diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/actions.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/actions.test.ts
index 6656d2d1f67..519fa7ffc7e 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/actions.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/actions.test.ts
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ describe("matrixMessageActions", () => {
     }
     const actions = discovery.actions;
 
-    expect(actions).toEqual([]);
+    expect(actions).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("honors the selected Matrix account during discovery", () => {
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/directory-live.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/directory-live.test.ts
index 623d0c18c6e..d44230957c6 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/directory-live.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/directory-live.test.ts
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ describe("matrix directory live", () => {
       query: "   ",
     });
 
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(resolveMatrixAuth).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(requestJsonMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ describe("matrix directory live", () => {
       query: "",
     });
 
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(resolveMatrixAuth).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(requestJsonMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/doctor.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/doctor.test.ts
index c4548a2daf8..44529c1c3c8 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/doctor.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/doctor.test.ts
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ describe("matrix doctor", () => {
       } as never,
     });
 
-    expect(result.changes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.changes).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(result.config).toEqual({
       channels: {
         matrix: {
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/exec-approvals.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/exec-approvals.test.ts
index 83476e8e2e7..28d43f2786f 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/exec-approvals.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/exec-approvals.test.ts
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ describe("matrix exec approvals", () => {
   it("ignores wildcard allowlist entries when inferring exec approvers", () => {
     const cfg = buildConfig({ enabled: true }, { dm: { allowFrom: ["*"] } });
 
-    expect(getMatrixExecApprovalApprovers({ cfg })).toEqual([]);
+    expect(getMatrixExecApprovalApprovers({ cfg })).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(isMatrixExecApprovalClientEnabled({ cfg })).toBe(false);
   });
 
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/legacy-crypto.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/legacy-crypto.test.ts
index a44bb55119e..a9907e2c63b 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/legacy-crypto.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/legacy-crypto.test.ts
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ describe("matrix legacy encrypted-state migration", () => {
 
       const detection = detectLegacyMatrixCrypto({ cfg, env: process.env });
       expect(detection.inspectorAvailable).toBe(true);
-      expect(detection.warnings).toEqual([]);
+      expect(detection.warnings).toStrictEqual([]);
       expect(detection.plans).toHaveLength(1);
 
       const result = await autoPrepareLegacyMatrixCrypto({
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ describe("matrix legacy encrypted-state migration", () => {
       });
 
       expect(result.migrated).toBe(true);
-      expect(result.warnings).toEqual([]);
+      expect(result.warnings).toStrictEqual([]);
 
       const recovery = JSON.parse(
         fs.readFileSync(path.join(rootDir, "recovery-key.json"), "utf8"),
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/legacy-state.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/legacy-state.test.ts
index ce7f110a9a2..ba612f26dd6 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/legacy-state.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/legacy-state.test.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ describe("matrix legacy state migration", () => {
 
       const result = await autoMigrateLegacyMatrixState({ cfg, env: process.env });
       expect(result.migrated).toBe(true);
-      expect(result.warnings).toEqual([]);
+      expect(result.warnings).toStrictEqual([]);
       expect(fs.existsSync(path.join(stateDir, "matrix", "bot-storage.json"))).toBe(false);
       expect(fs.existsSync(path.join(stateDir, "matrix", "crypto"))).toBe(false);
       expect(fs.existsSync(detection.targetStoragePath)).toBe(true);
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/actions/reactions.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/actions/reactions.test.ts
index 4bddda6245d..e0a89226750 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/actions/reactions.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/actions/reactions.test.ts
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ describe("matrix reaction actions", () => {
 
     const result = await listMatrixReactions("!room:example.org", "$msg", { client });
 
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("rejects blank message ids before querying Matrix relations", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/direct-management.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/direct-management.test.ts
index 4fa17052cd8..3dd40db72ce 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/direct-management.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/direct-management.test.ts
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ describe("inspectMatrixDirectRooms", () => {
     });
 
     expect(result.activeRoomId).toBeNull();
-    expect(result.discoveredStrictRoomIds).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.discoveredStrictRoomIds).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
 
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/access-state.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/access-state.test.ts
index e5cbc8d2af7..2254e8eaffe 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/access-state.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/access-state.test.ts
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ describe("resolveMatrixMonitorAccessState", () => {
       isRoom: false,
     });
 
-    expect(state.effectiveAllowFrom).toEqual([]);
+    expect(state.effectiveAllowFrom).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(state.directAllowMatch.allowed).toBe(false);
   });
 
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/config.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/config.test.ts
index 575b83f81a9..19d02b1e3d1 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/config.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/config.test.ts
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ describe("resolveMatrixMonitorConfig", () => {
       resolveTargets,
     });
 
