diff --git a/src/agents/acp-spawn.ts b/src/agents/acp-spawn.ts
index 7204362066d..91eeae3436a 100644
--- a/src/agents/acp-spawn.ts
+++ b/src/agents/acp-spawn.ts
@@ -13,14 +13,9 @@ import {
 import type { AcpRuntimeSessionMode } from "../acp/runtime/types.js";
 import { DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_EVERY } from "../auto-reply/heartbeat.js";
 import {
-  getChannelPlugin,
-  getLoadedChannelPlugin,
-  normalizeChannelId,
-} from "../channels/plugins/index.js";
-import {
-  resolveBundledChannelThreadBindingDefaultPlacement,
-  resolveBundledChannelThreadBindingInboundConversation,
-} from "../channels/plugins/thread-binding-api.js";
+  resolveChannelDefaultBindingPlacement,
+  resolveInboundConversationResolution,
+} from "../channels/conversation-resolution.js";
 import {
   resolveThreadBindingIntroText,
   resolveThreadBindingThreadName,
@@ -45,8 +40,6 @@ import type { SessionEntry } from "../config/sessions/types.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/types.openclaw.js";
 import { callGateway } from "../gateway/call.js";
 import { areHeartbeatsEnabled } from "../infra/heartbeat-wake.js";
-import { resolveConversationIdFromTargets } from "../infra/outbound/conversation-id.js";
-import { normalizeConversationTargetRef } from "../infra/outbound/session-binding-normalization.js";
 import {
   getSessionBindingService,
   isSessionBindingError,
@@ -291,46 +284,6 @@ function resolvePlacementWithoutChannelPlugin(params: {
   return params.capabilities.placements.includes("child") ? "child" : "current";
 }
 
-function resolvePluginConversationRefForThreadBinding(params: {
-  channelId: string;
-  to?: string;
-  threadId?: string | number;
-  groupId?: string;
-}): { conversationId: string; parentConversationId?: string } | null {
-  const resolverParams = {
-    // Keep the live delivery target authoritative; conversationId is only a fallback hint.
-    to: params.to,
-    conversationId: params.groupId ?? params.to,
-    threadId: params.threadId,
-    isGroup: true,
-  };
-  const loadedPluginConversation = getLoadedChannelPlugin(
-    params.channelId,
-  )?.messaging?.resolveInboundConversation?.(resolverParams);
-  const bundledApiConversation =
-    loadedPluginConversation === undefined
-      ? resolveBundledChannelThreadBindingInboundConversation({
-          channelId: params.channelId,
-          ...resolverParams,
-        })
-      : undefined;
-  const resolvedConversation =
-    loadedPluginConversation ??
-    (bundledApiConversation !== undefined
-      ? bundledApiConversation
-      : getChannelPlugin(params.channelId)?.messaging?.resolveInboundConversation?.(
-          resolverParams,
-        ));
-  const conversationId = normalizeOptionalString(resolvedConversation?.conversationId);
-  if (!conversationId) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return normalizeConversationTargetRef({
-    conversationId,
-    parentConversationId: resolvedConversation?.parentConversationId,
-  });
-}
-
 function resolveSpawnMode(params: {
   requestedMode?: SpawnAcpMode;
   threadRequested: boolean;
@@ -559,38 +512,23 @@ async function persistAcpSpawnSessionFileBestEffort(params: {
 }
 
 function resolveConversationRefForThreadBinding(params: {
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig;
   channel?: string;
+  accountId?: string;
   to?: string;
   threadId?: string | number;
   groupId?: string;
 }): { conversationId: string; parentConversationId?: string } | null {
-  const channel = normalizeOptionalLowercaseString(params.channel);
-  const normalizedChannelId = channel ? normalizeChannelId(channel) : null;
-  const pluginResolvedConversation = normalizedChannelId
-    ? resolvePluginConversationRefForThreadBinding({
-        channelId: normalizedChannelId,
-        to: params.to,
-        threadId: params.threadId,
-        groupId: params.groupId,
-      })
-    : null;
-  if (pluginResolvedConversation) {
-    return pluginResolvedConversation;
-  }
-  const parentConversationId = resolveConversationIdFromTargets({
-    targets: [params.to],
-  });
-  const genericConversationId = resolveConversationIdFromTargets({
+  const resolution = resolveInboundConversationResolution({
+    cfg: params.cfg,
+    channel: params.channel,
+    accountId: params.accountId,
+    to: params.to,
     threadId: params.threadId,
-    targets: [params.to],
+    groupId: params.groupId,
+    isGroup: true,
   });
-  if (genericConversationId) {
-    return normalizeConversationTargetRef({
-      conversationId: genericConversationId,
-      parentConversationId: params.threadId != null ? parentConversationId : undefined,
-    });
-  }
-  return null;
+  return resolution?.canonical ?? null;
 }
 
 function resolveAcpSpawnChannelAccountId(params: {
@@ -669,13 +607,7 @@ function prepareAcpThreadBinding(params: {
       error: `Thread bindings are unavailable for ${policy.channel}.`,
     };
   }
-  const loadedPluginPlacement = getLoadedChannelPlugin(policy.channel)?.conversationBindings
-    ?.defaultTopLevelPlacement;
-  const bundledApiPlacement =
-    loadedPluginPlacement ?? resolveBundledChannelThreadBindingDefaultPlacement(policy.channel);
-  const pluginPlacement =
-    bundledApiPlacement ??
