diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index dafcf5c8a67..990c44f8a7b 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -532,6 +532,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai
 ### Changes
 
 - Docs/Contributing: require before/after screenshots for UI or visual PRs in the pre-PR checklist. (#32206) Thanks @hydro13.
+- Models/OpenAI forward compat: add support for `openai/gpt-5.4`, `openai/gpt-5.4-pro`, and `openai-codex/gpt-5.4`, including direct OpenAI Responses `serviceTier` passthrough safeguards for valid values. (#36590) Thanks @dorukardahan.
 
 ### Fixes
 
diff --git a/docs/concepts/model-providers.md b/docs/concepts/model-providers.md
index 58710d88ee7..aa38fbf52c5 100644
--- a/docs/concepts/model-providers.md
+++ b/docs/concepts/model-providers.md
@@ -41,15 +41,16 @@ OpenClaw ships with the pi‑ai catalog. These providers require **no**
 - Provider: `openai`
 - Auth: `OPENAI_API_KEY`
 - Optional rotation: `OPENAI_API_KEYS`, `OPENAI_API_KEY_1`, `OPENAI_API_KEY_2`, plus `OPENCLAW_LIVE_OPENAI_KEY` (single override)
-- Example model: `openai/gpt-5.1-codex`
+- Example models: `openai/gpt-5.4`, `openai/gpt-5.4-pro`
 - CLI: `openclaw onboard --auth-choice openai-api-key`
 - Default transport is `auto` (WebSocket-first, SSE fallback)
 - Override per model via `agents.defaults.models["openai/<model>"].params.transport` (`"sse"`, `"websocket"`, or `"auto"`)
 - OpenAI Responses WebSocket warm-up defaults to enabled via `params.openaiWsWarmup` (`true`/`false`)
+- OpenAI priority processing can be enabled via `agents.defaults.models["openai/<model>"].params.serviceTier`
 
 ```json5
 {
-  agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai/gpt-5.1-codex" } } },
+  agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai/gpt-5.4" } } },
 }
 ```
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ OpenClaw ships with the pi‑ai catalog. These providers require **no**
 
 - Provider: `openai-codex`
 - Auth: OAuth (ChatGPT)
-- Example model: `openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex`
+- Example model: `openai-codex/gpt-5.4`
 - CLI: `openclaw onboard --auth-choice openai-codex` or `openclaw models auth login --provider openai-codex`
 - Default transport is `auto` (WebSocket-first, SSE fallback)
 - Override per model via `agents.defaults.models["openai-codex/<model>"].params.transport` (`"sse"`, `"websocket"`, or `"auto"`)
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ OpenClaw ships with the pi‑ai catalog. These providers require **no**
 
 ```json5
 {
-  agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex" } } },
+  agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai-codex/gpt-5.4" } } },
 }
 ```
 
diff --git a/docs/gateway/cli-backends.md b/docs/gateway/cli-backends.md
index 1c96302462a..fe3006bcd1a 100644
--- a/docs/gateway/cli-backends.md
+++ b/docs/gateway/cli-backends.md
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ openclaw agent --message "hi" --model claude-cli/opus-4.6
 Codex CLI also works out of the box:
 
 ```bash
-openclaw agent --message "hi" --model codex-cli/gpt-5.3-codex
+openclaw agent --message "hi" --model codex-cli/gpt-5.4
 ```
 
 If your gateway runs under launchd/systemd and PATH is minimal, add just the
diff --git a/docs/help/faq.md b/docs/help/faq.md
index d7737bc31a5..2ae55caf0c3 100644
--- a/docs/help/faq.md
+++ b/docs/help/faq.md
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ Yes - via pi-ai's **Amazon Bedrock (Converse)** provider with **manual config**.
 
 ### How does Codex auth work
 
-OpenClaw supports **OpenAI Code (Codex)** via OAuth (ChatGPT sign-in). The wizard can run the OAuth flow and will set the default model to `openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex` when appropriate. See [Model providers](/concepts/model-providers) and [Wizard](/start/wizard).
+OpenClaw supports **OpenAI Code (Codex)** via OAuth (ChatGPT sign-in). The wizard can run the OAuth flow and will set the default model to `openai-codex/gpt-5.4` when appropriate. See [Model providers](/concepts/model-providers) and [Wizard](/start/wizard).
 
 ### Do you support OpenAI subscription auth Codex OAuth
 
@@ -2156,8 +2156,8 @@ Use `/model status` to confirm which auth profile is active.
 
 Yes. Set one as default and switch as needed:
 
-- **Quick switch (per session):** `/model gpt-5.2` for daily tasks, `/model gpt-5.3-codex` for coding.
-- **Default + switch:** set `agents.defaults.model.primary` to `openai/gpt-5.2`, then switch to `openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex` when coding (or the other way around).
+- **Quick switch (per session):** `/model gpt-5.2` for daily tasks, `/model openai-codex/gpt-5.4` for coding with Codex OAuth.
+- **Default + switch:** set `agents.defaults.model.primary` to `openai/gpt-5.2`, then switch to `openai-codex/gpt-5.4` when coding (or the other way around).
 - **Sub-agents:** route coding tasks to sub-agents with a different default model.
 
 See [Models](/concepts/models) and [Slash commands](/tools/slash-commands).
diff --git a/docs/help/testing.md b/docs/help/testing.md
index efb889f1950..ba248dd5f88 100644
--- a/docs/help/testing.md
+++ b/docs/help/testing.md
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ OPENCLAW_LIVE_SETUP_TOKEN=1 OPENCLAW_LIVE_SETUP_TOKEN_PROFILE=anthropic:setup-to
   - Args: `["-p","--output-format","json","--permission-mode","bypassPermissions"]`
 - Overrides (optional):
   - `OPENCLAW_LIVE_CLI_BACKEND_MODEL="claude-cli/claude-opus-4-6"`
-  - `OPENCLAW_LIVE_CLI_BACKEND_MODEL="codex-cli/gpt-5.3-codex"`
+  - `OPENCLAW_LIVE_CLI_BACKEND_MODEL="codex-cli/gpt-5.4"`
   - `OPENCLAW_LIVE_CLI_BACKEND_COMMAND="/full/path/to/claude"`
   - `OPENCLAW_LIVE_CLI_BACKEND_ARGS='["-p","--output-format","json","--permission-mode","bypassPermissions"]'`
   - `OPENCLAW_LIVE_CLI_BACKEND_CLEAR_ENV='["ANTHROPIC_API_KEY","ANTHROPIC_API_KEY_OLD"]'`
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ There is no fixed “CI model list” (live is opt-in), but these are the **reco
 This is the “common models” run we expect to keep working:
 
