { assertAuthModeAllowedForModel, isAuthModeAllowedForModel } from "./model-auth-openai.js";
 import * as authConfig from "./model-auth-provider-config.js";
-import { ProviderAuthError, type ResolvedProviderAuth } from "./model-auth-runtime-shared.js";
 import {
   assertRuntimeProviderSecretOwnerAvailable,
   resolveManagedSecretRefRuntimeProviderAuth,
-  resolveSyntheticLocalProviderAuth,
-} from "./model-auth-runtime.js";
+} from "./model-auth-runtime-config.js";
+import { ProviderAuthError, type ResolvedProviderAuth } from "./model-auth-runtime-shared.js";
+import { resolveSyntheticLocalProviderAuth } from "./model-auth-runtime.js";
 
 export type ProviderCredentialPrecedence = "profile-first" | "env-first";
 
diff --git a/src/agents/model-auth-runtime-config.ts b/src/agents/model-auth-runtime-config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f6f1daa55c87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/agents/model-auth-runtime-config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/**
+ * Runtime-config-backed provider auth that does not require plugin activation.
+ */
+import { normalizeProviderId } from "@openclaw/model-catalog-core/provider-id";
+import {
+  getRuntimeConfigSnapshot,
+  getRuntimeConfigSourceSnapshot,
+  selectApplicableRuntimeConfig,
+} from "../config/config.js";
+import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/types.openclaw.js";
+import {
+  findActiveDegradedSecretOwner,
+  SecretSurfaceUnavailableError,
+} from "../secrets/runtime-degraded-state.js";
+import { mintSecretSentinel } from "../secrets/sentinel.js";
+import * as authConfig from "./model-auth-provider-config.js";
+import type { ResolvedProviderAuth } from "./model-auth-runtime-shared.js";
+
+/** Reads a runtime-resolved credential for a SecretRef-backed provider entry. */
+export function resolveManagedSecretRefRuntimeProviderAuth(params: {
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined;
+  provider: string;
+  secretSentinels?: boolean;
+}): ResolvedProviderAuth | undefined {
+  const runtimeConfig = getRuntimeConfigSnapshot();
+  const runtimeSourceConfig = getRuntimeConfigSourceSnapshot();
+  if (params.cfg && params.cfg !== runtimeConfig && !runtimeSourceConfig) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const applicableConfig = selectApplicableRuntimeConfig({
+    inputConfig: params.cfg,
+    runtimeConfig,
+    runtimeSourceConfig,
+  });
+  const usesRuntimeProvider =
+    applicableConfig === runtimeConfig ||
+    authConfig.providerConfigMatchesRuntimeSnapshot({
+      inputConfig: params.cfg,
+      runtimeConfig,
+      provider: params.provider,
+    });
+  const sourceConfig = usesRuntimeProvider ? (runtimeSourceConfig ?? undefined) : params.cfg;
+  if (!authConfig.hasSecretRefProviderApiKey(sourceConfig, params.provider)) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  if (!runtimeConfig || !usesRuntimeProvider) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const resolved = authConfig.resolveLiteralProviderConfigApiKeyAuth({
+    cfg: runtimeConfig,
+    provider: params.provider,
+  });
+  if (!resolved?.apiKey) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  return {
+    ...resolved,
+    apiKey: params.secretSentinels
+      ? mintSecretSentinel(resolved.apiKey, {
+          label: `model-auth:${params.provider}`,
+        })
+      : resolved.apiKey,
+  };
+}
+
+export function assertRuntimeProviderSecretOwnerAvailable(params: {
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined;
+  provider: string;
+}): void {
+  const provider = normalizeProviderId(params.provider);
+  const degraded = findActiveDegradedSecretOwner("provider", provider);
+  if (!degraded) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const runtimeConfig = getRuntimeConfigSnapshot();
+  const runtimeSourceConfig = getRuntimeConfigSourceSnapshot();
+  const usesRuntimeProvider =
+    !params.cfg ||
+    params.cfg === runtimeConfig ||
+    params.cfg === runtimeSourceConfig ||
+    authConfig.providerConfigMatchesRuntimeSnapshot({
+      inputConfig: params.cfg,
+      runtimeConfig,
+      provider,
+    });
+  if (usesRuntimeProvider) {
+    throw new SecretSurfaceUnavailableError(degraded);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/agents/model-auth-runtime.ts b/src/agents/model-auth-runtime.ts
index 167ea07bf200..7f5a7a91f5a7 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-auth-runtime.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-auth-runtime.ts
@@ -3,26 +3,24 @@
  */
 import { normalizeProviderId } from "@openclaw/model-catalog-core/provider-id";
 import { normalizeUniqueStringEntries } from "@openclaw/normalization-core/string-normalization";
-import {
-  getRuntimeConfigSnapshot,
-  getRuntimeConfigSourceSnapshot,
-  selectApplicableRuntimeConfig,
-} from "../config/config.js";
+import { getRuntimeConfigSnapshot } from "../config/config.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/types.openclaw.js";
 import { resolveProviderSyntheticAuthWithPlugin } from "../plugins/provider-runtime.js";
 import { resolveRuntimeSyntheticAuthProviderRefState } from "../plugins/synthetic-auth.runtime.js";
-import {
-  findActiveDegradedSecretOwner,
-  SecretSurfaceUnavailableError,
-} from "../secrets/runtime-degraded-state.js";
 import { mintSecretSentinel } from "../secrets/sentinel.js";
 import { resolveProviderEnvAuthLookupMaps } from "./model-auth-env-vars.js";
 import { resolveEnvApiKey, type EnvApiKeyLookupOptions } from "./model-auth-env.js";
 import { CUSTOM_LOCAL_AUTH_MARKER, isNonSecretApiKeyMarker } from "./model-auth-markers.js";
 import { isAuthModeAllowedForModel } from "./model-auth-openai.js";
 import * as authConfig from "./model-auth-provider-config.js";
+import { resolveManagedSecretRefRuntimeProviderAuth } from "./model-auth-runtime-config.js";
 import type { ResolvedProviderAuth } from "./model-auth-runtime-shared.js";
 