-    getChannelPlugin(policy.channel)?.conversationBindings?.defaultTopLevelPlacement;
+  const pluginPlacement = resolveChannelDefaultBindingPlacement(policy.channel);
   const placementToUse =
     pluginPlacement ??
     resolvePlacementWithoutChannelPlugin({
@@ -688,7 +620,9 @@ function prepareAcpThreadBinding(params: {
     };
   }
   const conversationRef = resolveConversationRefForThreadBinding({
+    cfg: params.cfg,
     channel: policy.channel,
+    accountId: policy.accountId,
     to: params.to,
     threadId: params.threadId,
     groupId: params.groupId,
@@ -1031,7 +965,9 @@ function resolveAcpSpawnBootstrapDeliveryPlan(params: {
     fallbackThreadIdRaw != null ? normalizeOptionalString(String(fallbackThreadIdRaw)) : undefined;
   const deliveryThreadId = boundThreadId ?? fallbackThreadId;
   const requesterConversationRef = resolveConversationRefForThreadBinding({
+    cfg: params.cfg,
     channel: params.requester.origin?.channel,
+    accountId: params.requester.origin?.accountId,
     threadId: fallbackThreadId,
     to: params.requester.origin?.to,
   });
diff --git a/src/channels/conversation-binding-context.ts b/src/channels/conversation-binding-context.ts
index a61f9df8019..484fd0fc413 100644
--- a/src/channels/conversation-binding-context.ts
+++ b/src/channels/conversation-binding-context.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,8 @@
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/types.openclaw.js";
-import { resolveConversationIdFromTargets } from "../infra/outbound/conversation-id.js";
-import { getActivePluginChannelRegistry } from "../plugins/runtime.js";
 import {
-  normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty,
-  normalizeOptionalLowercaseString,
-  normalizeOptionalString,
-} from "../shared/string-coerce.js";
-import { parseExplicitTargetForChannel } from "./plugins/target-parsing.js";
-import type { ChannelPlugin } from "./plugins/types.plugin.js";
-import { normalizeAnyChannelId, normalizeChannelId } from "./registry.js";
+  resolveCommandConversationResolution,
+  type ResolveCommandConversationResolutionInput,
+} from "./conversation-resolution.js";
 
 export type ConversationBindingContext = {
   channel: string;
@@ -18,241 +12,24 @@ export type ConversationBindingContext = {
   threadId?: string;
 };
 
-export type ResolveConversationBindingContextInput = {
+export type ResolveConversationBindingContextInput = ResolveCommandConversationResolutionInput & {
   cfg: OpenClawConfig;
-  channel?: string | null;
-  accountId?: string | null;
-  chatType?: string | null;
-  threadId?: string | number | null;
-  threadParentId?: string | null;
-  senderId?: string | null;
-  sessionKey?: string | null;
-  parentSessionKey?: string | null;
-  originatingTo?: string | null;
-  commandTo?: string | null;
-  fallbackTo?: string | null;
-  from?: string | null;
-  nativeChannelId?: string | null;
 };
 
-const CANONICAL_TARGET_PREFIXES = [
-  "user:",
-  "channel:",
-  "conversation:",
-  "group:",
-  "room:",
-  "dm:",
-  "spaces/",
-] as const;
-
-function getLoadedChannelPlugin(rawChannel: string): ChannelPlugin | undefined {
-  const normalized = normalizeAnyChannelId(rawChannel) ?? normalizeOptionalString(rawChannel);
-  if (!normalized) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  return getActivePluginChannelRegistry()?.channels.find((entry) => entry.plugin.id === normalized)
-    ?.plugin;
-}
-
-function shouldDefaultParentConversationToSelf(plugin?: ChannelPlugin): boolean {
-  return plugin?.bindings?.selfParentConversationByDefault === true;
-}
-
-function resolveBindingAccountId(params: {
-  rawAccountId?: string | null;
-  plugin?: ChannelPlugin;
-  cfg: OpenClawConfig;
-}): string {
-  return (
-    normalizeOptionalString(params.rawAccountId) ||
-    normalizeOptionalString(params.plugin?.config.defaultAccountId?.(params.cfg)) ||
-    "default"
-  );
-}
-
-function resolveChannelTargetId(params: {
-  channel: string;
-  target?: string | null;
-}): string | undefined {
-  const target = normalizeOptionalString(params.target);
-  if (!target) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
-  const lower = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(target);
-  const channelPrefix = `${params.channel}:`;
-  if (lower.startsWith(channelPrefix)) {
-    return resolveChannelTargetId({
-      channel: params.channel,
-      target: target.slice(channelPrefix.length),
-    });
-  }
-  if (CANONICAL_TARGET_PREFIXES.some((prefix) => lower.startsWith(prefix))) {
-    return target;
-  }
-
-  const explicitConversationId = resolveConversationIdFromTargets({
-    targets: [target],
-  });
-  if (explicitConversationId) {
-    return explicitConversationId;
-  }
-
-  const parsed = parseExplicitTargetForChannel(params.channel, target);
-  const parsedTarget = normalizeOptionalString(parsed?.to);
-  if (parsedTarget) {
-    return (
-      resolveConversationIdFromTargets({
-        targets: [parsedTarget],
-      }) ?? parsedTarget
-    );
-  }
-
-  return target;
-}
-
-function buildThreadingContext(params: {
-  fallbackTo?: string;
-  originatingTo?: string;
-  threadId?: string;
-  from?: string;
-  chatType?: string;
-  nativeChannelId?: string;
-}) {
-  const to =
-    normalizeOptionalString(params.originatingTo) ?? normalizeOptionalString(params.fallbackTo);
-  return {
-    ...(to ? { To: to } : {}),
-    ...(params.from ? { From: params.from } : {}),
-    ...(params.chatType ? { ChatType: params.chatType } : {}),
-    ...(params.threadId ? { MessageThreadId: params.threadId } : {}),
-    ...(params.nativeChannelId ? { NativeChannelId: params.nativeChannelId } : {}),
-  };
-}
-
 export function resolveConversationBindingContext(
   params: ResolveConversationBindingContextInput,
 ): ConversationBindingContext | null {
-  const channel =
-    normalizeAnyChannelId(params.channel) ??
-    normalizeChannelId(params.channel) ??
-    normalizeOptionalLowercaseString(params.channel);
-  if (!channel) {
+  const resolution = resolveCommandConversationResolution(params);
+  if (!resolution) {
     return null;
   }
-  const loadedPlugin = getLoadedChannelPlugin(channel);
-  const accountId = resolveBindingAccountId({
-    rawAccountId: params.accountId,
-    plugin: loadedPlugin,
-    cfg: params.cfg,
-  });
-  const threadId = normalizeOptionalString(
-    params.threadId != null ? String(params.threadId) : undefined,
-  );
-
-  const resolvedByProvider = loadedPlugin?.bindings?.resolveCommandConversation?.({
-    accountId,
-    threadId,
-    threadParentId: normalizeOptionalString(params.threadParentId),
-    senderId: normalizeOptionalString(params.senderId),
-    sessionKey: normalizeOptionalString(params.sessionKey),
-    parentSessionKey: normalizeOptionalString(params.parentSessionKey),
-    from: normalizeOptionalString(params.from),
-    chatType: normalizeOptionalString(params.chatType),
-    originatingTo: params.originatingTo ?? undefined,
-    commandTo: params.commandTo ?? undefined,
-    fallbackTo: params.fallbackTo ?? undefined,
-  });
-  if (resolvedByProvider?.conversationId) {
-    const providerConversationId = normalizeOptionalString(resolvedByProvider.conversationId);
-    if (!providerConversationId) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    const providerParentConversationId = normalizeOptionalString(
-      resolvedByProvider.parentConversationId,
-    );
-    const resolvedParentConversationId =
-      shouldDefaultParentConversationToSelf(loadedPlugin) &&
-      !threadId &&
-      !providerParentConversationId
-        ? providerConversationId
-        : providerParentConversationId;
-    return {
-      channel,
-      accountId,
-      conversationId: providerConversationId,
-      ...(resolvedParentConversationId
-        ? { parentConversationId: resolvedParentConversationId }
-        : {}),
-      ...(threadId ? { threadId } : {}),
-    };
-  }
-
-  const focusedBinding = loadedPlugin?.threading?.resolveFocusedBinding?.({
-    cfg: params.cfg,
-    accountId,
-    context: buildThreadingContext({
-      fallbackTo: params.fallbackTo ?? undefined,
-      originatingTo: params.originatingTo ?? undefined,
-      threadId,
-      from: normalizeOptionalString(params.from),
-      chatType: normalizeOptionalString(params.chatType),
-      nativeChannelId: normalizeOptionalString(params.nativeChannelId),
-    }),
-  });
-  if (focusedBinding?.conversationId) {
-    const focusedConversationId = normalizeOptionalString(focusedBinding.conversationId);
-    if (!focusedConversationId) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    const focusedParentConversationId = normalizeOptionalString(
-      focusedBinding.parentConversationId,
-    );
-    return {
-      channel,
-      accountId,
-      conversationId: focusedConversationId,
-      ...(focusedParentConversationId ? { parentConversationId: focusedParentConversationId } : {}),
-      ...(threadId ? { threadId } : {}),
-    };
-  }
-
-  const baseConversationId =
-    resolveChannelTargetId({
-      channel,
-      target: params.originatingTo,
-    }) ??
-    resolveChannelTargetId({
-      channel,
-      target: params.commandTo,
-    }) ??
-    resolveChannelTargetId({
-      channel,
-      target: params.fallbackTo,
-    });
-  const parentConversationId =
-    resolveChannelTargetId({
-      channel,
-      target: params.threadParentId,
-    }) ??
-    (threadId && baseConversationId && baseConversationId !== threadId
-      ? baseConversationId
-      : undefined);
-  const conversationId = threadId || baseConversationId;
-  if (!conversationId) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const normalizedParentConversationId =
-    shouldDefaultParentConversationToSelf(loadedPlugin) && !threadId && !parentConversationId
-      ? conversationId
-      : parentConversationId;
   return {
-    channel,
-    accountId,
-    conversationId,
-    ...(normalizedParentConversationId
-      ? { parentConversationId: normalizedParentConversationId }
+    channel: resolution.canonical.channel,
+    accountId: resolution.canonical.accountId,
+    conversationId: resolution.canonical.conversationId,
+    ...(resolution.canonical.parentConversationId
+      ? { parentConversationId: resolution.canonical.parentConversationId }
       : {}),
-    ...(threadId ? { threadId } : {}),
+    ...(resolution.threadId ? { threadId: resolution.threadId } : {}),
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/channels/conversation-resolution.test.ts b/src/channels/conversation-resolution.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3a1ae48a595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/channels/conversation-resolution.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/types.openclaw.js";
+import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../plugins/runtime.js";
+import { createChannelTestPluginBase, createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import {
+  resolveChannelDefaultBindingPlacement,
+  resolveCommandConversationResolution,
+  resolveInboundConversationResolution,
+} from "./conversation-resolution.js";
+import type { ChannelPlugin } from "./plugins/types.plugin.js";
+
+const testConfig = {} as OpenClawConfig;
+
+function registerChannelPlugin(plugin: ChannelPlugin): void {
+  setActivePluginRegistry(
+    createTestRegistry([
+      {
+        pluginId: plugin.id,
+        source: "test",
+        plugin,
+      },
+    ]),
+  );
+}
+
+function createBindingProviderDefaults(): Pick<
+  NonNullable<ChannelPlugin["bindings"]>,
+  "compileConfiguredBinding" | "matchInboundConversation"
+> {
+  return {
+    compileConfiguredBinding: (_params) => null,
+    matchInboundConversation: (_params) => null,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("conversation resolution", () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    setActivePluginRegistry(createTestRegistry());
+  });
+
+  it("uses the runtime command resolver, plugin default account, and placement hint", () => {
+    registerChannelPlugin({
+      ...createChannelTestPluginBase({
+        id: "discord",
+        label: "Discord",
+        config: {
+          defaultAccountId: () => "work",
+        },
+      }),
+      conversationBindings: {
+        supportsCurrentConversationBinding: true,
+        defaultTopLevelPlacement: "child",
+      },
+      bindings: {
+        ...createBindingProviderDefaults(),
+        resolveCommandConversation: ({ originatingTo }) => {
+          const conversationId = originatingTo?.trim().replace(/^discord:/i, "");
+          return conversationId ? { conversationId } : null;
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      resolveCommandConversationResolution({
+        cfg: testConfig,
+        channel: "discord",
+        originatingTo: "discord:channel:123",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      canonical: {
+        channel: "discord",
+        accountId: "work",
+        conversationId: "channel:123",
+      },
+      placementHint: "child",
+      source: "command-provider",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("applies provider-owned self-parent defaults in one core path", () => {
+    registerChannelPlugin({
+      ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "line", label: "LINE" }),
+      bindings: {
+        ...createBindingProviderDefaults(),
+        selfParentConversationByDefault: true,
+        resolveCommandConversation: () => ({
+          conversationId: "user:U1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef",
+        }),
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      resolveCommandConversationResolution({
+        cfg: testConfig,
+        channel: "line",
+        accountId: "default",
+        originatingTo: "line:user:U1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef",
+      })?.canonical,
+    ).toEqual({
+      channel: "line",
+      accountId: "default",
+      conversationId: "user:U1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef",
+      parentConversationId: "user:U1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("falls back from command context to channel-prefixed parent plus explicit thread", () => {
+    registerChannelPlugin({
+      ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "test-chat", label: "Test chat" }),
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      resolveCommandConversationResolution({
+        cfg: testConfig,
+        channel: "test-chat",
+        accountId: "default",
+        originatingTo: "test-chat:channel:parent-room",
+        threadId: "child-thread",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      canonical: {
+        channel: "test-chat",
+        accountId: "default",
+        conversationId: "child-thread",
+        parentConversationId: "parent-room",
+      },
+      threadId: "child-thread",
+      source: "command-fallback",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("uses the runtime inbound resolver and preserves provider canonical ids", () => {
+    registerChannelPlugin({
+      ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "discord", label: "Discord" }),
+      conversationBindings: {
+        supportsCurrentConversationBinding: true,
+        defaultTopLevelPlacement: "child",
+      },
+      messaging: {
+        resolveInboundConversation: ({ conversationId, to }) => {
+          const source = (conversationId ?? to ?? "").trim();
+          const normalized = source.replace(/^discord:/i, "");
+          return normalized ? { conversationId: normalized } : null;
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      resolveInboundConversationResolution({
+        cfg: testConfig,
+        channel: "discord",
+        accountId: "default",
+        to: "discord:channel:123",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      canonical: {
+        channel: "discord",
+        accountId: "default",
+        conversationId: "channel:123",
+      },
+      placementHint: "child",
+      source: "inbound-provider",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("keeps Matrix room casing when the channel resolver returns a child thread", () => {
+    registerChannelPlugin({
+      ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "matrix", label: "Matrix" }),
+      conversationBindings: {
+        supportsCurrentConversationBinding: true,
+        defaultTopLevelPlacement: "child",
+      },
+      messaging: {
+        resolveInboundConversation: ({ threadId, to }) => {
+          const parent = to?.trim().replace(/^(?:matrix:)?(?:channel:|room:)/iu, "");
+          return threadId && parent
+            ? { conversationId: String(threadId), parentConversationId: parent }
+            : null;
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      resolveInboundConversationResolution({
+        cfg: testConfig,
+        channel: "matrix",
+        to: "room:!Room:Example.org",
+        threadId: "$thread-root",
+      })?.canonical,
+    ).toEqual({
+      channel: "matrix",
+      accountId: "default",
+      conversationId: "$thread-root",
+      parentConversationId: "!Room:Example.org",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("does not fall through when a channel explicitly rejects an inbound target", () => {
+    registerChannelPlugin({
+      ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "matrix", label: "Matrix" }),
+      messaging: {
+        resolveInboundConversation: () => null,
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      resolveInboundConversationResolution({
+        cfg: testConfig,
+        channel: "matrix",
+        to: "room:!Room:Example.org",
+      }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("falls back from inbound context to channel-prefixed parent plus explicit thread", () => {
+    registerChannelPlugin({
+      ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "test-chat", label: "Test chat" }),
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      resolveInboundConversationResolution({
+        cfg: testConfig,
+        channel: "test-chat",
+        accountId: "default",
+        to: "test-chat:channel:parent-room",
+        threadId: "child-thread",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      canonical: {
+        channel: "test-chat",
+        accountId: "default",
+        conversationId: "child-thread",
+        parentConversationId: "parent-room",
+      },
+      threadId: "child-thread",
+      source: "inbound-fallback",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("resolves placement from runtime plugin metadata", () => {
+    registerChannelPlugin({
+      ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "telegram", label: "Telegram" }),
+      conversationBindings: {
+        supportsCurrentConversationBinding: true,
+        defaultTopLevelPlacement: "current",
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(resolveChannelDefaultBindingPlacement("telegram")).toBe("current");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/channels/conversation-resolution.ts b/src/channels/conversation-resolution.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c711b69ac0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/channels/conversation-resolution.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/types.openclaw.js";
+import { resolveConversationIdFromTargets } from "../infra/outbound/conversation-id.js";
+import { normalizeConversationTargetRef } from "../infra/outbound/session-binding-normalization.js";
+import { getActivePluginChannelRegistry } from "../plugins/runtime.js";
+import {
+  normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty,
+  normalizeOptionalLowercaseString,
+  normalizeOptionalString,
+} from "../shared/string-coerce.js";
+import { getChannelPlugin, getLoadedChannelPlugin, normalizeChannelId } from "./plugins/index.js";
+import { parseExplicitTargetForChannel } from "./plugins/target-parsing.js";
+import {
+  resolveBundledChannelThreadBindingDefaultPlacement,
+  resolveBundledChannelThreadBindingInboundConversation,
+} from "./plugins/thread-binding-api.js";
+import type { ChannelCommandConversationContext } from "./plugins/types.adapters.js";
+import type { ChannelPlugin } from "./plugins/types.plugin.js";
+import { normalizeAnyChannelId } from "./registry.js";
+
+export type ConversationResolutionSource =
+  | "command-provider"
+  | "focused-binding"
+  | "command-fallback"
+  | "inbound-provider"
+  | "inbound-bundled-artifact"
+  | "inbound-bundled-plugin"
+  | "inbound-fallback";
+
+export type ConversationResolution = {
+  canonical: {
+    channel: string;
+    accountId: string;
+    conversationId: string;
+    parentConversationId?: string;
+  };
+  threadId?: string;
+  placementHint?: "current" | "child";
+  source: ConversationResolutionSource;
+};
+
+export type ResolveCommandConversationResolutionInput = {
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig;
+  channel?: string | null;
+  accountId?: string | null;
+  chatType?: string | null;
+  threadId?: string | number | null;
+  threadParentId?: string | null;
+  senderId?: string | null;
+  sessionKey?: string | null;
+  parentSessionKey?: string | null;
+  originatingTo?: string | null;
+  commandTo?: string | null;
+  fallbackTo?: string | null;
+  from?: string | null;
+  nativeChannelId?: string | null;
+};
+
+export type ResolveInboundConversationResolutionInput = {
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig;
+  channel?: string | null;
+  accountId?: string | null;
+  to?: string | null;
+  threadId?: string | number | null;
+  conversationId?: string | null;
+  groupId?: string | null;
+  from?: string | null;
+  isGroup?: boolean;
+};
+
+const CANONICAL_TARGET_PREFIXES = ["user:", "spaces/"] as const;
+
+function resolveChannelId(raw?: string | null): string | null {
+  const normalizedRaw = normalizeOptionalString(raw);
+  if (!normalizedRaw) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return (
+    normalizeAnyChannelId(normalizedRaw) ??
+    normalizeChannelId(normalizedRaw) ??
+    normalizeOptionalLowercaseString(normalizedRaw) ??
+    null
+  );
+}
+
+function getActiveRegistryChannelPlugin(rawChannel: string): ChannelPlugin | undefined {
+  const normalized = normalizeAnyChannelId(rawChannel) ?? normalizeOptionalString(rawChannel);
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  return getActivePluginChannelRegistry()?.channels.find((entry) => entry.plugin.id === normalized)
+    ?.plugin;
+}
+
+function getRuntimeChannelPluginCandidates(channel: string): ChannelPlugin[] {
+  const candidates = [
+    getActiveRegistryChannelPlugin(channel),
+    getLoadedChannelPlugin(channel),
+  ].filter((plugin): plugin is ChannelPlugin => Boolean(plugin));
+  return [...new Map(candidates.map((plugin) => [plugin.id, plugin])).values()];
+}
+
+function resolveRuntimeChannelPlugin(channel: string): ChannelPlugin | undefined {
+  return getRuntimeChannelPluginCandidates(channel)[0];
+}
+
+function shouldDefaultParentConversationToSelf(plugin?: ChannelPlugin): boolean {
+  return plugin?.bindings?.selfParentConversationByDefault === true;
+}
+
+function normalizeResolutionTarget(params: {
+  channel: string;
+  accountId: string;
+  conversation: { conversationId?: string; parentConversationId?: string } | null | undefined;
+  source: ConversationResolutionSource;
+  threadId?: string;
+  plugin?: ChannelPlugin;
+}): ConversationResolution | null {
+  const conversationId = normalizeOptionalString(params.conversation?.conversationId);
+  if (!conversationId) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const parentConversationId = normalizeOptionalString(params.conversation?.parentConversationId);
+  const defaultParentToSelf =
+    shouldDefaultParentConversationToSelf(params.plugin) &&
+    !params.threadId &&
+    !parentConversationId;
+  const normalized = normalizeConversationTargetRef({
+    conversationId,
+    parentConversationId: defaultParentToSelf ? conversationId : parentConversationId,
+  });
+  const normalizedParentConversationId = defaultParentToSelf
+    ? normalized.conversationId
+    : normalized.parentConversationId;
+  return {
+    canonical: {
+      channel: params.channel,
+      accountId: params.accountId,
+      conversationId: normalized.conversationId,
+      ...(normalizedParentConversationId
+        ? { parentConversationId: normalizedParentConversationId }
+        : {}),
+    },
+    ...(params.threadId ? { threadId: params.threadId } : {}),
+    placementHint: resolveChannelDefaultBindingPlacement(params.channel),
+    source: params.source,
+  };
+}
+
+function resolveBindingAccountId(params: {
+  rawAccountId?: string | null;
+  plugin?: ChannelPlugin;
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig;
+}): string {
+  return (
+    normalizeOptionalString(params.rawAccountId) ||
+    normalizeOptionalString(params.plugin?.config.defaultAccountId?.(params.cfg)) ||
+    "default"
+  );
+}
+
+function resolveChannelTargetId(params: {
+  channel: string;
+  target?: string | null;
+}): string | undefined {
+  const target = normalizeOptionalString(params.target);
+  if (!target) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const lower = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(target);
+  const channelPrefix = `${params.channel}:`;
+  if (lower.startsWith(channelPrefix)) {
+    return resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel: params.channel,
+      target: target.slice(channelPrefix.length),
+    });
+  }
+  if (CANONICAL_TARGET_PREFIXES.some((prefix) => lower.startsWith(prefix))) {
+    return target;
+  }
+
+  const explicitConversationId = resolveConversationIdFromTargets({
+    targets: [target],
+  });
+  if (explicitConversationId) {
+    return explicitConversationId;
+  }
+
+  const parsed = parseExplicitTargetForChannel(params.channel, target);
+  const parsedTarget = normalizeOptionalString(parsed?.to);
+  if (parsedTarget) {
+    return (
+      resolveConversationIdFromTargets({
+        targets: [parsedTarget],
+      }) ?? parsedTarget
+    );
+  }
+
+  return target;
+}
+
+function buildThreadingContext(params: {
+  fallbackTo?: string;
+  originatingTo?: string;
+  threadId?: string;
+  from?: string;
+  chatType?: string;
+  nativeChannelId?: string;
+}) {
+  const to =
+    normalizeOptionalString(params.originatingTo) ?? normalizeOptionalString(params.fallbackTo);
+  return {
+    ...(to ? { To: to } : {}),
+    ...(params.from ? { From: params.from } : {}),
+    ...(params.chatType ? { ChatType: params.chatType } : {}),
+    ...(params.threadId ? { MessageThreadId: params.threadId } : {}),
+    ...(params.nativeChannelId ? { NativeChannelId: params.nativeChannelId } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+export function resolveChannelDefaultBindingPlacement(
+  rawChannel?: string | null,
+): "current" | "child" | undefined {
+  const channel = resolveChannelId(rawChannel);
+  if (!channel) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const pluginPlacement =
+    resolveRuntimeChannelPlugin(channel)?.conversationBindings?.defaultTopLevelPlacement;
+  return (
+    pluginPlacement ??
+    resolveBundledChannelThreadBindingDefaultPlacement(channel) ??
+    getChannelPlugin(channel)?.conversationBindings?.defaultTopLevelPlacement
+  );
+}
+
+export function resolveCommandConversationResolution(
+  params: ResolveCommandConversationResolutionInput,
+): ConversationResolution | null {
+  const channel = resolveChannelId(params.channel);
+  if (!channel) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const plugin = resolveRuntimeChannelPlugin(channel);
+  const accountId = resolveBindingAccountId({
+    rawAccountId: params.accountId,
+    plugin,
+    cfg: params.cfg,
+  });
+  const threadId = normalizeOptionalString(
+    params.threadId != null ? String(params.threadId) : undefined,
+  );
+
+  const commandParams: ChannelCommandConversationContext = {
+    accountId,
+    threadId,
+    threadParentId: normalizeOptionalString(params.threadParentId),
+    senderId: normalizeOptionalString(params.senderId),
+    sessionKey: normalizeOptionalString(params.sessionKey),
+    parentSessionKey: normalizeOptionalString(params.parentSessionKey),
+    from: normalizeOptionalString(params.from),
+    chatType: normalizeOptionalString(params.chatType),
+    originatingTo: params.originatingTo ?? undefined,
+    commandTo: params.commandTo ?? undefined,
+    fallbackTo: params.fallbackTo ?? undefined,
+  };
+
+  const resolvedByProvider = plugin?.bindings?.resolveCommandConversation?.(commandParams);
+  const providerResolution = normalizeResolutionTarget({
+    channel,
+    accountId,
+    conversation: resolvedByProvider,
+    source: "command-provider",
+    threadId,
+    plugin,
+  });
+  if (providerResolution) {
+    return providerResolution;
+  }
+
+  const focusedBinding = plugin?.threading?.resolveFocusedBinding?.({
+    cfg: params.cfg,
+    accountId,
+    context: buildThreadingContext({
+      fallbackTo: params.fallbackTo ?? undefined,
+      originatingTo: params.originatingTo ?? undefined,
+      threadId,
+      from: normalizeOptionalString(params.from),
+      chatType: normalizeOptionalString(params.chatType),
+      nativeChannelId: normalizeOptionalString(params.nativeChannelId),
+    }),
+  });
+  const focusedResolution = normalizeResolutionTarget({
+    channel,
+    accountId,
+    conversation: focusedBinding,
+    source: "focused-binding",
+    threadId,
+    plugin,
+  });
+  if (focusedResolution) {
+    return focusedResolution;
+  }
+
+  const baseConversationId =
+    resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel,
+      target: params.originatingTo,
+    }) ??
+    resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel,
+      target: params.commandTo,
+    }) ??
+    resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel,
+      target: params.fallbackTo,
+    });
+  const parentConversationId =
+    resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel,
+      target: params.threadParentId,
+    }) ??
+    (threadId && baseConversationId && baseConversationId !== threadId
+      ? baseConversationId
+      : undefined);
+  const conversationId = threadId || baseConversationId;
+  if (!conversationId) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return normalizeResolutionTarget({
+    channel,
+    accountId,
+    conversation: {
+      conversationId,
+      parentConversationId,
+    },
+    source: "command-fallback",
+    threadId,
+    plugin,
+  });
+}
+
+export function resolveInboundConversationResolution(
+  params: ResolveInboundConversationResolutionInput,
+): ConversationResolution | null {
+  const channel = resolveChannelId(params.channel);
+  if (!channel) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const plugin = resolveRuntimeChannelPlugin(channel);
+  const accountId = resolveBindingAccountId({
+    rawAccountId: params.accountId,
+    plugin,
+    cfg: params.cfg,
+  });
+  const threadId = normalizeOptionalString(
+    params.threadId != null ? String(params.threadId) : undefined,
+  );
+  const resolverParams = {
+    from: normalizeOptionalString(params.from),
+    to: normalizeOptionalString(params.to),
+    conversationId:
+      normalizeOptionalString(params.conversationId) ??
+      normalizeOptionalString(params.groupId) ??
+      normalizeOptionalString(params.to),
+    threadId,
+    isGroup: params.isGroup ?? true,
+  };
+
+  const providerConversation = plugin?.messaging?.resolveInboundConversation?.(resolverParams);
+  const providerResolution = normalizeResolutionTarget({
+    channel,
+    accountId,
+    conversation: providerConversation,
+    source: "inbound-provider",
+    threadId,
+    plugin,
+  });
+  if (providerResolution || providerConversation === null) {
+    return providerResolution;
+  }
+
+  const artifactConversation = resolveBundledChannelThreadBindingInboundConversation({
+    channelId: channel,
+    ...resolverParams,
+  });
+  const artifactResolution = normalizeResolutionTarget({
+    channel,
+    accountId,
+    conversation: artifactConversation,
+    source: "inbound-bundled-artifact",
+    threadId,
+    plugin,
+  });
+  if (artifactResolution || artifactConversation === null) {
+    return artifactResolution;
+  }
+
+  const bundledPlugin = getChannelPlugin(channel);
+  const bundledConversation =
+    bundledPlugin !== plugin
+      ? bundledPlugin?.messaging?.resolveInboundConversation?.(resolverParams)
+      : undefined;
+  const bundledResolution = normalizeResolutionTarget({
+    channel,
+    accountId,
+    conversation: bundledConversation,
+    source: "inbound-bundled-plugin",
+    threadId,
+    plugin: bundledPlugin ?? plugin,
+  });
+  if (bundledResolution || bundledConversation === null) {
+    return bundledResolution;
+  }
+
+  const parentConversationId =
+    resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel,
+      target: params.to,
+    }) ??
+    resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel,
+      target: params.conversationId,
+    }) ??
+    resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel,
+      target: params.groupId,
+    });
+  const genericConversationId =
+    threadId ??
+    resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel,
+      target: params.conversationId,
+    }) ??
+    resolveChannelTargetId({
+      channel,
+      target: params.groupId,
+    }) ??
+    parentConversationId;
+  if (!genericConversationId) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return normalizeResolutionTarget({
+    channel,
+    accountId,
+    conversation: {
+      conversationId: genericConversationId,
+      parentConversationId: threadId != null ? parentConversationId : undefined,
+    },
+    source: "inbound-fallback",
+    threadId,
+    plugin,
+  });
+}