 - OpenAI (non-Codex): `openai/gpt-5.2` (optional: `openai/gpt-5.1`)
-- OpenAI Codex: `openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex` (optional: `openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex-codex`)
+- OpenAI Codex: `openai-codex/gpt-5.4`
 - Anthropic: `anthropic/claude-opus-4-6` (or `anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-5`)
 - Google (Gemini API): `google/gemini-3-pro-preview` and `google/gemini-3-flash-preview` (avoid older Gemini 2.x models)
 - Google (Antigravity): `google-antigravity/claude-opus-4-6-thinking` and `google-antigravity/gemini-3-flash`
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ This is the “common models” run we expect to keep working:
 - MiniMax: `minimax/minimax-m2.5`
 
 Run gateway smoke with tools + image:
-`OPENCLAW_LIVE_GATEWAY_MODELS="openai/gpt-5.2,openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex,anthropic/claude-opus-4-6,google/gemini-3-pro-preview,google/gemini-3-flash-preview,google-antigravity/claude-opus-4-6-thinking,google-antigravity/gemini-3-flash,zai/glm-4.7,minimax/minimax-m2.5" pnpm test:live src/gateway/gateway-models.profiles.live.test.ts`
+`OPENCLAW_LIVE_GATEWAY_MODELS="openai/gpt-5.2,openai-codex/gpt-5.4,anthropic/claude-opus-4-6,google/gemini-3-pro-preview,google/gemini-3-flash-preview,google-antigravity/claude-opus-4-6-thinking,google-antigravity/gemini-3-flash,zai/glm-4.7,minimax/minimax-m2.5" pnpm test:live src/gateway/gateway-models.profiles.live.test.ts`
 
 ### Baseline: tool calling (Read + optional Exec)
 
diff --git a/docs/providers/openai.md b/docs/providers/openai.md
index 378381b2454..4683f061546 100644
--- a/docs/providers/openai.md
+++ b/docs/providers/openai.md
@@ -30,10 +30,13 @@ openclaw onboard --openai-api-key "$OPENAI_API_KEY"
 ```json5
 {
   env: { OPENAI_API_KEY: "sk-..." },
-  agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai/gpt-5.2" } } },
+  agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai/gpt-5.4" } } },
 }
 ```
 
+OpenAI's current API model docs list `gpt-5.4` and `gpt-5.4-pro` for direct
+OpenAI API usage. OpenClaw forwards both through the `openai/*` Responses path.
+
 ## Option B: OpenAI Code (Codex) subscription
 
 **Best for:** using ChatGPT/Codex subscription access instead of an API key.
@@ -53,10 +56,13 @@ openclaw models auth login --provider openai-codex
 
 ```json5
 {
-  agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex" } } },
+  agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai-codex/gpt-5.4" } } },
 }
 ```
 
+OpenAI's current Codex docs list `gpt-5.4` as the current Codex model. OpenClaw
+maps that to `openai-codex/gpt-5.4` for ChatGPT/Codex OAuth usage.
+
 ### Transport default
 