+export {
+  assertRuntimeProviderSecretOwnerAvailable,
+  resolveManagedSecretRefRuntimeProviderAuth,
+} from "./model-auth-runtime-config.js";
+
 /** Precomputed provider-auth lookup tables reused during one runtime turn. */
 export type RuntimeProviderAuthLookup = {
   envApiKey: Pick<
@@ -103,111 +101,6 @@ function resolveRuntimeEnvApiKeyLookupOptions(params: {
   };
 }
 
-/** Reads a literal or env-secret marker for a custom provider entry. */
-export function resolveManagedSecretRefRuntimeProviderAuth(params: {
-  cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined;
-  provider: string;
-  secretSentinels?: boolean;
-}): ResolvedProviderAuth | undefined {
-  const runtimeConfig = getRuntimeConfigSnapshot();
-  const runtimeSourceConfig = getRuntimeConfigSourceSnapshot();
-  if (params.cfg && params.cfg !== runtimeConfig && !runtimeSourceConfig) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  const applicableConfig = selectApplicableRuntimeConfig({
-    inputConfig: params.cfg,
-    runtimeConfig,
-    runtimeSourceConfig,
-  });
-  const usesRuntimeProvider =
-    applicableConfig === runtimeConfig ||
-    authConfig.providerConfigMatchesRuntimeSnapshot({
-      inputConfig: params.cfg,
-      runtimeConfig,
-      provider: params.provider,
-    });
-  const sourceConfig = usesRuntimeProvider ? (runtimeSourceConfig ?? undefined) : params.cfg;
-  if (!authConfig.hasSecretRefProviderApiKey(sourceConfig, params.provider)) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  if (!runtimeConfig || !usesRuntimeProvider) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  const resolved = authConfig.resolveLiteralProviderConfigApiKeyAuth({
-    cfg: runtimeConfig,
-    provider: params.provider,
-  });
-  if (!resolved?.apiKey) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  return {
-    ...resolved,
-    apiKey: params.secretSentinels
-      ? mintSecretSentinel(resolved.apiKey, {
-          label: `model-auth:${params.provider}`,
-        })
-      : resolved.apiKey,
-  };
-}
-
-export function assertRuntimeProviderSecretOwnerAvailable(params: {
-  cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined;
-  provider: string;
-}): void {
-  const provider = normalizeProviderId(params.provider);
-  const degraded = findActiveDegradedSecretOwner("provider", provider);
-  if (!degraded) {
-    return;
-  }
-  const runtimeConfig = getRuntimeConfigSnapshot();
-  const runtimeSourceConfig = getRuntimeConfigSourceSnapshot();
-  const usesRuntimeProvider =
-    !params.cfg ||
-    params.cfg === runtimeConfig ||
-    params.cfg === runtimeSourceConfig ||
-    authConfig.providerConfigMatchesRuntimeSnapshot({
-      inputConfig: params.cfg,
-      runtimeConfig,
-      provider,
-    });
-  if (usesRuntimeProvider) {
-    throw new SecretSurfaceUnavailableError(degraded);
-  }
-}
-
-/** True when a custom local provider can use a synthetic no-auth placeholder. */
-export function hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig(params: {
-  cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined;
-  provider: string;
-}): boolean {
-  const providerConfig = authConfig.resolveProviderConfig(params.cfg, params.provider);
-  if (!providerConfig) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const hasApiConfig =
-    Boolean(providerConfig.api?.trim()) ||
-    Boolean(providerConfig.baseUrl?.trim()) ||
-    (Array.isArray(providerConfig.models) && providerConfig.models.length > 0);
-  if (!hasApiConfig) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const authOverride = authConfig.resolveProviderAuthOverride(params.cfg, params.provider);
-  if (authOverride && authOverride !== "api-key") {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (!authConfig.isCustomLocalProviderConfig(providerConfig)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (authConfig.hasExplicitProviderApiKeyConfig(providerConfig)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return Boolean(
-    providerConfig.baseUrl && authConfig.isLocalAuthProviderBaseUrl(providerConfig.baseUrl),
-  );
-}
-
 function listProviderSyntheticAuthRefs(params: {
   cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined;
   provider: string;
@@ -288,7 +181,7 @@ export function hasRuntimeAvailableProviderAuth(params: {
   if (resolveManagedSecretRefRuntimeProviderAuth({ cfg: params.cfg, provider })) {
     return true;
   }
-  if (hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig({ cfg: params.cfg, provider })) {
+  if (authConfig.hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig({ cfg: params.cfg, provider })) {
     return true;
   }
   if (
@@ -398,7 +291,7 @@ export function resolveSyntheticLocalProviderAuth(params: {
   // Custom providers pointing at a local server (e.g. llama.cpp, vLLM, LocalAI)
   // typically don't require auth. Synthesize a local key so the auth resolver
   // doesn't reject them when the user left the API key blank during setup.
-  if (hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig(params)) {
+  if (authConfig.hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig(params)) {
     return {
       apiKey: CUSTOM_LOCAL_AUTH_MARKER,
       source: `models.providers.${params.provider} (synthetic local key)`,
diff --git a/src/agents/model-auth.ts b/src/agents/model-auth.ts
index eda5d0c96a67..7f5248c6b32d 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-auth.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-auth.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ export type { ModelAuthMode } from "./model-auth-model.js";
 export {
   canUseProfileAsProviderEntryApiKey,
   getCustomProviderApiKey,
+  hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig,
   hasUsableCustomProviderApiKey,
   resolveProviderEntryApiKeyBinding,
   resolveProviderEntryApiKeyProfileReference,
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ export type { ProviderCredentialPrecedence } from "./model-auth-provider.js";
 export {
   createRuntimeProviderAuthLookup,
   hasRuntimeAvailableProviderAuth,
-  hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig,
 } from "./model-auth-runtime.js";
 export type { RuntimeProviderAuthLookup } from "./model-auth-runtime.js";
 export {
diff --git a/src/cli/command-secret-gateway.ts b/src/cli/command-secret-gateway.ts
index 7cb1db4ec993..b71f0da97f17 100644
--- a/src/cli/command-secret-gateway.ts
+++ b/src/cli/command-secret-gateway.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import {
   type SupportedGatewaySecretInputPath,
 } from "../gateway/secret-input-paths.js";
 import { formatErrorMessage } from "../infra/errors.js";
-import { resolveManifestContractOwnerPluginId } from "../plugins/plugin-registry.js";
+import { resolveManifestContractOwnerPluginId } from "../plugins/plugin-registry-contributions.js";
 import {
   analyzeCommandSecretAssignmentsFromSnapshot,
   type UnresolvedCommandSecretAssignment,
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.auth-index.test.ts b/src/commands/models/list.auth-index.test.ts
index 392d7b2615be..787cebc5b0af 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.auth-index.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.auth-index.test.ts
@@ -7,41 +7,32 @@ import { createModelListAuthIndex } from "./list.auth-index.js";
 type ExternalCliProfilesResolver =
   typeof import("../../agents/auth-profiles/external-cli-sync.js").resolveExternalCliAuthProfiles;
 