-    expect(result.allowFrom).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.allowFrom).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(result.groupAllowFrom).toEqual(["@known:example.org"]);
     expect(result.roomsConfig).toStrictEqual({});
     expect(resolveTargets).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/index.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/index.test.ts
index a41d3c10b41..e6de2f682fb 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/index.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/monitor/index.test.ts
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ describe("monitorMatrixProvider", () => {
 
     await monitorMatrixProvider({ abortSignal: abortController.signal });
 
-    expect(hoisted.callOrder).toEqual([]);
+    expect(hoisted.callOrder).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(hoisted.resolveTextChunkLimit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(hoisted.createMatrixRoomMessageHandler).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(hoisted.setActiveMatrixClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/sdk/idb-persistence.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/sdk/idb-persistence.test.ts
index 096addda4eb..9e23619a71f 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/sdk/idb-persistence.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/sdk/idb-persistence.test.ts
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ describe("Matrix IndexedDB persistence", () => {
     expect(restored).toBe(false);
 
     const dbs = await indexedDB.databases();
-    expect(dbs).toEqual([]);
+    expect(dbs).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("returns false without warning when the snapshot does not exist yet", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/sdk/verification-manager.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/sdk/verification-manager.test.ts
index 34a1b49ac79..25a4731ae23 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/sdk/verification-manager.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/sdk/verification-manager.test.ts
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ describe("MatrixVerificationManager", () => {
     const summary = manager.trackVerificationRequest(request);
 
     expect(summary.id).toMatch(/^verification-\d+$/u);
-    expect(summary.methods).toEqual([]);
+    expect(summary.methods).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(summary.phaseName).toBe("requested");
   });
 
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/thread-bindings.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/thread-bindings.test.ts
index 835bf2de34d..8636f052e4d 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/thread-bindings.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/thread-bindings.test.ts
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ describe("matrix thread bindings", () => {
     });
 
     expect(replacementManager).not.toBe(initialManager);
-    expect(replacementManager.listBindings()).toEqual([]);
+    expect(replacementManager.listBindings()).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(
       getSessionBindingService().resolveByConversation({
         channel: "matrix",
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/migration-snapshot.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/migration-snapshot.test.ts
index 9482068d176..5b6f1048aef 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/migration-snapshot.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/migration-snapshot.test.ts
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ describe("matrix migration snapshots", () => {
       });
       expect(detection.inspectorAvailable).toBe(true);
       expect(detection.plans).toHaveLength(1);
-      expect(detection.warnings).toEqual([]);
+      expect(detection.warnings).toStrictEqual([]);
       expect(
         hasActionableMatrixMigration({
           cfg,
diff --git a/extensions/signal/src/format.chunking.test.ts b/extensions/signal/src/format.chunking.test.ts
index ef8fffc2ebe..0e04b35108c 100644
--- a/extensions/signal/src/format.chunking.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/signal/src/format.chunking.test.ts
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ describe("splitSignalFormattedText", () => {
     it("empty text returns empty array", () => {
       // Empty input produces no chunks (not an empty chunk)
       const chunks = markdownToSignalTextChunks("", 100);
-      expect(chunks).toEqual([]);
+      expect(chunks).toStrictEqual([]);
     });
 
     it("text under limit returns single chunk unchanged", () => {
diff --git a/extensions/signal/src/format.test.ts b/extensions/signal/src/format.test.ts
index 1ed5785b65c..b5350b12590 100644
--- a/extensions/signal/src/format.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/signal/src/format.test.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ describe("markdownToSignalText", () => {
     const res = markdownToSignalText("see [docs](https://example.com) and https://example.com");
 
     expect(res.text).toBe("see docs (https://example.com) and https://example.com");
-    expect(res.styles).toEqual([]);
+    expect(res.styles).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("keeps style offsets correct with multiple expanded links", () => {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ describe("markdownToSignalText", () => {
     const res = markdownToSignalText("- one\n- two");
 
     expect(res.text).toBe("• one\n• two");
-    expect(res.styles).toEqual([]);
+    expect(res.styles).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("uses UTF-16 code units for offsets", () => {
diff --git a/extensions/signal/src/message-actions.test.ts b/extensions/signal/src/message-actions.test.ts
index d643f266f89..7ff2ca4d89b 100644
--- a/extensions/signal/src/message-actions.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/signal/src/message-actions.test.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ describe("signalMessageActions", () => {
   it("lists actions based on configured accounts and reaction gates", () => {
     expect(
       signalMessageActions.describeMessageTool?.({ cfg: {} as OpenClawConfig })?.actions ?? [],
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
 
     expect(
       signalMessageActions.describeMessageTool?.({
diff --git a/extensions/signal/src/send.test.ts b/extensions/signal/src/send.test.ts
index fb4156230d2..dbd38ff5a43 100644
--- a/extensions/signal/src/send.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/signal/src/send.test.ts
@@ -106,6 +106,6 @@ describe("sendMessageSignal receipts", () => {
     });
 
     expect(result.messageId).toBe("unknown");
-    expect(result.receipt.platformMessageIds).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.receipt.platformMessageIds).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
diff --git a/extensions/slack/src/monitor/media.test.ts b/extensions/slack/src/monitor/media.test.ts
index 2afc8917da5..84ac684b2b0 100644
--- a/extensions/slack/src/monitor/media.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/slack/src/monitor/media.test.ts
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ describe("resolveSlackThreadHistory", () => {
       limit: 0,
     });
 