 OpenClaw uses `pi-ai` for model streaming. For both `openai/*` and
@@ -81,9 +87,9 @@ Related OpenAI docs:
 {
   agents: {
     defaults: {
-      model: { primary: "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex" },
+      model: { primary: "openai-codex/gpt-5.4" },
       models: {
-        "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex": {
+        "openai-codex/gpt-5.4": {
           params: {
             transport: "auto",
           },
@@ -106,7 +112,7 @@ OpenAI docs describe warm-up as optional. OpenClaw enables it by default for
   agents: {
     defaults: {
       models: {
-        "openai/gpt-5.2": {
+        "openai/gpt-5.4": {
           params: {
             openaiWsWarmup: false,
           },
@@ -124,7 +130,7 @@ OpenAI docs describe warm-up as optional. OpenClaw enables it by default for
   agents: {
     defaults: {
       models: {
-        "openai/gpt-5.2": {
+        "openai/gpt-5.4": {
           params: {
             openaiWsWarmup: true,
           },
@@ -135,6 +141,30 @@ OpenAI docs describe warm-up as optional. OpenClaw enables it by default for
 }
 ```
 
+### OpenAI priority processing
+
+OpenAI's API exposes priority processing via `service_tier=priority`. In
+OpenClaw, set `agents.defaults.models["openai/<model>"].params.serviceTier` to
+pass that field through on direct `openai/*` Responses requests.
+
+```json5
+{
+  agents: {
+    defaults: {
+      models: {
+        "openai/gpt-5.4": {
+          params: {
+            serviceTier: "priority",
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+}
+```
+
+Supported values are `auto`, `default`, `flex`, and `priority`.
+
 ### OpenAI Responses server-side compaction
 
 For direct OpenAI Responses models (`openai/*` using `api: "openai-responses"` with
@@ -157,7 +187,7 @@ Responses models (for example Azure OpenAI Responses):
   agents: {
     defaults: {
       models: {
-        "azure-openai-responses/gpt-5.2": {
+        "azure-openai-responses/gpt-5.4": {
           params: {
             responsesServerCompaction: true,
           },
@@ -175,7 +205,7 @@ Responses models (for example Azure OpenAI Responses):
   agents: {
     defaults: {
       models: {
-        "openai/gpt-5.2": {
+        "openai/gpt-5.4": {
           params: {
             responsesServerCompaction: true,
             responsesCompactThreshold: 120000,
@@ -194,7 +224,7 @@ Responses models (for example Azure OpenAI Responses):
   agents: {
     defaults: {
       models: {
-        "openai/gpt-5.2": {
+        "openai/gpt-5.4": {
           params: {
             responsesServerCompaction: false,
           },
diff --git a/docs/start/wizard-cli-reference.md b/docs/start/wizard-cli-reference.md
index df2149897a5..f9ff309be54 100644
--- a/docs/start/wizard-cli-reference.md
+++ b/docs/start/wizard-cli-reference.md
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ What you set:
   <Accordion title="OpenAI Code subscription (OAuth)">
     Browser flow; paste `code#state`.
 
-    Sets `agents.defaults.model` to `openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex` when model is unset or `openai/*`.
+    Sets `agents.defaults.model` to `openai-codex/gpt-5.4` when model is unset or `openai/*`.
 
   </Accordion>
   <Accordion title="OpenAI API key">
diff --git a/docs/tools/llm-task.md b/docs/tools/llm-task.md
index 16ae39e5e29..e6f574d078e 100644
--- a/docs/tools/llm-task.md
+++ b/docs/tools/llm-task.md
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ without writing custom OpenClaw code for each workflow.
         "enabled": true,
         "config": {
           "defaultProvider": "openai-codex",
-          "defaultModel": "gpt-5.2",
+          "defaultModel": "gpt-5.4",
           "defaultAuthProfileId": "main",
-          "allowedModels": ["openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex"],
+          "allowedModels": ["openai-codex/gpt-5.4"],
           "maxTokens": 800,
           "timeoutMs": 30000
         }
diff --git a/src/agents/live-model-filter.ts b/src/agents/live-model-filter.ts
index 398f7fdb80e..03de7d772cc 100644
--- a/src/agents/live-model-filter.ts
+++ b/src/agents/live-model-filter.ts
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ const ANTHROPIC_PREFIXES = [
   "claude-sonnet-4-5",
   "claude-haiku-4-5",
 ];
-const OPENAI_MODELS = ["gpt-5.2", "gpt-5.0"];
+const OPENAI_MODELS = ["gpt-5.4", "gpt-5.2", "gpt-5.0"];
 const CODEX_MODELS = [
+  "gpt-5.4",
   "gpt-5.2",
   "gpt-5.2-codex",
   "gpt-5.3-codex",
diff --git a/src/agents/model-auth.profiles.test.ts b/src/agents/model-auth.profiles.test.ts
index d5747bd7353..e2d9d09ab12 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-auth.profiles.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-auth.profiles.test.ts
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ describe("getApiKeyForModel", () => {
           } catch (err) {
             error = err;
           }
-          expect(String(error)).toContain("openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex");
+          expect(String(error)).toContain("openai-codex/gpt-5.4");
         },
       );
     } finally {
diff --git a/src/agents/model-auth.ts b/src/agents/model-auth.ts
index 4867ed6d3bc..734cd7b2666 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-auth.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-auth.ts
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ export async function resolveApiKeyForProvider(params: {
     const hasCodex = listProfilesForProvider(store, "openai-codex").length > 0;
     if (hasCodex) {
       throw new Error(
-        'No API key found for provider "openai". You are authenticated with OpenAI Codex OAuth. Use openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex (OAuth) or set OPENAI_API_KEY to use openai/gpt-5.1-codex.',
+        'No API key found for provider "openai". You are authenticated with OpenAI Codex OAuth. Use openai-codex/gpt-5.4 (OAuth) or set OPENAI_API_KEY to use openai/gpt-5.4.',
       );
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/agents/model-catalog.test.ts b/src/agents/model-catalog.test.ts
index b7a72585337..5eec49f49b8 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-catalog.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-catalog.test.ts
@@ -114,6 +114,59 @@ describe("loadModelCatalog", () => {
     expect(spark?.reasoning).toBe(true);
   });
 
+  it("adds gpt-5.4 forward-compat catalog entries when template models exist", async () => {
+    mockPiDiscoveryModels([
+      {
+        id: "gpt-5.2",
+        provider: "openai",
+        name: "GPT-5.2",
+        reasoning: true,
+        contextWindow: 1_050_000,
+        input: ["text", "image"],
+      },
+      {
+        id: "gpt-5.2-pro",
+        provider: "openai",
+        name: "GPT-5.2 Pro",
+        reasoning: true,
+        contextWindow: 1_050_000,
+        input: ["text", "image"],
+      },
+      {
+        id: "gpt-5.3-codex",
+        provider: "openai-codex",
+        name: "GPT-5.3 Codex",
+        reasoning: true,
+        contextWindow: 272000,
+        input: ["text", "image"],
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await loadModelCatalog({ config: {} as OpenClawConfig });
+
+    expect(result).toContainEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: "gpt-5.4",