-type PluginSnapshotResult = {
-  source: "persisted" | "provided" | "derived";
-  snapshot: {
-    plugins: Array<{ enabled?: boolean; syntheticAuthRefs?: string[] }>;
-  };
-  diagnostics: [];
-};
-
-const pluginRegistryMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
-  loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata: vi.fn(
-    (): PluginSnapshotResult => ({
-      source: "persisted",
-      snapshot: { plugins: [] },
-      diagnostics: [],
-    }),
-  ),
-}));
 const externalCliMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   resolveExternalCliAuthProfiles: vi.fn<ExternalCliProfilesResolver>(() => []),
 }));
 
-vi.mock("../../plugins/plugin-registry.js", async (importOriginal) => {
-  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("../../plugins/plugin-registry.js")>();
-  return {
-    ...actual,
-    loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata:
-      pluginRegistryMocks.loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata,
-  };
-});
-
 vi.mock("../../agents/auth-profiles/external-cli-sync.js", () => ({
   resolveExternalCliAuthProfiles: externalCliMocks.resolveExternalCliAuthProfiles,
 }));
 
 const emptyStore: AuthProfileStore = { version: 1, profiles: {} };
+const emptyMetadataSnapshot = {
+  registrySource: "persisted",
+  registryDiagnostics: [],
+  plugins: [],
+  index: { plugins: [] },
+} as unknown as PluginMetadataSnapshot;
+
+function createTestModelListAuthIndex(
+  params: Omit<Parameters<typeof createModelListAuthIndex>[0], "metadataSnapshot"> & {
+    metadataSnapshot?: PluginMetadataSnapshot;
+  },
+) {
+  return createModelListAuthIndex({
+    metadataSnapshot: emptyMetadataSnapshot,
+    ...params,
+  });
+}
 
 const dualRouteResolverFactory = (() => () => ({
   kind: "routes",
@@ -68,16 +59,10 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     externalCliMocks.resolveExternalCliAuthProfiles.mockReset();
     externalCliMocks.resolveExternalCliAuthProfiles.mockReturnValue([]);
-    pluginRegistryMocks.loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata.mockReset();
-    pluginRegistryMocks.loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata.mockReturnValue({
-      source: "persisted",
-      snapshot: { plugins: [] },
-      diagnostics: [],
-    });
   });
 
   it("keeps a fresh auth scope empty", () => {
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: emptyStore,
       env: {},
@@ -88,7 +73,7 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
   });
 
   it("scopes provider discovery to concrete API-key evidence", () => {
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: emptyStore,
       env: { ANTHROPIC_API_KEY: "test-key" },
@@ -111,7 +96,7 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
         },
       },
     ]);
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: emptyStore,
       env: {},
@@ -123,7 +108,7 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
   });
 
   it("scopes provider discovery to stored credential profiles", () => {
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: {
         version: 1,
@@ -143,7 +128,7 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
   });
 
   it("scopes provider discovery to configured auth profiles", () => {
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {
         auth: {
           profiles: {
@@ -163,7 +148,7 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
   });
 
   it("forwards route-aware evaluation through the command adapter", () => {
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: {
         version: 1,
@@ -188,21 +173,23 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
     expect(index.providerDiscoveryProviderIds).toEqual(["openai"]);
   });
 
-  it("uses enabled synthetic refs from a persisted plugin snapshot", () => {
-    pluginRegistryMocks.loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata.mockReturnValue({
-      source: "persisted",
-      snapshot: {
+  it("uses enabled synthetic refs from prepared persisted metadata", () => {
+    const metadataSnapshot = {
+      registrySource: "persisted",
+      registryDiagnostics: [],
+      plugins: [],
+      index: {
         plugins: [
           { enabled: true, syntheticAuthRefs: ["codex"] },
           { enabled: false, syntheticAuthRefs: ["disabled-provider"] },
         ],
       },
-      diagnostics: [],
-    });
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    } as unknown as PluginMetadataSnapshot;
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: emptyStore,
       env: {},
+      metadataSnapshot,
       routeResolverFactory: dualRouteResolverFactory,
     });
 
@@ -227,7 +214,7 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
         ],
       },
     } as unknown as PluginMetadataSnapshot;
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: emptyStore,
       env: {},
@@ -240,7 +227,6 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
       evidence: "synthetic",
     });
     expect(index.evaluateModelAuth("disabled-provider").availability).toBeUndefined();
-    expect(pluginRegistryMocks.loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("maps synthetic auth refs to their configured plugin catalog providers", () => {
@@ -262,7 +248,7 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
         ],
       },
     } as unknown as PluginMetadataSnapshot;
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: emptyStore,
       env: {},
@@ -277,17 +263,19 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
   it.each(["derived" as const, "persisted" as const])(
     "does not trust unusable synthetic refs from a %s snapshot",
     (source) => {
-      pluginRegistryMocks.loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata.mockReturnValue({
-        source,
-        snapshot: {
+      const metadataSnapshot = {
+        registrySource: source,
+        registryDiagnostics: [],
+        plugins: [],
+        index: {
           plugins: [{ enabled: source === "derived", syntheticAuthRefs: ["codex"] }],
         },
-        diagnostics: [],
-      });
-      const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+      } as unknown as PluginMetadataSnapshot;
+      const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
         cfg: {},
         authStore: emptyStore,
         env: {},
+        metadataSnapshot,
         routeResolverFactory: dualRouteResolverFactory,
       });
 