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(replies).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ describe("resolveSlackThreadHistory", () => {
       limit: 20,
     });
 
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(vi.mocked(logVerbose)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.stringContaining("slack thread history fetch failed"),
     );
diff --git a/extensions/whatsapp/setup-entry.test.ts b/extensions/whatsapp/setup-entry.test.ts
index 6c997e225b1..3350475d918 100644
--- a/extensions/whatsapp/setup-entry.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/whatsapp/setup-entry.test.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ describe("whatsapp setup entry", () => {
         oauthDir: "/tmp/openclaw-whatsapp-empty",
         stateDir: "/tmp/openclaw-state",
       }),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(setupEntry.loadLegacySessionSurface?.()).toEqual({
       canonicalizeLegacySessionKey: expect.any(Function),
       isLegacyGroupSessionKey: expect.any(Function),
diff --git a/extensions/whatsapp/src/auto-reply/monitor/last-route.test.ts b/extensions/whatsapp/src/auto-reply/monitor/last-route.test.ts
index 8f1e5829c8f..8c335dc4823 100644
--- a/extensions/whatsapp/src/auto-reply/monitor/last-route.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/whatsapp/src/auto-reply/monitor/last-route.test.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,6 @@ describe("trackBackgroundTask", () => {
     await waitForAsyncCallbacks();
 
     expect(backgroundTasks.size).toBe(0);
-    expect(unhandledRejections).toEqual([]);
+    expect(unhandledRejections).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
diff --git a/extensions/whatsapp/src/auto-reply/monitor/on-message.audio-preflight.test.ts b/extensions/whatsapp/src/auto-reply/monitor/on-message.audio-preflight.test.ts
index 7cc181d616b..2fbadc7b034 100644
--- a/extensions/whatsapp/src/auto-reply/monitor/on-message.audio-preflight.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/whatsapp/src/auto-reply/monitor/on-message.audio-preflight.test.ts
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ describe("createWebOnMessageHandler audio preflight", () => {
 
     await handler({ ...makeAudioMsg(), accessControlPassed: undefined });
 
-    expect(events).toEqual([]);
+    expect(events).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(transcribeFirstAudioMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(maybeSendAckReactionMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(processMessageMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
diff --git a/extensions/whatsapp/src/doctor.test.ts b/extensions/whatsapp/src/doctor.test.ts
index 10a1875308e..ef04bc19fa8 100644
--- a/extensions/whatsapp/src/doctor.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/whatsapp/src/doctor.test.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ describe("whatsapp doctor compatibility", () => {
     });
 
     expect(result.config.channels?.whatsapp).toBeUndefined();
-    expect(result.changes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.changes).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("copies legacy ack reaction into configured whatsapp channel", () => {
@@ -69,6 +69,6 @@ describe("whatsapp doctor compatibility", () => {
       direct: true,
       group: "always",
     });
-    expect(result.changes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.changes).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
diff --git a/extensions/whatsapp/src/inbound/send-api.test.ts b/extensions/whatsapp/src/inbound/send-api.test.ts
index cb7c20bdf37..00b13a96ddd 100644
--- a/extensions/whatsapp/src/inbound/send-api.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/whatsapp/src/inbound/send-api.test.ts
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ describe("createWebSendApi", () => {
       messageId: "unknown",
       providerAccepted: false,
     });
-    expect(res.receipt ? listMessageReceiptPlatformIds(res.receipt) : []).toEqual([]);
+    expect(res.receipt ? listMessageReceiptPlatformIds(res.receipt) : []).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("keeps direct-chat reactions without a participant key", async () => {
diff --git a/extensions/whatsapp/src/status-issues.test.ts b/extensions/whatsapp/src/status-issues.test.ts
index 43d76ebf508..9ff29d854d4 100644
--- a/extensions/whatsapp/src/status-issues.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/whatsapp/src/status-issues.test.ts
@@ -132,6 +132,6 @@ describe("collectWhatsAppStatusIssues", () => {
       },
     ]);
 
-    expect(issues).toEqual([]);
+    expect(issues).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });