diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d388ea86153..1f6505718f2 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- QQ Bot: make `qqbot_remind` schedule, list, and remove Gateway cron jobs
+  directly for owner-authorized senders instead of returning `cronParams` and
+  relying on a follow-up generic `cron` tool call. Fixes #70865. (#70937)
+  Thanks @GaosCode.
 - Agents/subagents: keep queued subagent announces session-only when the
   requester has no external channel target, avoiding ambiguous multi-channel
   delivery failures. Fixes #59201. Thanks @larrylhollan.
diff --git a/extensions/qqbot/skills/qqbot-remind/SKILL.md b/extensions/qqbot/skills/qqbot-remind/SKILL.md
index 751208ee56e..6c010b7d1c2 100644
--- a/extensions/qqbot/skills/qqbot-remind/SKILL.md
+++ b/extensions/qqbot/skills/qqbot-remind/SKILL.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ metadata: { "openclaw": { "emoji": "⏰", "requires": { "config": ["channels.qqb
 
 ---
 
-## 推荐流程（优先使用 `qqbot_remind` 工具）
+## 推荐流程（使用 `qqbot_remind` 工具）
 
 **第一步**：调用 `qqbot_remind` 工具，传入简单参数：
 
@@ -26,23 +26,20 @@ metadata: { "openclaw": { "emoji": "⏰", "requires": { "config": ["channels.qqb
 | `time`    | 时间（相对时间或 cron 表达式）               | `"5m"` / `"1h30m"` / `"0 8 * * *"` |
 | `jobId`   | 任务 ID（仅 remove）                         | `"xxx"`                            |
 
-**第二步**：`qqbot_remind` 会返回 `cronParams`，你必须**立即**将 `cronParams` 的值作为参数调用 `cron` 工具。
-
-**第三步**：根据 `cron` 工具的返回结果，回复用户。
+**第二步**：根据 `qqbot_remind` 的返回结果，回复用户。`qqbot_remind` 会直接创建、查询或取消 Gateway cron 任务；成功后不要再调用 `cron` 工具。
 
 ### 示例
 
 用户说："5分钟后提醒我喝水"
 
 1. 调用 `qqbot_remind`：`{ "action": "add", "content": "喝水", "time": "5m" }`
-2. 收到返回的 `cronParams` → 立即调用 `cron` 工具，参数为该 `cronParams`
-3. 回复用户：`⏰ 好的，5分钟后提醒你喝水~`
+2. 工具返回成功后，回复用户：`⏰ 好的，5分钟后提醒你喝水~`
 
 ---
 
 ## 备用方案（直接使用 `cron` 工具）
 
-> 仅当 `qqbot_remind` 工具不可用时使用以下方式。
+> 仅当 `qqbot_remind` 工具不可用但 `cron` 工具可用时使用以下方式。
 
 ### 核心规则
 
@@ -113,7 +110,6 @@ metadata: { "openclaw": { "emoji": "⏰", "requires": { "config": ["channels.qqb
 ```
 
 > 周期任务**不加** `deleteAfterRun`。群聊 `delivery.to` 格式为 `"qqbot:group:{group_openid}"`。
-> 若通过 `qqbot_remind` 工具生成 cronParams，**必须**原样传给 `cron` 工具，不要修改或省略任何字段，特别是 `delivery.accountId`。
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/extensions/qqbot/src/bridge/tools/remind.test.ts b/extensions/qqbot/src/bridge/tools/remind.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9945cb87b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extensions/qqbot/src/bridge/tools/remind.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const { callGatewayToolMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  callGatewayToolMock: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("openclaw/plugin-sdk/agent-harness-runtime", () => ({
+  callGatewayTool: callGatewayToolMock,
+}));
+
+import { createRemindTool } from "./remind.js";
+
+describe("bridge/tools/remind", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    callGatewayToolMock.mockReset();
+    callGatewayToolMock.mockResolvedValue({ ok: true });
+  });
+
+  it("marks qqbot_remind as owner-only", () => {
+    const tool = createRemindTool();
+    expect(tool.ownerOnly).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("schedules reminders directly through Gateway cron with ambient QQ delivery context", async () => {
+    callGatewayToolMock.mockResolvedValue({ id: "job-1" });
+    const tool = createRemindTool({
+      senderIsOwner: true,
+      deliveryContext: { to: "qqbot:c2c:user-openid", accountId: "bot2" },
+    });
+
+    const result = await tool.execute("tool-call-1", {
+      action: "add",
+      content: "drink water",
+      time: "5m",
+    });
+
+    expect(callGatewayToolMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "cron.add",
+      { timeoutMs: 60_000 },
+      {
+        job: expect.objectContaining({
+          sessionTarget: "isolated",
+          payload: { kind: "agentTurn", message: expect.stringContaining("drink water") },
+          delivery: {
+            mode: "announce",
+            channel: "qqbot",
+            to: "qqbot:c2c:user-openid",
+            accountId: "bot2",
+          },
+        }),
+      },
+    );
+    expect(result.details).toEqual({
+      ok: true,
+      action: "add",
+      summary: '⏰ Reminder in 5m: "drink water"',
+      cronResult: { id: "job-1" },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("routes list and remove through Gateway cron without exposing generic cron to the model", async () => {
+    const tool = createRemindTool({ senderIsOwner: true });
+
+    await tool.execute("tool-call-1", { action: "list" });
+    await tool.execute("tool-call-2", { action: "remove", jobId: "job-1" });
+
+    expect(callGatewayToolMock).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, "cron.list", { timeoutMs: 60_000 }, {});
+    expect(callGatewayToolMock).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      2,
+      "cron.remove",
+      { timeoutMs: 60_000 },
+      { jobId: "job-1" },
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("supports injected cron scheduler dependencies for engine-level tests", async () => {
+    const callCron = vi.fn(async () => ({ id: "job-1" }));
+    const tool = createRemindTool(
+      {
+        senderIsOwner: true,
+        deliveryContext: { to: "qqbot:c2c:user-openid", accountId: "bot2" },
+      },
+      { callCron },
+    );
+
+    await tool.execute("tool-call-1", {
+      action: "add",
+      content: "drink water",
+      time: "5m",
+    });
+
+    expect(callCron).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        action: "add",
+        job: expect.objectContaining({
+          delivery: expect.objectContaining({ to: "qqbot:c2c:user-openid", accountId: "bot2" }),
+        }),
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(callGatewayToolMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("does not schedule when sender ownership is missing", async () => {
+    const callCron = vi.fn(async () => ({ id: "job-1" }));
+    const tool = createRemindTool(
+      {
+        deliveryContext: { to: "qqbot:c2c:user-openid", accountId: "bot2" },
+      },
+      { callCron },
+    );
+
+    const result = await tool.execute("tool-call-1", {
+      action: "add",
+      content: "drink water",
+      time: "5m",
+    });
+
+    expect(callCron).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(callGatewayToolMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(result.details).toEqual({
+      error: "QQ reminders require an owner-authorized sender.",
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/extensions/qqbot/src/bridge/tools/remind.ts b/extensions/qqbot/src/bridge/tools/remind.ts
index 518046248c2..fafaaade76a 100644
--- a/extensions/qqbot/src/bridge/tools/remind.ts
+++ b/extensions/qqbot/src/bridge/tools/remind.ts
@@ -1,30 +1,91 @@
-import type { OpenClawPluginApi } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/core";
-import { RemindSchema, executeRemind } from "../../engine/tools/remind-logic.js";
-import type { RemindParams } from "../../engine/tools/remind-logic.js";
+import { callGatewayTool } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/agent-harness-runtime";
+import type {
+  AnyAgentTool,
+  OpenClawPluginApi,
+  OpenClawPluginToolContext,
+} from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/core";
+import { RemindSchema, executeScheduledRemind } from "../../engine/tools/remind-logic.js";
+import type { RemindCronAction, RemindParams } from "../../engine/tools/remind-logic.js";
 import { getRequestContext } from "../../engine/utils/request-context.js";
 
-export function registerRemindTool(api: OpenClawPluginApi): void {
-  api.registerTool(
-    {
-      name: "qqbot_remind",
-      label: "QQBot Reminder",
-      description:
-        "Create, list, and remove QQ reminders. " +
-        "Use simple parameters without manually building cron JSON.\n" +
-        "Create: action=add, content=message, time=schedule (to is optional, " +
-        "resolved automatically from the current conversation)\n" +
-        "List: action=list\n" +
-        "Remove: action=remove, jobId=job id from list\n" +
-        'Time examples: "5m", "1h", "0 8 * * *"',
-      parameters: RemindSchema,
-      async execute(_toolCallId, params) {
-        const ctx = getRequestContext();
-        return executeRemind(params as RemindParams, {
-          fallbackTo: ctx?.target,
-          fallbackAccountId: ctx?.accountId,
-        });
-      },
-    },
-    { name: "qqbot_remind" },
-  );
+type CronGatewayCaller = (params: RemindCronAction) => Promise<unknown>;
+
+type RemindToolDeps = {
+  callCron: CronGatewayCaller;
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
+
+function unexpectedCronParams(params: never): never {
+  throw new Error(`Unsupported reminder cron action: ${JSON.stringify(params)}`);
+}
+
+const defaultDeps: RemindToolDeps = {
+  callCron: async (params) => {
+    switch (params.action) {
+      case "list":
+        return await callGatewayTool("cron.list", { timeoutMs: DEFAULT_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT_MS }, {});
+      case "remove":
+        return await callGatewayTool(
+          "cron.remove",
+          { timeoutMs: DEFAULT_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT_MS },
+          { jobId: params.jobId },
+        );
+      case "add":
+        return await callGatewayTool(
+          "cron.add",
+          { timeoutMs: DEFAULT_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT_MS },
+          { job: params.job },
+        );
+    }
+    return unexpectedCronParams(params);
+  },
+};
+
+export function createRemindTool(
+  toolContext: OpenClawPluginToolContext = {},
+  deps: RemindToolDeps = defaultDeps,
+): AnyAgentTool {
+  return {
+    name: "qqbot_remind",
+    label: "QQBot Reminder",
+    ownerOnly: true,
+    description:
+      "Create, list, and remove QQ reminders. " +
+      "This tool schedules Gateway cron jobs directly; do not call the cron tool after it succeeds.\n" +
+      "Create: action=add, content=message, time=schedule (to is optional, " +
+      "resolved automatically from the current conversation)\n" +
+      "List: action=list\n" +
+      "Remove: action=remove, jobId=job id from list\n" +
+      'Time examples: "5m", "1h", "0 8 * * *"',
+    parameters: RemindSchema,
+    async execute(_toolCallId, params) {
+      if (toolContext.senderIsOwner !== true) {
+        return {
+          content: [
+            {
+              type: "text" as const,
+              text: JSON.stringify({
+                error: "QQ reminders require an owner-authorized sender.",
+              }),
+            },
+          ],
+          details: { error: "QQ reminders require an owner-authorized sender." },
+        };
+      }
+      const ctx = getRequestContext();
+      return await executeScheduledRemind(
+        params as RemindParams,
+        {
+          fallbackTo: ctx?.target ?? toolContext.deliveryContext?.to,
+          fallbackAccountId: ctx?.accountId ?? toolContext.deliveryContext?.accountId,
+        },
+        deps.callCron,
+      );
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export function registerRemindTool(api: OpenClawPluginApi): void {
+  api.registerTool((ctx) => createRemindTool(ctx), { name: "qqbot_remind" });
 }
diff --git a/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/tools/remind-logic.test.ts b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/tools/remind-logic.test.ts
index 6323e3d754d..da92ab0da5e 100644
--- a/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/tools/remind-logic.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/tools/remind-logic.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import {
   generateJobName,
   buildReminderPrompt,
   executeRemind,
+  executeScheduledRemind,
+  prepareRemindCronAction,
 } from "./remind-logic.js";
 
 describe("engine/tools/remind-logic", () => {
@@ -100,53 +102,57 @@ describe("engine/tools/remind-logic", () => {
   });
 
   describe("executeRemind", () => {
-    it("returns list instruction", () => {
+    it("renders internal scheduling output without exposing cronParams", () => {
       const result = executeRemind({ action: "list" });
       expect(result.details).toEqual({
-        _instruction: expect.any(String),
-        cronParams: { action: "list" },
+        _instruction: "Gateway cron action prepared for internal QQ reminder scheduling.",
+        action: "list",
+        summary: undefined,
+      });
+      expect((result.details as { _instruction: string })._instruction).not.toContain(
+        "Use the cron tool",
+      );
+      expect(result.details).not.toHaveProperty("cronParams");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("prepareRemindCronAction", () => {
+    it("returns error when removing without jobId", () => {
+      const result = prepareRemindCronAction({ action: "remove" });
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        ok: false,
+        error: "jobId is required when action=remove. Use action=list first.",
       });
     });
 
-    it("returns error when removing without jobId", () => {
-      const result = executeRemind({ action: "remove" });
-      expect((result.details as { error: string }).error).toContain("jobId");
-    });
-
     it("returns error when content is missing for add", () => {
-      const result = executeRemind({ action: "add", to: "qqbot:c2c:123", time: "5m" });
-      expect((result.details as { error: string }).error).toContain("content");
+      const result = prepareRemindCronAction({ action: "add", to: "qqbot:c2c:123", time: "5m" });
+      expect(result).toEqual({ ok: false, error: "content is required when action=add" });
     });
 
     it("returns error when delay is too short", () => {
-      const result = executeRemind({
+      const result = prepareRemindCronAction({
         action: "add",
         content: "test",
         to: "qqbot:c2c:123",
         time: "10s",
       });
-      expect((result.details as { error: string }).error).toContain("30 seconds");
+      expect(result).toEqual({ ok: false, error: "Reminder delay must be at least 30 seconds" });
     });
 
     it("builds once job with delivery envelope for relative time", () => {
-      const result = executeRemind({
+      const result = prepareRemindCronAction({
         action: "add",
         content: "test reminder",
         to: "qqbot:c2c:123",
         time: "5m",
       });
-      const details = result.details as {
-        cronParams: {
-          job: {
-            schedule: { kind: string };
-            payload: { kind: string; message: string };
-            delivery: { mode: string; channel: string; to: string; accountId: string };
-          };
-        };
-      };
-      expect(details.cronParams.job.schedule.kind).toBe("at");
-      expect(details.cronParams.job.payload.kind).toBe("agentTurn");
-      expect(details.cronParams.job.delivery).toEqual({
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.ok ? result.cronAction.action : undefined).toBe("add");
+      const job = result.ok && result.cronAction.action === "add" ? result.cronAction.job : null;
+      expect(job?.schedule.kind).toBe("at");
+      expect(job?.payload.kind).toBe("agentTurn");
+      expect(job?.delivery).toEqual({
         mode: "announce",
         channel: "qqbot",
         to: "qqbot:c2c:123",
@@ -155,51 +161,120 @@ describe("engine/tools/remind-logic", () => {
     });
 
     it("builds cron job with delivery envelope for cron expression", () => {
-      const result = executeRemind({
+      const result = prepareRemindCronAction({
         action: "add",
         content: "test reminder",
         to: "qqbot:c2c:123",
         time: "0 8 * * *",
       });
-      const details = result.details as {
-        cronParams: {
-          job: {
-            schedule: { kind: string };
-            delivery: { channel: string; to: string; accountId: string };
-          };
-        };
-      };
-      expect(details.cronParams.job.schedule.kind).toBe("cron");
-      expect(details.cronParams.job.delivery.to).toBe("qqbot:c2c:123");
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+      const job = result.ok && result.cronAction.action === "add" ? result.cronAction.job : null;
+      expect(job?.schedule.kind).toBe("cron");
+      expect(job?.delivery.to).toBe("qqbot:c2c:123");
     });
 
     it("falls back to ctx.fallbackTo when to is omitted", () => {
-      const result = executeRemind(
+      const result = prepareRemindCronAction(
         { action: "add", content: "test", time: "5m" },
         { fallbackTo: "qqbot:c2c:ctx-target", fallbackAccountId: "alt" },
       );
-      const details = result.details as {
-        cronParams: { job: { delivery: { to: string; accountId: string } } };
-      };
-      expect(details.cronParams.job.delivery.to).toBe("qqbot:c2c:ctx-target");
-      expect(details.cronParams.job.delivery.accountId).toBe("alt");
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+      const job = result.ok && result.cronAction.action === "add" ? result.cronAction.job : null;
+      expect(job?.delivery.to).toBe("qqbot:c2c:ctx-target");
+      expect(job?.delivery.accountId).toBe("alt");
     });
 
     it("prefers AI-supplied to over ctx fallback", () => {
-      const result = executeRemind(
+      const result = prepareRemindCronAction(
         { action: "add", content: "test", time: "5m", to: "qqbot:group:ai-chosen" },
         { fallbackTo: "qqbot:c2c:ctx-target", fallbackAccountId: "alt" },
       );
-      const details = result.details as {
-        cronParams: { job: { delivery: { to: string; accountId: string } } };
-      };
-      expect(details.cronParams.job.delivery.to).toBe("qqbot:group:ai-chosen");
-      expect(details.cronParams.job.delivery.accountId).toBe("alt");
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+      const job = result.ok && result.cronAction.action === "add" ? result.cronAction.job : null;
+      expect(job?.delivery.to).toBe("qqbot:group:ai-chosen");
+      expect(job?.delivery.accountId).toBe("alt");
     });
 
     it("returns error when neither AI nor ctx provides a target", () => {
-      const result = executeRemind({ action: "add", content: "test", time: "5m" });
-      expect((result.details as { error: string }).error).toMatch(/delivery target/i);
+      const result = prepareRemindCronAction({ action: "add", content: "test", time: "5m" });
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        ok: false,
+        error:
+          "Unable to determine delivery target for action=add. " +
+          "The reminder can only be scheduled from within an active conversation.",
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("executeScheduledRemind", () => {
+    it("runs cron.add directly for relative reminders", async () => {
+      const calls: unknown[] = [];
+      const result = await executeScheduledRemind(
+        { action: "add", content: "test reminder", to: "qqbot:c2c:123", time: "5m" },
+        {},
+        async (params) => {
+          calls.push(params);
+          return { id: "job-1" };
+        },
+      );
+
+      expect(calls).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(calls[0]).toMatchObject({
+        action: "add",
+        job: {
+          sessionTarget: "isolated",
+          payload: { kind: "agentTurn" },
+          delivery: {
+            mode: "announce",
+            channel: "qqbot",
+            to: "qqbot:c2c:123",
+            accountId: "default",
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      expect(result.details).toEqual({
+        ok: true,
+        action: "add",
+        summary: '⏰ Reminder in 5m: "test reminder"',
+        cronResult: { id: "job-1" },
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("runs cron list and remove through the scheduler", async () => {
+      const calls: unknown[] = [];
+      await executeScheduledRemind({ action: "list" }, {}, async (params) => {
+        calls.push(params);
+        return { jobs: [] };
+      });
+      await executeScheduledRemind({ action: "remove", jobId: "job-1" }, {}, async (params) => {
+        calls.push(params);
+        return { ok: true };
+      });
+
+      expect(calls).toEqual([{ action: "list" }, { action: "remove", jobId: "job-1" }]);
+    });
+
+    it("does not call scheduler when validation fails", async () => {
+      const result = await executeScheduledRemind({ action: "add", time: "5m" }, {}, async () => {
+        throw new Error("should not run");
+      });
+
+      expect((result.details as { error: string }).error).toContain("content");
+    });
+
+    it("returns a clear error when Gateway cron fails", async () => {
+      const result = await executeScheduledRemind(
+        { action: "remove", jobId: "job-1" },
+        {},
+        async () => {
+          throw new Error("gateway unavailable");
+        },
+      );
+
+      expect(result.details).toEqual({
+        error: "Failed to run Gateway cron action: gateway unavailable",
+        action: "remove",
+      });
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/tools/remind-logic.ts b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/tools/remind-logic.ts
index 6b57c509dd0..45fde9b2c13 100644
--- a/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/tools/remind-logic.ts
+++ b/extensions/qqbot/src/engine/tools/remind-logic.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,31 @@ export interface RemindExecuteContext {
   fallbackAccountId?: string;
 }
 
+export type RemindCronAction =
+  | { action: "list" }
+  | { action: "remove"; jobId: string }
+  | {
+      action: "add";
+      job: ReturnType<typeof buildOnceJob>["job"] | ReturnType<typeof buildCronJob>["job"];
+    };
+
+export type RemindCronScheduler = (params: RemindCronAction) => Promise<unknown>;
+
+export type RemindCronPlan =
+  | {
+      ok: true;
+      action: RemindParams["action"];
+      cronAction: RemindCronAction;
+      summary?: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      ok: false;
+      error: string;
+    };
+
+const PREPARED_CRON_PARAMS_INSTRUCTION =
+  "Gateway cron action prepared for internal QQ reminder scheduling.";
+
 /**
  * JSON Schema for AI tool parameters (used by framework registration).
  * AI Tool 参数的 JSON Schema 定义（供框架注册使用）。
@@ -161,20 +186,20 @@ export function buildOnceJob(params: RemindParams, delayMs: number, to: string,
   const content = params.content!;
   const name = params.name || generateJobName(content);
   return {
-    action: "add",
+    action: "add" as const,
     job: {
       name,
-      schedule: { kind: "at", atMs },
-      sessionTarget: "isolated",
-      wakeMode: "now",
+      schedule: { kind: "at" as const, atMs },
+      sessionTarget: "isolated" as const,
+      wakeMode: "now" as const,
       deleteAfterRun: true,
       payload: {
-        kind: "agentTurn",
+        kind: "agentTurn" as const,
         message: buildReminderPrompt(content),
       },
       delivery: {
-        mode: "announce",
-        channel: "qqbot",
+        mode: "announce" as const,
+        channel: "qqbot" as const,
         to,
         accountId,
       },
@@ -188,19 +213,19 @@ export function buildCronJob(params: RemindParams, to: string, accountId: string
   const name = params.name || generateJobName(content);
   const tz = params.timezone || "Asia/Shanghai";
   return {
-    action: "add",
+    action: "add" as const,
     job: {
       name,
-      schedule: { kind: "cron", expr: params.time!.trim(), tz },
-      sessionTarget: "isolated",
-      wakeMode: "now",
+      schedule: { kind: "cron" as const, expr: params.time!.trim(), tz },
+      sessionTarget: "isolated" as const,
+      wakeMode: "now" as const,
       payload: {
-        kind: "agentTurn",
+        kind: "agentTurn" as const,
         message: buildReminderPrompt(content),
       },
       delivery: {
-        mode: "announce",
-        channel: "qqbot",
+        mode: "announce" as const,
+        channel: "qqbot" as const,
         to,
         accountId,
       },
@@ -233,6 +258,74 @@ function json(data: unknown) {
   };
 }
 
+function formatSchedulerError(error: unknown): string {
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+}
+
+export function prepareRemindCronAction(
+  params: RemindParams,
+  ctx: RemindExecuteContext = {},
+): RemindCronPlan {
+  if (params.action === "list") {
+    return { ok: true, action: "list", cronAction: { action: "list" } };
+  }
+
+  if (params.action === "remove") {
+    if (!params.jobId) {
+      return { ok: false, error: "jobId is required when action=remove. Use action=list first." };
+    }
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      action: "remove",
+      cronAction: { action: "remove", jobId: params.jobId },
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (!params.content) {
+    return { ok: false, error: "content is required when action=add" };
+  }
+  const resolvedTo = params.to || ctx.fallbackTo;
+  if (!resolvedTo) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error:
+        "Unable to determine delivery target for action=add. " +
+        "The reminder can only be scheduled from within an active conversation.",
+    };
+  }
+  if (!params.time) {
+    return { ok: false, error: "time is required when action=add" };
+  }
+  const resolvedAccountId = ctx.fallbackAccountId || "default";
+
+  if (isCronExpression(params.time)) {
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      action: "add",
+      cronAction: buildCronJob(params, resolvedTo, resolvedAccountId),
+      summary: `⏰ Recurring reminder: "${params.content}" (${params.time}, tz=${params.timezone || "Asia/Shanghai"})`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const delayMs = parseRelativeTime(params.time);
+  if (delayMs == null) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: `Could not parse time format: ${params.time}. Use values like 5m, 1h, 1h30m, or a cron expression.`,
+    };
+  }
+  if (delayMs < 30_000) {
+    return { ok: false, error: "Reminder delay must be at least 30 seconds" };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    action: "add",
+    cronAction: buildOnceJob(params, delayMs, resolvedTo, resolvedAccountId),
+    summary: `⏰ Reminder in ${formatDelay(delayMs)}: "${params.content}"`,
+  };
+}
+
 /**
  * Execute the reminder tool logic.
  * 执行提醒工具逻辑。
@@ -246,66 +339,39 @@ function json(data: unknown) {
  * the request-scoped AsyncLocalStorage) to fill them in.
  */
 export function executeRemind(params: RemindParams, ctx: RemindExecuteContext = {}) {
-  if (params.action === "list") {
-    return json({
-      _instruction: "Use the cron tool immediately with the following parameters.",
-      cronParams: { action: "list" },
-    });
+  const plan = prepareRemindCronAction(params, ctx);
+  if (!plan.ok) {
+    return json({ error: plan.error });
   }
-
-  if (params.action === "remove") {
-    if (!params.jobId) {
-      return json({
-        error: "jobId is required when action=remove. Use action=list first.",
-      });
-    }
-    return json({
-      _instruction: "Use the cron tool immediately with the following parameters.",
-      cronParams: { action: "remove", jobId: params.jobId },
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (!params.content) {
-    return json({ error: "content is required when action=add" });
-  }
-  const resolvedTo = params.to || ctx.fallbackTo;
-  if (!resolvedTo) {
-    return json({
-      error:
-        "Unable to determine delivery target for action=add. " +
-        "The reminder can only be scheduled from within an active conversation.",
-    });
-  }
-  if (!params.time) {
-    return json({ error: "time is required when action=add" });
-  }
-  const resolvedAccountId = ctx.fallbackAccountId || "default";
-
-  if (isCronExpression(params.time)) {
-    return json({
-      _instruction:
-        "Use the cron tool immediately with the following parameters. " +
-        "Pass cronParams verbatim — do not modify or omit any field, especially delivery.accountId — then tell the user the reminder has been scheduled.",
-      cronParams: buildCronJob(params, resolvedTo, resolvedAccountId),
-      summary: `⏰ Recurring reminder: "${params.content}" (${params.time}, tz=${params.timezone || "Asia/Shanghai"})`,
-    });
-  }
-
-  const delayMs = parseRelativeTime(params.time);
-  if (delayMs == null) {
-    return json({
-      error: `Could not parse time format: ${params.time}. Use values like 5m, 1h, 1h30m, or a cron expression.`,
-    });
-  }
-  if (delayMs < 30_000) {
-    return json({ error: "Reminder delay must be at least 30 seconds" });
-  }
-
   return json({
-    _instruction:
-      "Use the cron tool immediately with the following parameters. " +
-      "Pass cronParams verbatim — do not modify or omit any field, especially delivery.accountId — then tell the user the reminder has been scheduled.",
-    cronParams: buildOnceJob(params, delayMs, resolvedTo, resolvedAccountId),
-    summary: `⏰ Reminder in ${formatDelay(delayMs)}: "${params.content}"`,
+    _instruction: PREPARED_CRON_PARAMS_INSTRUCTION,
+    action: plan.action,
+    summary: plan.summary,
   });
 }
+
+export async function executeScheduledRemind(
+  params: RemindParams,
+  ctx: RemindExecuteContext,
+  scheduler: RemindCronScheduler,
+) {
+  const plan = prepareRemindCronAction(params, ctx);
+  if (!plan.ok) {
+    return json({ error: plan.error });
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const cronResult = await scheduler(plan.cronAction);
+    return json({
+      ok: true,
+      action: plan.action,
+      summary: plan.summary,
+      cronResult,
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    return json({
+      error: `Failed to run Gateway cron action: ${formatSchedulerError(error)}`,
+      action: plan.action,
+    });
+  }
+}