@@ -302,7 +290,7 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
       registrySource: "persisted",
       plugins: [],
     } as unknown as PluginMetadataSnapshot;
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: emptyStore,
       env: {},
@@ -312,7 +300,6 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
     });
 
     expect(index.evaluateModelAuth("openai").evidence).toBe("synthetic");
-    expect(pluginRegistryMocks.loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("fails closed before loading refs from a diagnostic-bearing metadata snapshot", () => {
@@ -321,7 +308,7 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
       plugins: [{ enabled: true, syntheticAuthRefs: ["codex"] }],
       registryDiagnostics: [{ level: "error", message: "invalid plugin metadata" }],
     } as unknown as PluginMetadataSnapshot;
-    const index = createModelListAuthIndex({
+    const index = createTestModelListAuthIndex({
       cfg: {},
       authStore: emptyStore,
       env: {},
@@ -330,6 +317,5 @@ describe("createModelListAuthIndex", () => {
     });
 
     expect(index.evaluateModelAuth("openai").availability).toBe(false);
-    expect(pluginRegistryMocks.loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.auth-index.ts b/src/commands/models/list.auth-index.ts
index 7b4330a2d75d..2638e3c417dc 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.auth-index.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.auth-index.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import {
 import type { createOpenAIModelRoutesResolver } from "../../agents/openai-model-routes.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../../config/types.openclaw.js";
 import type { PluginMetadataSnapshot } from "../../plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.types.js";
-import { loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata } from "../../plugins/plugin-registry.js";
 
 export type ModelListAuthRef = ModelAuthAvailabilityRef;
 export type ModelListAuthEvaluation = ModelAuthAvailabilityEvaluation;
@@ -25,41 +24,22 @@ type CreateModelListAuthIndexParams = {
   workspaceDir?: string;
   env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
   syntheticAuthProviderRefs?: readonly string[];
-  metadataSnapshot?: PluginMetadataSnapshot;
+  metadataSnapshot: PluginMetadataSnapshot;
   externalCliProviderIds?: readonly string[];
   routeResolverFactory?: typeof createOpenAIModelRoutesResolver;
 };
 
 function listValidatedSyntheticAuthProviderRefs(params: {
-  cfg: OpenClawConfig;
-  workspaceDir?: string;
-  env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
-  metadataSnapshot?: PluginMetadataSnapshot;
+  metadataSnapshot: PluginMetadataSnapshot;
 }): readonly string[] {
-  if (params.metadataSnapshot) {
-    if (
-      params.metadataSnapshot.registryDiagnostics.length > 0 ||
-      (params.metadataSnapshot.registrySource !== "persisted" &&
-        params.metadataSnapshot.registrySource !== "provided")
-    ) {
-      return [];
-    }
-    return params.metadataSnapshot.index.plugins
-      .filter((plugin) => plugin.enabled)
-      .flatMap((plugin) => plugin.syntheticAuthRefs ?? []);
-  }
-  const result = loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata({
-    config: params.cfg,
-    workspaceDir: params.workspaceDir,
-    env: params.env,
-  });
   if (
-    result.diagnostics.length > 0 ||
-    (result.source !== "persisted" && result.source !== "provided")
+    params.metadataSnapshot.registryDiagnostics.length > 0 ||
+    (params.metadataSnapshot.registrySource !== "persisted" &&
+      params.metadataSnapshot.registrySource !== "provided")
   ) {
     return [];
   }
-  return result.snapshot.plugins
+  return params.metadataSnapshot.index.plugins
     .filter((plugin) => plugin.enabled)
     .flatMap((plugin) => plugin.syntheticAuthRefs ?? []);
 }
@@ -81,9 +61,6 @@ export function createModelListAuthIndex(
     syntheticAuthProviderRefs:
       params.syntheticAuthProviderRefs ??
       listValidatedSyntheticAuthProviderRefs({
-        cfg: params.cfg,
-        workspaceDir: params.workspaceDir,
-        env,
         metadataSnapshot: params.metadataSnapshot,
       }),
   });
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.list-command.ts b/src/commands/models/list.list-command.ts
index 430afa756cd3..86107b31df1e 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.list-command.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.list-command.ts
@@ -120,12 +120,21 @@ export async function modelsListCommand(
   // The default configured view remains lazy; full and filtered views share
   // the registry and the same committed model generation as the Gateway.
   const includePreparedCatalog = Boolean(opts.all || providerFilter);
-  const providerDiscoveryProviderIds =
-    opts.all && !providerFilter
-      ? undefined
-      : providerFilter
-        ? [providerFilter]
-        : authIndex.providerDiscoveryProviderIds;
+  const providerDiscoveryProviderIds = (() => {
+    if (opts.all && !providerFilter) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    if (providerFilter) {
+      return [providerFilter];
+    }
+    return [
+      ...new Set([
+        ...(authIndex.providerDiscoveryProviderIds ?? []),
+        ...entries.map((entry) => entry.ref.provider),
+        ...Object.keys(cfg.models?.providers ?? {}),
+      ]),
+    ].toSorted((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right));
+  })();
   const loadRegistryState = async (optsLocal?: {
     normalizeModels?: boolean;
     loadAvailability?: boolean;
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.manifest-catalog.ts b/src/commands/models/list.manifest-catalog.ts
index d1a5a448e098..32c9718af6d2 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.manifest-catalog.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.manifest-catalog.ts
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ import type { ManifestModelCatalogRowSelection } from "../../model-catalog/manif
 import { loadManifestMetadataSnapshot } from "../../plugins/manifest-contract-eligibility.js";
 import type { PluginManifestRegistry } from "../../plugins/manifest-registry.js";
 import type { PluginMetadataSnapshot } from "../../plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.types.js";
+import { resolvePluginContributionOwners } from "../../plugins/plugin-registry-contributions.js";
 import {
   getPluginRecord,
   isPluginEnabled,
-  resolvePluginContributionOwners,
   type PluginRegistrySnapshot,
-} from "../../plugins/plugin-registry.js";
+} from "../../plugins/plugin-registry-snapshot.js";
 
 function planManifestCatalogRowsForPluginIds(params: {
   cfg: OpenClawConfig;
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.persisted-catalog.test.ts b/src/commands/models/list.persisted-catalog.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cdf5bf2f8349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.persisted-catalog.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  loadPersistedPluginModelCatalogsReadOnly: vi.fn(),
+  isGeneratedPluginModelCatalog: vi.fn(
+    (value: unknown) =>
+      typeof value === "object" &&
+      value !== null &&
+      (value as { generatedBy?: unknown }).generatedBy === "openclaw-plugin-model-catalog-v1",
+  ),
+  filterGeneratedPluginModelCatalogProviders: vi.fn(
+    ({ providers }: { providers: Record<string, unknown> }) => providers,
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../../agents/plugin-model-catalog.js", () => ({
+  loadPersistedPluginModelCatalogsReadOnly: mocks.loadPersistedPluginModelCatalogsReadOnly,
+  isGeneratedPluginModelCatalog: mocks.isGeneratedPluginModelCatalog,
+  filterGeneratedPluginModelCatalogProviders: mocks.filterGeneratedPluginModelCatalogProviders,
+}));
+
+import { loadPersistedListCatalogEntries } from "./list.persisted-catalog.js";
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+});
+
+describe("loadPersistedListCatalogEntries", () => {
+  it("projects valid generated provider rows with provider transport defaults", () => {
+    mocks.loadPersistedPluginModelCatalogsReadOnly.mockReturnValueOnce([
+      {
+        pluginId: "openai",
+        contents: JSON.stringify({
+          generatedBy: "openclaw-plugin-model-catalog-v1",
+          providers: {
+            openai: {
+              api: "openai-chatgpt-responses",
+              baseUrl: "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex",
+              models: [
+                {
+                  id: "gpt-5.6",
+                  name: "GPT-5.6",
+                  input: ["text", "image", "invalid"],
+                  reasoning: true,
+                  contextWindow: 400_000,
+                },
+              ],
+            },
+          },
+        }),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    expect(
+      loadPersistedListCatalogEntries({
+        agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
+        providerIds: new Set(["openai"]),
+      }),
+    ).toEqual([
+      {
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: "gpt-5.6",
+        name: "GPT-5.6",
+        api: "openai-chatgpt-responses",
+        baseUrl: "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex",
+        input: ["text", "image"],
+        reasoning: true,
+        contextWindow: 400_000,
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("skips malformed, unscoped, and transportless rows", () => {
+    mocks.loadPersistedPluginModelCatalogsReadOnly.mockReturnValueOnce([
+      { pluginId: "bad-json", contents: "{" },
+      {
+        pluginId: "catalog",
+        contents: JSON.stringify({
+          generatedBy: "openclaw-plugin-model-catalog-v1",
+          providers: {
+            openai: { models: [{ id: "missing-api" }] },
+            google: {
+              api: "google-generative-ai",
+              models: [{ id: "gemini-live" }],
+            },
+          },
+        }),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    expect(
+      loadPersistedListCatalogEntries({
+        agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
+        providerIds: new Set(["openai"]),
+      }),
+    ).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.persisted-catalog.ts b/src/commands/models/list.persisted-catalog.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a6a1a6428994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.persisted-catalog.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/** Reads persisted generated catalogs without constructing a model registry. */
+import { normalizeProviderId } from "@openclaw/model-catalog-core/provider-id";
+import { isRecord } from "@openclaw/normalization-core/record-coerce";
+import type { ModelCatalogEntry, ModelInputType } from "../../agents/model-catalog.types.js";
+import {
+  filterGeneratedPluginModelCatalogProviders,
+  isGeneratedPluginModelCatalog,
+  loadPersistedPluginModelCatalogsReadOnly,
+} from "../../agents/plugin-model-catalog.js";
+import { MODEL_APIS, type ModelApi } from "../../config/types.models.js";
+import type { PluginMetadataSnapshot } from "../../plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.types.js";
+
+const modelApis = new Set<string>(MODEL_APIS);
+const modelInputs = new Set<ModelInputType>(["text", "image", "audio", "video", "document"]);
+
+function readString(value: unknown): string | undefined {
+  return typeof value === "string" && value.trim() ? value.trim() : undefined;
+}
+
+function readPositiveNumber(value: unknown): number | undefined {
+  return typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value) && value > 0 ? value : undefined;
+}
+
+function readModelApi(value: unknown): ModelApi | undefined {
+  const api = readString(value);
+  return api && modelApis.has(api) ? (api as ModelApi) : undefined;
+}
+
+function readModelInput(value: unknown): ModelInputType[] | undefined {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const input = value.filter(
+    (item): item is ModelInputType =>
+      typeof item === "string" && modelInputs.has(item as ModelInputType),
+  );
+  return input.length > 0 ? input : undefined;
+}
+
+function parseProviderModels(params: {
+  providerId: string;
+  provider: unknown;
+}): ModelCatalogEntry[] {
+  if (!isRecord(params.provider) || !Array.isArray(params.provider.models)) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const providerApi = readModelApi(params.provider.api);
+  const providerBaseUrl = readString(params.provider.baseUrl);
+  return params.provider.models.flatMap((model) => {
+    if (!isRecord(model)) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    const id = readString(model.id);
+    const api = readModelApi(model.api) ?? providerApi;
+    if (!id || !api) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    const baseUrl = readString(model.baseUrl) ?? providerBaseUrl;
+    const input = readModelInput(model.input);
+    const contextWindow = readPositiveNumber(model.contextWindow);
+    const contextTokens = readPositiveNumber(model.contextTokens);
+    return [
+      {
+        id,
+        name: readString(model.name) ?? id,
+        provider: normalizeProviderId(params.providerId),
+        api,
+        ...(baseUrl ? { baseUrl } : {}),
+        ...(contextWindow !== undefined ? { contextWindow } : {}),
+        ...(contextTokens !== undefined ? { contextTokens } : {}),
+        ...(typeof model.reasoning === "boolean" ? { reasoning: model.reasoning } : {}),
+        ...(input ? { input } : {}),
+      },
+    ];
+  });
+}
+
+/** Loads valid provider-owned rows from the agent's generated catalog cache. */
+export function loadPersistedListCatalogEntries(params: {
+  agentDir: string;
+  providerIds: ReadonlySet<string>;
+  metadataSnapshot?: PluginMetadataSnapshot;
+}): ModelCatalogEntry[] {
+  const entries: ModelCatalogEntry[] = [];
+  for (const catalog of loadPersistedPluginModelCatalogsReadOnly(params.agentDir)) {
+    let parsed: unknown;
+    try {
+      parsed = JSON.parse(catalog.contents) as unknown;
+    } catch {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (
+      !isRecord(parsed) ||
+      !isGeneratedPluginModelCatalog(parsed) ||
+      !isRecord(parsed.providers)
+    ) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const providers = filterGeneratedPluginModelCatalogProviders({
+      catalogPluginId: catalog.pluginId,
+      parsedCatalog: parsed,
+      pluginMetadataSnapshot: params.metadataSnapshot,
+      providers: parsed.providers,
+    });
+    for (const [providerId, provider] of Object.entries(providers)) {
+      if (!params.providerIds.has(normalizeProviderId(providerId))) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      entries.push(...parseProviderModels({ providerId, provider }));
+    }
+  }
+  return entries;
+}
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.rows.test.ts b/src/commands/models/list.rows.test.ts
index 7cc575f9853e..1e2e23cb97c4 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.rows.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.rows.test.ts
@@ -268,7 +268,12 @@ describe("appendPreparedModelCatalogRows", () => {
     expect(requireOnlyRow(rows).key).toBe("anthropic/claude-opus-4-7");
     expect(mocks.loadScopedModelCatalogSnapshot).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith({
       cfg: {},
+      agentId: "worker",
+      agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-worker",
+      inheritedAuthDir: "/tmp/openclaw-default",
+      workspaceDir: "/tmp/openclaw-workspace",
       providerIds: ["anthropic"],
+      configuredKeys: [],
     });
     expect(mocks.loadModelCatalogSnapshot).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
@@ -939,7 +944,11 @@ describe("appendAuthenticatedCatalogRows", () => {
     });
     expect(mocks.loadScopedModelCatalogSnapshot).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       cfg: {},
+      agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
+      inheritedAuthDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
+      workspaceDir: "/tmp/openclaw-workspace",
       providerIds: ["local-openai"],
+      configuredKeys: [],
     });
   });
 
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.rows.ts b/src/commands/models/list.rows.ts
index 193c2b5c7ed9..b031d8165ff9 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.rows.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.rows.ts
@@ -474,7 +474,12 @@ export async function loadListModelCatalogSnapshot(
     const { loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot } = await loadScopedModelCatalogModule();
     return loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot({
       cfg: context.cfg,
+      ...(context.agentId ? { agentId: context.agentId } : {}),
+      agentDir: context.agentDir,
+      inheritedAuthDir: context.inheritedAuthDir ?? context.agentDir,
+      ...(workspaceDir ? { workspaceDir } : {}),
       providerIds: context.providerDiscoveryProviderIds,
+      configuredKeys: [...context.configuredByKey.keys()],
       ...(context.metadataSnapshot ? { metadataSnapshot: context.metadataSnapshot } : {}),
     });
   }
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.scoped-catalog.test.ts b/src/commands/models/list.scoped-catalog.test.ts
index 0c0afec51325..c4c3138f9f20 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.scoped-catalog.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.scoped-catalog.test.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   loadManifestCatalogRowsForList: vi.fn(),
   loadStaticManifestCatalogRowsForList: vi.fn(),
+  loadPersistedListCatalogEntries: vi.fn(),
+  prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
 vi.mock("./list.manifest-catalog.js", () => ({
@@ -10,6 +12,14 @@ vi.mock("./list.manifest-catalog.js", () => ({
   loadStaticManifestCatalogRowsForList: mocks.loadStaticManifestCatalogRowsForList,
 }));
 
+vi.mock("./list.persisted-catalog.js", () => ({
+  loadPersistedListCatalogEntries: mocks.loadPersistedListCatalogEntries,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../../agents/prepared-model-runtime.scoped-catalog.js", () => ({
+  prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog: mocks.prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog,
+}));
+
 import { loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot } from "./list.scoped-catalog.js";
 
 const runtimeRow = {
@@ -43,23 +53,39 @@ beforeEach(() => {
   vi.clearAllMocks();
   mocks.loadManifestCatalogRowsForList.mockReturnValue([runtimeRow, staticRow]);
   mocks.loadStaticManifestCatalogRowsForList.mockReturnValue([staticRow]);
+  mocks.loadPersistedListCatalogEntries.mockReturnValue([]);
+  mocks.prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog.mockResolvedValue({
+    entries: [],
+    routeVariants: [],
+  });
 });
 
 describe("loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot", () => {
-  it("returns an empty snapshot without loading manifest catalogs for an empty auth scope", () => {
-    expect(loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot({ cfg: {}, providerIds: [] })).toEqual({
+  it("returns an empty snapshot without loading catalog sources for an empty scope", async () => {
+    await expect(
+      loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot({
+        cfg: {},
+        agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
+        providerIds: [],
+        configuredKeys: [],
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({
       entries: [],
       routeVariants: [],
       staticEntries: [],
     });
     expect(mocks.loadManifestCatalogRowsForList).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(mocks.loadStaticManifestCatalogRowsForList).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(mocks.loadPersistedListCatalogEntries).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(mocks.prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it("admits runtime manifest rows only for authenticated providers", () => {
-    const snapshot = loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot({
+  it("uses runtime manifest rows to enrich configured model ids", async () => {
+    const snapshot = await loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot({
       cfg: {},
+      agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
       providerIds: ["openai"],
+      configuredKeys: ["openai/gpt-5.6"],
     });
 
     expect(snapshot.entries).toEqual([
@@ -72,17 +98,95 @@ describe("loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot", () => {
     ]);
     expect(snapshot.routeVariants).toEqual(snapshot.entries);
     expect(snapshot.staticEntries).toEqual([]);
+    expect(mocks.prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it("keeps static rows in the scoped snapshot", () => {
-    const snapshot = loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot({
+  it("keeps static rows in the scoped snapshot", async () => {
+    const snapshot = await loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot({
       cfg: {},
+      agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
       providerIds: ["moonshot"],
+      configuredKeys: [],
     });
 
     expect(snapshot.entries).toEqual([
       expect.objectContaining({ provider: "moonshot", id: "kimi-k2.6" }),
     ]);
     expect(snapshot.staticEntries).toEqual(snapshot.entries);
+    expect(mocks.prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("uses persisted runtime rows and manifest metadata without loading provider runtimes", async () => {
+    mocks.loadPersistedListCatalogEntries.mockReturnValueOnce([
+      {
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: "gpt-5.6",
+        name: "Account GPT-5.6",
+        api: "openai-chatgpt-responses",
+        baseUrl: "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex",
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const snapshot = await loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot({
+      cfg: {},
+      agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
+      providerIds: ["openai"],
+      configuredKeys: [],
+    });
+
+    expect(snapshot.entries).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: "gpt-5.6",
+        name: "Account GPT-5.6",
+        api: "openai-chatgpt-responses",
+        contextWindow: 1_050_000,
+      }),
+    ]);
+    expect(snapshot.routeVariants).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({ api: "openai-chatgpt-responses" }),
+        expect.objectContaining({ api: "openai-responses" }),
+      ]),
+    );
+    expect(mocks.prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to scoped provider discovery only for providers with no lightweight rows", async () => {
+    const discovered = {
+      provider: "google",
+      id: "gemini-live",
+      name: "Gemini Live",
+      api: "google-generative-ai" as const,
+    };
+    mocks.loadManifestCatalogRowsForList.mockReturnValueOnce([]);
+    mocks.loadStaticManifestCatalogRowsForList.mockReturnValueOnce([]);
+    mocks.prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      entries: [discovered],
+      routeVariants: [discovered],
+    });
+
+    const snapshot = await loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot({
+      cfg: {},
+      agentId: "main",
+      agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
+      inheritedAuthDir: "/tmp/openclaw-default",
+      workspaceDir: "/tmp/openclaw-workspace",
+      providerIds: ["google"],
+      configuredKeys: [],
+    });
+
+    expect(snapshot.entries).toEqual([discovered]);
+    expect(mocks.prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      {
+        config: {},
+        agentId: "main",
+        agentDir: "/tmp/openclaw-agent",
+        inheritedAuthDir: "/tmp/openclaw-default",
+        workspaceDir: "/tmp/openclaw-workspace",
+        readOnly: true,
+      },
+      ["google"],
+    );
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.scoped-catalog.ts b/src/commands/models/list.scoped-catalog.ts
index 7751363cc606..d937f67ee520 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.scoped-catalog.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.scoped-catalog.ts
@@ -2,13 +2,26 @@ import type { NormalizedModelCatalogRow } from "@openclaw/model-catalog-core/mod
 /** Dependency-light model catalog snapshots for default model-list views. */
 import { normalizeProviderId } from "@openclaw/model-catalog-core/provider-id";
 import type { ModelCatalogEntry, ModelCatalogSnapshot } from "../../agents/model-catalog.types.js";
+import { modelKey } from "../../agents/model-ref-shared.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../../config/types.openclaw.js";
 import type { PluginMetadataSnapshot } from "../../plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.types.js";
+import { createLazyImportLoader } from "../../shared/lazy-promise.js";
 import {
   loadManifestCatalogRowsForList,
   loadStaticManifestCatalogRowsForList,
 } from "./list.manifest-catalog.js";
 
+type PersistedCatalogModule = typeof import("./list.persisted-catalog.js");
+type PreparedScopedCatalogModule =
+  typeof import("../../agents/prepared-model-runtime.scoped-catalog.js");
+
+const persistedCatalogModuleLoader = createLazyImportLoader<PersistedCatalogModule>(
+  () => import("./list.persisted-catalog.js"),
+);
+const preparedScopedCatalogModuleLoader = createLazyImportLoader<PreparedScopedCatalogModule>(
+  () => import("../../agents/prepared-model-runtime.scoped-catalog.js"),
+);
+
 function toCatalogEntry(row: NormalizedModelCatalogRow): ModelCatalogEntry {
   return {
     id: row.id,
@@ -36,12 +49,85 @@ function selectProviderRows(
   return rows.filter((row) => providerIds.has(normalizeProviderId(row.provider)));
 }
 
+function entryKey(entry: Pick<ModelCatalogEntry, "provider" | "id">): string {
+  return modelKey(normalizeProviderId(entry.provider), entry.id.trim().toLowerCase());
+}
+
+function routeKey(entry: ModelCatalogEntry): string {
+  return `${entryKey(entry)}\0${entry.api ?? ""}\0${entry.baseUrl ?? ""}`;
+}
+
+function enrichPersistedEntry(
+  entry: ModelCatalogEntry,
+  manifestEntry: ModelCatalogEntry | undefined,
+): ModelCatalogEntry {
+  if (!manifestEntry) {
+    return entry;
+  }
+  return {
+    ...manifestEntry,
+    ...entry,
+    name: entry.name || manifestEntry.name,
+    ...(entry.contextWindow === undefined && manifestEntry.contextWindow !== undefined
+      ? { contextWindow: manifestEntry.contextWindow }
+      : {}),
+    ...(entry.contextTokens === undefined && manifestEntry.contextTokens !== undefined
+      ? { contextTokens: manifestEntry.contextTokens }
+      : {}),
+    ...(entry.reasoning === undefined && manifestEntry.reasoning !== undefined
+      ? { reasoning: manifestEntry.reasoning }
+      : {}),
+    ...(entry.input === undefined && manifestEntry.input !== undefined
+      ? { input: manifestEntry.input }
+      : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+function mergeSnapshotEntries(snapshots: readonly ModelCatalogSnapshot[]): ModelCatalogSnapshot {
+  const entries = new Map<string, ModelCatalogEntry>();
+  const staticEntries = new Map<string, ModelCatalogEntry>();
+  const routeVariants = new Map<string, ModelCatalogEntry>();
+  for (const snapshot of snapshots) {
+    for (const entry of snapshot.entries) {
+      entries.set(entryKey(entry), entry);
+    }
+    for (const entry of snapshot.staticEntries ?? []) {
+      staticEntries.set(entryKey(entry), entry);
+    }
+    for (const entry of snapshot.routeVariants) {
+      routeVariants.set(routeKey(entry), entry);
+    }
+  }
+  return {
+    entries: [...entries.values()].toSorted(
+      (left, right) =>
+        left.provider.localeCompare(right.provider) || left.id.localeCompare(right.id),
+    ),
+    routeVariants: [...routeVariants.values()].toSorted(
+      (left, right) =>
+        left.provider.localeCompare(right.provider) ||
+        left.id.localeCompare(right.id) ||
+        (left.api ?? "").localeCompare(right.api ?? "") ||
+        (left.baseUrl ?? "").localeCompare(right.baseUrl ?? ""),
+    ),
+    staticEntries: [...staticEntries.values()].toSorted(
+      (left, right) =>
+        left.provider.localeCompare(right.provider) || left.id.localeCompare(right.id),
+    ),
+  };
+}
+
 /** Builds an auth-scoped snapshot from manifest metadata already loaded by the command. */
-export function loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot(params: {
+export async function loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot(params: {
   cfg: OpenClawConfig;
+  agentId?: string;
+  agentDir: string;
+  inheritedAuthDir?: string;
+  workspaceDir?: string;
   providerIds: readonly string[];
+  configuredKeys: readonly string[];
   metadataSnapshot?: PluginMetadataSnapshot;
-}): ModelCatalogSnapshot {
+}): Promise<ModelCatalogSnapshot> {
   const providerIds = new Set(params.providerIds.map(normalizeProviderId).filter(Boolean));
   if (providerIds.size === 0) {
     return { entries: [], routeVariants: [], staticEntries: [] };
@@ -50,16 +136,61 @@ export function loadScopedListModelCatalogSnapshot(params: {
     cfg: params.cfg,
     ...(params.metadataSnapshot ? { metadataSnapshot: params.metadataSnapshot } : {}),
   };
-  const entries = selectProviderRows(loadManifestCatalogRowsForList(loaderParams), providerIds).map(
-    toCatalogEntry,
-  );
+  const manifestEntries = selectProviderRows(
+    loadManifestCatalogRowsForList(loaderParams),
+    providerIds,
+  ).map(toCatalogEntry);
+  const manifestByKey = new Map(manifestEntries.map((entry) => [entryKey(entry), entry]));
+  const configuredKeys = new Set(params.configuredKeys.map((key) => key.trim().toLowerCase()));
   const staticEntries = selectProviderRows(
     loadStaticManifestCatalogRowsForList(loaderParams),
     providerIds,
   ).map(toCatalogEntry);
-  return {
-    entries,
-    routeVariants: [...entries],
+  const { loadPersistedListCatalogEntries } = await persistedCatalogModuleLoader.load();
+  const persistedEntries = loadPersistedListCatalogEntries({
+    agentDir: params.agentDir,
+    providerIds,
+    ...(params.metadataSnapshot ? { metadataSnapshot: params.metadataSnapshot } : {}),
+  }).map((entry) => enrichPersistedEntry(entry, manifestByKey.get(entryKey(entry))));
+  const admittedEntries = new Map<string, ModelCatalogEntry>();
+  for (const entry of [...staticEntries, ...persistedEntries]) {
+    admittedEntries.set(entryKey(entry), entry);
+  }
+  for (const entry of manifestEntries) {
+    if (configuredKeys.has(entryKey(entry)) && !admittedEntries.has(entryKey(entry))) {
+      admittedEntries.set(entryKey(entry), entry);
+    }
+  }
+  const admittedKeys = new Set(admittedEntries.keys());
+  const routeVariants = [...persistedEntries];
+  for (const entry of manifestEntries) {
+    if (admittedKeys.has(entryKey(entry))) {
+      routeVariants.push(entry);
+    }
+  }
+  const lightweightSnapshot: ModelCatalogSnapshot = {
+    entries: [...admittedEntries.values()],
+    routeVariants,
     staticEntries,
   };
+  const coveredProviders = new Set(
+    lightweightSnapshot.entries.map((entry) => normalizeProviderId(entry.provider)),
+  );
+  const uncoveredProviders = [...providerIds].filter((provider) => !coveredProviders.has(provider));
+  if (uncoveredProviders.length === 0) {
+    return mergeSnapshotEntries([lightweightSnapshot]);
+  }
+  const { prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog } = await preparedScopedCatalogModuleLoader.load();
+  const fallbackSnapshot = await prepareScopedReadOnlyModelCatalog(
+    {
+      config: params.cfg,
+      ...(params.agentId ? { agentId: params.agentId } : {}),
+      agentDir: params.agentDir,
+      inheritedAuthDir: params.inheritedAuthDir ?? params.agentDir,
+      ...(params.workspaceDir ? { workspaceDir: params.workspaceDir } : {}),
+      readOnly: true,
+    },
+    uncoveredProviders,
+  );
+  return mergeSnapshotEntries([lightweightSnapshot, fallbackSnapshot]);
 }
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/models-list-result.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/models-list-result.ts
index 34073b78273c..b409f1d3952b 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods/models-list-result.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/models-list-result.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
   type ModelAuthAvailabilityEvaluation,
   type ModelAuthAvailabilityResolver,
 } from "../../agents/model-auth-availability.js";
-import { hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig } from "../../agents/model-auth.js";
+import { hasSyntheticLocalProviderAuthConfig } from "../../agents/model-auth-provider-config.js";
 import {
   buildProviderConfigModelCatalogForBrowse,
   loadPreparedModelCatalogSnapshotForBrowse,
diff --git a/src/plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.test.ts b/src/plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.test.ts
index 9198666a0759..e55d98e0d11d 100644
--- a/src/plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.test.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.test.ts
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ const { loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata, loadPluginManifestRegistryForIns
     };
   });
 
-vi.mock("./plugin-registry.js", async (importOriginal) => {
-  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("./plugin-registry.js")>();
+vi.mock("./plugin-registry-snapshot.js", async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("./plugin-registry-snapshot.js")>();
   return {
     ...actual,
     loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata: (params: unknown) =>
diff --git a/src/plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.ts b/src/plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.ts
index 3a53048e02a8..229d733be9e5 100644
--- a/src/plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import type {
   ResolvePluginMetadataSnapshotParams,
 } from "./plugin-metadata-snapshot.types.js";
 import { createPluginRegistryIdNormalizer } from "./plugin-registry-id-normalizer.js";
-import { loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata } from "./plugin-registry.js";
+import { loadPluginRegistrySnapshotWithMetadata } from "./plugin-registry-snapshot.js";
 import { normalizePluginIdScope, serializePluginIdScope } from "./plugin-scope.js";
 
 const PLUGIN_METADATA_ENV_KEYS = [