+        name: "gpt-5.4",
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(result).toContainEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: "gpt-5.4-pro",
+        name: "gpt-5.4-pro",
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(result).toContainEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        provider: "openai-codex",
+        id: "gpt-5.4",
+        name: "gpt-5.4",
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
   it("merges configured models for opted-in non-pi-native providers", async () => {
     mockSingleOpenAiCatalogModel();
 
diff --git a/src/agents/model-catalog.ts b/src/agents/model-catalog.ts
index a910a10a9f1..06423b0604b 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-catalog.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-catalog.ts
@@ -33,33 +33,67 @@ const defaultImportPiSdk = () => import("./pi-model-discovery.js");
 let importPiSdk = defaultImportPiSdk;
 
 const CODEX_PROVIDER = "openai-codex";
+const OPENAI_PROVIDER = "openai";
+const OPENAI_GPT54_MODEL_ID = "gpt-5.4";
+const OPENAI_GPT54_PRO_MODEL_ID = "gpt-5.4-pro";
 const OPENAI_CODEX_GPT53_MODEL_ID = "gpt-5.3-codex";
 const OPENAI_CODEX_GPT53_SPARK_MODEL_ID = "gpt-5.3-codex-spark";
+const OPENAI_CODEX_GPT54_MODEL_ID = "gpt-5.4";
 const NON_PI_NATIVE_MODEL_PROVIDERS = new Set(["kilocode"]);
 
-function applyOpenAICodexSparkFallback(models: ModelCatalogEntry[]): void {
-  const hasSpark = models.some(
-    (entry) =>
-      entry.provider === CODEX_PROVIDER &&
-      entry.id.toLowerCase() === OPENAI_CODEX_GPT53_SPARK_MODEL_ID,
-  );
-  if (hasSpark) {
-    return;
-  }
+type SyntheticCatalogFallback = {
+  provider: string;
+  id: string;
+  templateIds: readonly string[];
+};
 
-  const baseModel = models.find(
-    (entry) =>
-      entry.provider === CODEX_PROVIDER && entry.id.toLowerCase() === OPENAI_CODEX_GPT53_MODEL_ID,
-  );
-  if (!baseModel) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  models.push({
-    ...baseModel,
+const SYNTHETIC_CATALOG_FALLBACKS: readonly SyntheticCatalogFallback[] = [
+  {
+    provider: OPENAI_PROVIDER,
+    id: OPENAI_GPT54_MODEL_ID,
+    templateIds: ["gpt-5.2"],
+  },
+  {
+    provider: OPENAI_PROVIDER,
+    id: OPENAI_GPT54_PRO_MODEL_ID,
+    templateIds: ["gpt-5.2-pro", "gpt-5.2"],
+  },
+  {
+    provider: CODEX_PROVIDER,
+    id: OPENAI_CODEX_GPT54_MODEL_ID,
+    templateIds: ["gpt-5.3-codex", "gpt-5.2-codex"],
+  },
+  {
+    provider: CODEX_PROVIDER,
     id: OPENAI_CODEX_GPT53_SPARK_MODEL_ID,
-    name: OPENAI_CODEX_GPT53_SPARK_MODEL_ID,
-  });
+    templateIds: [OPENAI_CODEX_GPT53_MODEL_ID],
+  },
+] as const;
+
+function applySyntheticCatalogFallbacks(models: ModelCatalogEntry[]): void {
+  const findCatalogEntry = (provider: string, id: string) =>
+    models.find(
+      (entry) =>
+        entry.provider.toLowerCase() === provider.toLowerCase() &&
+        entry.id.toLowerCase() === id.toLowerCase(),
+    );
+
+  for (const fallback of SYNTHETIC_CATALOG_FALLBACKS) {
+    if (findCatalogEntry(fallback.provider, fallback.id)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const template = fallback.templateIds
+      .map((templateId) => findCatalogEntry(fallback.provider, templateId))
+      .find((entry) => entry !== undefined);
+    if (!template) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    models.push({
+      ...template,
+      id: fallback.id,
+      name: fallback.id,
+    });
+  }
 }
 
 function normalizeConfiguredModelInput(input: unknown): ModelInputType[] | undefined {
@@ -218,7 +252,7 @@ export async function loadModelCatalog(params?: {
         models.push({ id, name, provider, contextWindow, reasoning, input });
       }
       mergeConfiguredOptInProviderModels({ config: cfg, models });
-      applyOpenAICodexSparkFallback(models);
+      applySyntheticCatalogFallbacks(models);
 
       if (models.length === 0) {
         // If we found nothing, don't cache this result so we can try again.
diff --git a/src/agents/model-compat.test.ts b/src/agents/model-compat.test.ts
index 178552368ae..2fd5df0883c 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-compat.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-compat.test.ts
@@ -37,6 +37,36 @@ function createTemplateModel(provider: string, id: string): Model<Api> {
   } as Model<Api>;
 }
 
+function createOpenAITemplateModel(id: string): Model<Api> {
+  return {
+    id,
+    name: id,
+    provider: "openai",
+    api: "openai-responses",
+    baseUrl: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+    input: ["text", "image"],
+    reasoning: true,
+    cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
+    contextWindow: 400_000,
+    maxTokens: 32_768,
+  } as Model<Api>;
+}
+
+function createOpenAICodexTemplateModel(id: string): Model<Api> {
+  return {
+    id,
+    name: id,
+    provider: "openai-codex",
+    api: "openai-codex-responses",
+    baseUrl: "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api",
+    input: ["text", "image"],
+    reasoning: true,
+    cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
+    contextWindow: 272_000,
+    maxTokens: 128_000,
+  } as Model<Api>;
+}
+
 function createRegistry(models: Record<string, Model<Api>>): ModelRegistry {
   return {
     find(provider: string, modelId: string) {
@@ -235,6 +265,12 @@ describe("normalizeModelCompat", () => {
 });
 
 describe("isModernModelRef", () => {
+  it("includes OpenAI gpt-5.4 variants in modern selection", () => {
+    expect(isModernModelRef({ provider: "openai", id: "gpt-5.4" })).toBe(true);
+    expect(isModernModelRef({ provider: "openai", id: "gpt-5.4-pro" })).toBe(true);
+    expect(isModernModelRef({ provider: "openai-codex", id: "gpt-5.4" })).toBe(true);
+  });
+
   it("excludes opencode minimax variants from modern selection", () => {
     expect(isModernModelRef({ provider: "opencode", id: "minimax-m2.5" })).toBe(false);
     expect(isModernModelRef({ provider: "opencode", id: "minimax-m2.5" })).toBe(false);
@@ -247,6 +283,57 @@ describe("isModernModelRef", () => {
 });
 
 describe("resolveForwardCompatModel", () => {
+  it("resolves openai gpt-5.4 via gpt-5.2 template", () => {
+    const registry = createRegistry({
+      "openai/gpt-5.2": createOpenAITemplateModel("gpt-5.2"),
+    });
+    const model = resolveForwardCompatModel("openai", "gpt-5.4", registry);
+    expectResolvedForwardCompat(model, { provider: "openai", id: "gpt-5.4" });
+    expect(model?.api).toBe("openai-responses");
+    expect(model?.baseUrl).toBe("https://api.openai.com/v1");
+    expect(model?.contextWindow).toBe(1_050_000);
+    expect(model?.maxTokens).toBe(128_000);
+  });
+
+  it("resolves openai gpt-5.4 without templates using normalized fallback defaults", () => {
+    const registry = createRegistry({});
+
+    const model = resolveForwardCompatModel("openai", "gpt-5.4", registry);
+
+    expectResolvedForwardCompat(model, { provider: "openai", id: "gpt-5.4" });
+    expect(model?.api).toBe("openai-responses");
+    expect(model?.baseUrl).toBe("https://api.openai.com/v1");
+    expect(model?.input).toEqual(["text", "image"]);
+    expect(model?.reasoning).toBe(true);
+    expect(model?.contextWindow).toBe(1_050_000);
+    expect(model?.maxTokens).toBe(128_000);
+    expect(model?.cost).toEqual({ input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 });
+  });
+
+  it("resolves openai gpt-5.4-pro via template fallback", () => {
+    const registry = createRegistry({
+      "openai/gpt-5.2": createOpenAITemplateModel("gpt-5.2"),
+    });
+    const model = resolveForwardCompatModel("openai", "gpt-5.4-pro", registry);
+    expectResolvedForwardCompat(model, { provider: "openai", id: "gpt-5.4-pro" });
+    expect(model?.api).toBe("openai-responses");
+    expect(model?.baseUrl).toBe("https://api.openai.com/v1");
+    expect(model?.contextWindow).toBe(1_050_000);
+    expect(model?.maxTokens).toBe(128_000);
+  });
+
+  it("resolves openai-codex gpt-5.4 via codex template fallback", () => {
+    const registry = createRegistry({
+      "openai-codex/gpt-5.2-codex": createOpenAICodexTemplateModel("gpt-5.2-codex"),
+    });
+    const model = resolveForwardCompatModel("openai-codex", "gpt-5.4", registry);
+    expectResolvedForwardCompat(model, { provider: "openai-codex", id: "gpt-5.4" });
+    expect(model?.api).toBe("openai-codex-responses");
+    expect(model?.baseUrl).toBe("https://chatgpt.com/backend-api");
+    expect(model?.contextWindow).toBe(272_000);
+    expect(model?.maxTokens).toBe(128_000);
+  });
+
   it("resolves anthropic opus 4.6 via 4.5 template", () => {
     const registry = createRegistry({
       "anthropic/claude-opus-4-5": createTemplateModel("anthropic", "claude-opus-4-5"),
diff --git a/src/agents/model-forward-compat.ts b/src/agents/model-forward-compat.ts
index d99dc8ca4b3..d19ab3d1a3f 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-forward-compat.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-forward-compat.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@ import { DEFAULT_CONTEXT_TOKENS } from "./defaults.js";
 import { normalizeModelCompat } from "./model-compat.js";
 import { normalizeProviderId } from "./model-selection.js";
 
+const OPENAI_GPT_54_MODEL_ID = "gpt-5.4";
+const OPENAI_GPT_54_PRO_MODEL_ID = "gpt-5.4-pro";
+const OPENAI_GPT_54_CONTEXT_TOKENS = 1_050_000;
+const OPENAI_GPT_54_MAX_TOKENS = 128_000;
+const OPENAI_GPT_54_TEMPLATE_MODEL_IDS = ["gpt-5.2"] as const;
+const OPENAI_GPT_54_PRO_TEMPLATE_MODEL_IDS = ["gpt-5.2-pro", "gpt-5.2"] as const;
+
+const OPENAI_CODEX_GPT_54_MODEL_ID = "gpt-5.4";
+const OPENAI_CODEX_GPT_54_TEMPLATE_MODEL_IDS = ["gpt-5.3-codex", "gpt-5.2-codex"] as const;
 const OPENAI_CODEX_GPT_53_MODEL_ID = "gpt-5.3-codex";
 const OPENAI_CODEX_TEMPLATE_MODEL_IDS = ["gpt-5.2-codex"] as const;
 
@@ -25,6 +34,58 @@ const GEMINI_3_1_FLASH_PREFIX = "gemini-3.1-flash";
 const GEMINI_3_1_PRO_TEMPLATE_IDS = ["gemini-3-pro-preview"] as const;
 const GEMINI_3_1_FLASH_TEMPLATE_IDS = ["gemini-3-flash-preview"] as const;
 
+function resolveOpenAIGpt54ForwardCompatModel(
+  provider: string,
+  modelId: string,
+  modelRegistry: ModelRegistry,
+): Model<Api> | undefined {
+  const normalizedProvider = normalizeProviderId(provider);
+  if (normalizedProvider !== "openai") {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const trimmedModelId = modelId.trim();
+  const lower = trimmedModelId.toLowerCase();
+  let templateIds: readonly string[];
+  if (lower === OPENAI_GPT_54_MODEL_ID) {
+    templateIds = OPENAI_GPT_54_TEMPLATE_MODEL_IDS;
+  } else if (lower === OPENAI_GPT_54_PRO_MODEL_ID) {
+    templateIds = OPENAI_GPT_54_PRO_TEMPLATE_MODEL_IDS;
+  } else {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    cloneFirstTemplateModel({
+      normalizedProvider,
+      trimmedModelId,
+      templateIds: [...templateIds],
+      modelRegistry,
+      patch: {
+        api: "openai-responses",
+        provider: normalizedProvider,
+        baseUrl: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+        reasoning: true,
+        input: ["text", "image"],
+        contextWindow: OPENAI_GPT_54_CONTEXT_TOKENS,
+        maxTokens: OPENAI_GPT_54_MAX_TOKENS,
+      },
+    }) ??
+    normalizeModelCompat({
+      id: trimmedModelId,
+      name: trimmedModelId,
+      api: "openai-responses",
+      provider: normalizedProvider,
+      baseUrl: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+      reasoning: true,
+      input: ["text", "image"],
+      cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
+      contextWindow: OPENAI_GPT_54_CONTEXT_TOKENS,
+      maxTokens: OPENAI_GPT_54_MAX_TOKENS,
+    } as Model<Api>)
+  );
+}
+
 function cloneFirstTemplateModel(params: {
   normalizedProvider: string;
   trimmedModelId: string;
@@ -48,23 +109,35 @@ function cloneFirstTemplateModel(params: {
   return undefined;
 }
 
+const CODEX_GPT54_ELIGIBLE_PROVIDERS = new Set(["openai-codex"]);
 const CODEX_GPT53_ELIGIBLE_PROVIDERS = new Set(["openai-codex", "github-copilot"]);
 
-function resolveOpenAICodexGpt53FallbackModel(
+function resolveOpenAICodexForwardCompatModel(
   provider: string,
   modelId: string,
   modelRegistry: ModelRegistry,
 ): Model<Api> | undefined {
   const normalizedProvider = normalizeProviderId(provider);
   const trimmedModelId = modelId.trim();
-  if (!CODEX_GPT53_ELIGIBLE_PROVIDERS.has(normalizedProvider)) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  if (trimmedModelId.toLowerCase() !== OPENAI_CODEX_GPT_53_MODEL_ID) {
+  const lower = trimmedModelId.toLowerCase();
+
+  let templateIds: readonly string[];
+  let eligibleProviders: Set<string>;
+  if (lower === OPENAI_CODEX_GPT_54_MODEL_ID) {
+    templateIds = OPENAI_CODEX_GPT_54_TEMPLATE_MODEL_IDS;
+    eligibleProviders = CODEX_GPT54_ELIGIBLE_PROVIDERS;
+  } else if (lower === OPENAI_CODEX_GPT_53_MODEL_ID) {
+    templateIds = OPENAI_CODEX_TEMPLATE_MODEL_IDS;
+    eligibleProviders = CODEX_GPT53_ELIGIBLE_PROVIDERS;
+  } else {
     return undefined;
   }
 
-  for (const templateId of OPENAI_CODEX_TEMPLATE_MODEL_IDS) {
+  if (!eligibleProviders.has(normalizedProvider)) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  for (const templateId of templateIds) {
     const template = modelRegistry.find(normalizedProvider, templateId) as Model<Api> | null;
     if (!template) {
       continue;
@@ -248,7 +321,8 @@ export function resolveForwardCompatModel(
   modelRegistry: ModelRegistry,
 ): Model<Api> | undefined {
   return (
-    resolveOpenAICodexGpt53FallbackModel(provider, modelId, modelRegistry) ??
+    resolveOpenAIGpt54ForwardCompatModel(provider, modelId, modelRegistry) ??
+    resolveOpenAICodexForwardCompatModel(provider, modelId, modelRegistry) ??
     resolveAnthropicOpus46ForwardCompatModel(provider, modelId, modelRegistry) ??
     resolveAnthropicSonnet46ForwardCompatModel(provider, modelId, modelRegistry) ??
     resolveZaiGlm5ForwardCompatModel(provider, modelId, modelRegistry) ??
diff --git a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner-extraparams.test.ts b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner-extraparams.test.ts
index 7eed9905914..574d3069741 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner-extraparams.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner-extraparams.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import type { StreamFn } from "@mariozechner/pi-agent-core";
 import type { Context, Model, SimpleStreamOptions } from "@mariozechner/pi-ai";
-import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { applyExtraParamsToAgent, resolveExtraParams } from "./pi-embedded-runner.js";
+import { log } from "./pi-embedded-runner/logger.js";
 
 describe("resolveExtraParams", () => {
   it("returns undefined with no model config", () => {
@@ -755,6 +756,36 @@ describe("applyExtraParamsToAgent", () => {
     expect(calls[0]?.transport).toBe("websocket");
   });
 
+  it("passes configured websocket transport through stream options for openai-codex gpt-5.4", () => {
+    const { calls, agent } = createOptionsCaptureAgent();
+    const cfg = {
+      agents: {
+        defaults: {
+          models: {
+            "openai-codex/gpt-5.4": {
+              params: {
+                transport: "websocket",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    applyExtraParamsToAgent(agent, cfg, "openai-codex", "gpt-5.4");
+
+    const model = {
+      api: "openai-codex-responses",
+      provider: "openai-codex",
+      id: "gpt-5.4",
+    } as Model<"openai-codex-responses">;
+    const context: Context = { messages: [] };
+    void agent.streamFn?.(model, context, {});
+
+    expect(calls).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(calls[0]?.transport).toBe("websocket");
+  });
+
   it("defaults Codex transport to auto (WebSocket-first)", () => {
     const { calls, agent } = createOptionsCaptureAgent();
 
@@ -1155,6 +1186,179 @@ describe("applyExtraParamsToAgent", () => {
     expect(payload.store).toBe(true);
   });
 
+  it("injects configured OpenAI service_tier into Responses payloads", () => {
+    const payload = runResponsesPayloadMutationCase({
+      applyProvider: "openai",
+      applyModelId: "gpt-5.4",
+      cfg: {
+        agents: {
+          defaults: {
+            models: {
+              "openai/gpt-5.4": {
+                params: {
+                  serviceTier: "priority",
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      model: {
+        api: "openai-responses",
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: "gpt-5.4",
+        baseUrl: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+      } as unknown as Model<"openai-responses">,
+    });
+    expect(payload.service_tier).toBe("priority");
+  });
+
+  it("preserves caller-provided service_tier values", () => {
+    const payload = runResponsesPayloadMutationCase({
+      applyProvider: "openai",
+      applyModelId: "gpt-5.4",
+      cfg: {
+        agents: {
+          defaults: {
+            models: {
+              "openai/gpt-5.4": {
+                params: {
+                  serviceTier: "priority",
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      model: {
+        api: "openai-responses",
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: "gpt-5.4",
+        baseUrl: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+      } as unknown as Model<"openai-responses">,
+      payload: {
+        store: false,
+        service_tier: "default",
+      },
+    });
+    expect(payload.service_tier).toBe("default");
+  });
+
+  it("does not inject service_tier for non-openai providers", () => {
+    const payload = runResponsesPayloadMutationCase({
+      applyProvider: "azure-openai-responses",
+      applyModelId: "gpt-5.4",
+      cfg: {
+        agents: {
+          defaults: {
+            models: {
+              "azure-openai-responses/gpt-5.4": {
+                params: {
+                  serviceTier: "priority",
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      model: {
+        api: "openai-responses",
+        provider: "azure-openai-responses",
+        id: "gpt-5.4",
+        baseUrl: "https://example.openai.azure.com/openai/v1",
+      } as unknown as Model<"openai-responses">,
+    });
+    expect(payload).not.toHaveProperty("service_tier");
+  });
+
+  it("does not inject service_tier for proxied openai base URLs", () => {
+    const payload = runResponsesPayloadMutationCase({
+      applyProvider: "openai",
+      applyModelId: "gpt-5.4",
+      cfg: {
+        agents: {
+          defaults: {
+            models: {
+              "openai/gpt-5.4": {
+                params: {
+                  serviceTier: "priority",
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      model: {
+        api: "openai-responses",
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: "gpt-5.4",
+        baseUrl: "https://proxy.example.com/v1",
+      } as unknown as Model<"openai-responses">,
+    });
+    expect(payload).not.toHaveProperty("service_tier");
+  });
+
+  it("does not inject service_tier for openai provider routed to Azure base URLs", () => {
+    const payload = runResponsesPayloadMutationCase({
+      applyProvider: "openai",
+      applyModelId: "gpt-5.4",
+      cfg: {
+        agents: {
+          defaults: {
+            models: {
+              "openai/gpt-5.4": {
+                params: {
+                  serviceTier: "priority",
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      model: {
+        api: "openai-responses",
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: "gpt-5.4",
+        baseUrl: "https://example.openai.azure.com/openai/v1",
+      } as unknown as Model<"openai-responses">,
+    });
+    expect(payload).not.toHaveProperty("service_tier");
+  });
+
+  it("warns and skips service_tier injection for invalid serviceTier values", () => {
+    const warnSpy = vi.spyOn(log, "warn").mockImplementation(() => undefined);
+    try {
+      const payload = runResponsesPayloadMutationCase({
+        applyProvider: "openai",
+        applyModelId: "gpt-5.4",
+        cfg: {
+          agents: {
+            defaults: {
+              models: {
+                "openai/gpt-5.4": {
+                  params: {
+                    serviceTier: "invalid",
+                  },
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+        model: {
+          api: "openai-responses",
+          provider: "openai",
+          id: "gpt-5.4",
+          baseUrl: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+        } as unknown as Model<"openai-responses">,
+      });
+
+      expect(payload).not.toHaveProperty("service_tier");
+      expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith("ignoring invalid OpenAI service tier param: invalid");
+    } finally {
+      warnSpy.mockRestore();
+    }
+  });
+
   it("does not force store for OpenAI Responses routed through non-OpenAI base URLs", () => {
     const payload = runResponsesPayloadMutationCase({
       applyProvider: "openai",
diff --git a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/extra-params.ts b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/extra-params.ts
index 33b8ab2c6ac..9f8380184f3 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/extra-params.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/extra-params.ts
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ export function resolveExtraParams(params: {
 }
 
 type CacheRetention = "none" | "short" | "long";
+type OpenAIServiceTier = "auto" | "default" | "flex" | "priority";
 type CacheRetentionStreamOptions = Partial<SimpleStreamOptions> & {
   cacheRetention?: CacheRetention;
   openaiWsWarmup?: boolean;
@@ -208,6 +209,18 @@ function isDirectOpenAIBaseUrl(baseUrl: unknown): boolean {
   }
 }
 
+function isOpenAIPublicApiBaseUrl(baseUrl: unknown): boolean {
+  if (typeof baseUrl !== "string" || !baseUrl.trim()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return new URL(baseUrl).hostname.toLowerCase() === "api.openai.com";
+  } catch {
+    return baseUrl.toLowerCase().includes("api.openai.com");
+  }
+}
+
 function shouldForceResponsesStore(model: {
   api?: unknown;
   provider?: unknown;
@@ -314,6 +327,63 @@ function createOpenAIResponsesContextManagementWrapper(
   };
 }
 
+function normalizeOpenAIServiceTier(value: unknown): OpenAIServiceTier | undefined {
+  if (typeof value !== "string") {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const normalized = value.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (
+    normalized === "auto" ||
+    normalized === "default" ||
+    normalized === "flex" ||
+    normalized === "priority"
+  ) {
+    return normalized;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function resolveOpenAIServiceTier(
+  extraParams: Record<string, unknown> | undefined,
+): OpenAIServiceTier | undefined {
+  const raw = extraParams?.serviceTier ?? extraParams?.service_tier;
+  const normalized = normalizeOpenAIServiceTier(raw);
+  if (raw !== undefined && normalized === undefined) {
+    const rawSummary = typeof raw === "string" ? raw : typeof raw;
+    log.warn(`ignoring invalid OpenAI service tier param: ${rawSummary}`);
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+function createOpenAIServiceTierWrapper(
+  baseStreamFn: StreamFn | undefined,
+  serviceTier: OpenAIServiceTier,
+): StreamFn {
+  const underlying = baseStreamFn ?? streamSimple;
+  return (model, context, options) => {
+    if (
+      model.api !== "openai-responses" ||
+      model.provider !== "openai" ||
+      !isOpenAIPublicApiBaseUrl(model.baseUrl)
+    ) {
+      return underlying(model, context, options);
+    }
+    const originalOnPayload = options?.onPayload;
+    return underlying(model, context, {
+      ...options,
+      onPayload: (payload) => {
+        if (payload && typeof payload === "object") {
+          const payloadObj = payload as Record<string, unknown>;
+          if (payloadObj.service_tier === undefined) {
+            payloadObj.service_tier = serviceTier;
+          }
+        }
+        originalOnPayload?.(payload);
+      },
+    });
+  };
+}
+
 function createCodexDefaultTransportWrapper(baseStreamFn: StreamFn | undefined): StreamFn {
   const underlying = baseStreamFn ?? streamSimple;
   return (model, context, options) =>
@@ -1073,6 +1143,12 @@ export function applyExtraParamsToAgent(
   // upstream model-ID heuristics for Gemini 3.1 variants.
   agent.streamFn = createGoogleThinkingPayloadWrapper(agent.streamFn, thinkingLevel);
 
+  const openAIServiceTier = resolveOpenAIServiceTier(merged);
+  if (openAIServiceTier) {
+    log.debug(`applying OpenAI service_tier=${openAIServiceTier} for ${provider}/${modelId}`);
+    agent.streamFn = createOpenAIServiceTierWrapper(agent.streamFn, openAIServiceTier);
+  }
+
   // Work around upstream pi-ai hardcoding `store: false` for Responses API.
   // Force `store=true` for direct OpenAI Responses models and auto-enable
   // server-side compaction for compatible OpenAI Responses payloads.
diff --git a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.forward-compat.test.ts b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.forward-compat.test.ts
index 07b96a1cae9..56fd4654e91 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.forward-compat.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.forward-compat.test.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,14 @@ describe("pi embedded model e2e smoke", () => {
     expect(result.model).toMatchObject(buildOpenAICodexForwardCompatExpectation("gpt-5.3-codex"));
   });
 
+  it("builds an openai-codex forward-compat fallback for gpt-5.4", () => {
+    mockOpenAICodexTemplateModel();
+
+    const result = resolveModel("openai-codex", "gpt-5.4", "/tmp/agent");
+    expect(result.error).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(result.model).toMatchObject(buildOpenAICodexForwardCompatExpectation("gpt-5.4"));
+  });
+
   it("keeps unknown-model errors for non-forward-compat IDs", () => {
     const result = resolveModel("openai-codex", "gpt-4.1-mini", "/tmp/agent");
     expect(result.model).toBeUndefined();
diff --git a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.test.ts b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.test.ts
index d473a4966b1..d23b68d32b6 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.test.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ function buildForwardCompatTemplate(params: {
   id: string;
   name: string;
   provider: string;
-  api: "anthropic-messages" | "google-gemini-cli" | "openai-completions";
+  api: "anthropic-messages" | "google-gemini-cli" | "openai-completions" | "openai-responses";
   baseUrl: string;
   input?: readonly ["text"] | readonly ["text", "image"];
   cost?: { input: number; output: number; cacheRead: number; cacheWrite: number };
@@ -399,6 +399,53 @@ describe("resolveModel", () => {
     expect(result.model).toMatchObject(buildOpenAICodexForwardCompatExpectation("gpt-5.3-codex"));
   });
 
+  it("builds an openai-codex fallback for gpt-5.4", () => {
+    mockOpenAICodexTemplateModel();
+
+    const result = resolveModel("openai-codex", "gpt-5.4", "/tmp/agent");
+
+    expect(result.error).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(result.model).toMatchObject(buildOpenAICodexForwardCompatExpectation("gpt-5.4"));
+  });
+
+  it("applies provider overrides to openai gpt-5.4 forward-compat models", () => {
+    mockDiscoveredModel({
+      provider: "openai",
+      modelId: "gpt-5.2",
+      templateModel: buildForwardCompatTemplate({
+        id: "gpt-5.2",
+        name: "GPT-5.2",
+        provider: "openai",
+        api: "openai-responses",
+        baseUrl: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+      }),
+    });
+
+    const cfg = {
+      models: {
+        providers: {
+          openai: {
+            baseUrl: "https://proxy.example.com/v1",
+            headers: { "X-Proxy-Auth": "token-123" },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
+
+    const result = resolveModel("openai", "gpt-5.4", "/tmp/agent", cfg);
+
+    expect(result.error).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(result.model).toMatchObject({
+      provider: "openai",
+      id: "gpt-5.4",
+      api: "openai-responses",
+      baseUrl: "https://proxy.example.com/v1",
+    });
+    expect((result.model as unknown as { headers?: Record<string, string> }).headers).toEqual({
+      "X-Proxy-Auth": "token-123",
+    });
+  });
+
   it("builds an anthropic forward-compat fallback for claude-opus-4-6", () => {
     mockDiscoveredModel({
       provider: "anthropic",
diff --git a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.ts b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.ts
index eab1b732639..b846895d029 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.ts
@@ -99,6 +99,96 @@ export function buildInlineProviderModels(
   });
 }
 
+export function resolveModelWithRegistry(params: {
+  provider: string;
+  modelId: string;
+  modelRegistry: ModelRegistry;
+  cfg?: OpenClawConfig;
+}): Model<Api> | undefined {
+  const { provider, modelId, modelRegistry, cfg } = params;
+  const providerConfig = resolveConfiguredProviderConfig(cfg, provider);
+  const model = modelRegistry.find(provider, modelId) as Model<Api> | null;
+
+  if (model) {
+    return normalizeModelCompat(
+      applyConfiguredProviderOverrides({
+        discoveredModel: model,
+        providerConfig,
+        modelId,
+      }),
+    );
+  }
+
+  const providers = cfg?.models?.providers ?? {};
+  const inlineModels = buildInlineProviderModels(providers);
+  const normalizedProvider = normalizeProviderId(provider);
+  const inlineMatch = inlineModels.find(
+    (entry) => normalizeProviderId(entry.provider) === normalizedProvider && entry.id === modelId,
+  );
+  if (inlineMatch) {
+    return normalizeModelCompat(inlineMatch as Model<Api>);
+  }
+
+  // Forward-compat fallbacks must be checked BEFORE the generic providerCfg fallback.
+  // Otherwise, configured providers can default to a generic API and break specific transports.
+  const forwardCompat = resolveForwardCompatModel(provider, modelId, modelRegistry);
+  if (forwardCompat) {
+    return normalizeModelCompat(
+      applyConfiguredProviderOverrides({
+        discoveredModel: forwardCompat,
+        providerConfig,
+        modelId,
+      }),
+    );
+  }
+
+  // OpenRouter is a pass-through proxy - any model ID available on OpenRouter
+  // should work without being pre-registered in the local catalog.
+  if (normalizedProvider === "openrouter") {
+    return normalizeModelCompat({
+      id: modelId,
+      name: modelId,
+      api: "openai-completions",
+      provider,
+      baseUrl: "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
+      reasoning: false,
+      input: ["text"],
+      cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
+      contextWindow: DEFAULT_CONTEXT_TOKENS,
+      // Align with OPENROUTER_DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS in models-config.providers.ts
+      maxTokens: 8192,
+    } as Model<Api>);
+  }
+
+  const configuredModel = providerConfig?.models?.find((candidate) => candidate.id === modelId);
+  if (providerConfig || modelId.startsWith("mock-")) {
+    return normalizeModelCompat({
+      id: modelId,
+      name: modelId,
+      api: providerConfig?.api ?? "openai-responses",
+      provider,
+      baseUrl: providerConfig?.baseUrl,
+      reasoning: configuredModel?.reasoning ?? false,
+      input: ["text"],
+      cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
+      contextWindow:
+        configuredModel?.contextWindow ??
+        providerConfig?.models?.[0]?.contextWindow ??
+        DEFAULT_CONTEXT_TOKENS,
+      maxTokens:
+        configuredModel?.maxTokens ??
+        providerConfig?.models?.[0]?.maxTokens ??
+        DEFAULT_CONTEXT_TOKENS,
+      headers:
+        providerConfig?.headers || configuredModel?.headers
+          ? { ...providerConfig?.headers, ...configuredModel?.headers }
+          : undefined,
+    } as Model<Api>);
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+}
+
 export function resolveModel(
   provider: string,
   modelId: string,
@@ -113,89 +203,13 @@ export function resolveModel(
   const resolvedAgentDir = agentDir ?? resolveOpenClawAgentDir();
   const authStorage = discoverAuthStorage(resolvedAgentDir);
   const modelRegistry = discoverModels(authStorage, resolvedAgentDir);
-  const providerConfig = resolveConfiguredProviderConfig(cfg, provider);
-  const model = modelRegistry.find(provider, modelId) as Model<Api> | null;
-
-  if (!model) {
-    const providers = cfg?.models?.providers ?? {};
-    const inlineModels = buildInlineProviderModels(providers);
-    const normalizedProvider = normalizeProviderId(provider);
-    const inlineMatch = inlineModels.find(
-      (entry) => normalizeProviderId(entry.provider) === normalizedProvider && entry.id === modelId,
-    );
-    if (inlineMatch) {
-      const normalized = normalizeModelCompat(inlineMatch as Model<Api>);
-      return {
-        model: normalized,
-        authStorage,
-        modelRegistry,
-      };
-    }
-    // Forward-compat fallbacks must be checked BEFORE the generic providerCfg fallback.
-    // Otherwise, configured providers can default to a generic API and break specific transports.
-    const forwardCompat = resolveForwardCompatModel(provider, modelId, modelRegistry);
-    if (forwardCompat) {
-      return { model: forwardCompat, authStorage, modelRegistry };
-    }
-    // OpenRouter is a pass-through proxy — any model ID available on OpenRouter
-    // should work without being pre-registered in the local catalog.
-    if (normalizedProvider === "openrouter") {
-      const fallbackModel: Model<Api> = normalizeModelCompat({
-        id: modelId,
-        name: modelId,
-        api: "openai-completions",
-        provider,
-        baseUrl: "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
-        reasoning: false,
-        input: ["text"],
-        cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
-        contextWindow: DEFAULT_CONTEXT_TOKENS,
-        // Align with OPENROUTER_DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS in models-config.providers.ts
-        maxTokens: 8192,
-      } as Model<Api>);
-      return { model: fallbackModel, authStorage, modelRegistry };
-    }
-    const providerCfg = providerConfig;
-    if (providerCfg || modelId.startsWith("mock-")) {
-      const configuredModel = providerCfg?.models?.find((candidate) => candidate.id === modelId);
-      const fallbackModel: Model<Api> = normalizeModelCompat({
-        id: modelId,
-        name: modelId,
-        api: providerCfg?.api ?? "openai-responses",
-        provider,
-        baseUrl: providerCfg?.baseUrl,
-        reasoning: configuredModel?.reasoning ?? false,
-        input: ["text"],
-        cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
-        contextWindow:
-          configuredModel?.contextWindow ??
-          providerCfg?.models?.[0]?.contextWindow ??
-          DEFAULT_CONTEXT_TOKENS,
-        maxTokens:
-          configuredModel?.maxTokens ??
-          providerCfg?.models?.[0]?.maxTokens ??
-          DEFAULT_CONTEXT_TOKENS,
-        headers:
-          providerCfg?.headers || configuredModel?.headers
-            ? { ...providerCfg?.headers, ...configuredModel?.headers }
-            : undefined,
-      } as Model<Api>);
-      return { model: fallbackModel, authStorage, modelRegistry };
-    }
-    return {
-      error: buildUnknownModelError(provider, modelId),
-      authStorage,
-      modelRegistry,
-    };
+  const model = resolveModelWithRegistry({ provider, modelId, modelRegistry, cfg });
+  if (model) {
+    return { model, authStorage, modelRegistry };
   }
+
   return {
-    model: normalizeModelCompat(
-      applyConfiguredProviderOverrides({
-        discoveredModel: model,
-        providerConfig,
-        modelId,
-      }),
-    ),
+    error: buildUnknownModelError(provider, modelId),
     authStorage,
     modelRegistry,
   };
diff --git a/src/auto-reply/reply.directive.directive-behavior.applies-inline-reasoning-mixed-messages-acks-immediately.test.ts b/src/auto-reply/reply.directive.directive-behavior.applies-inline-reasoning-mixed-messages-acks-immediately.test.ts
index 913801e6dd6..f5cd484fba4 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/reply.directive.directive-behavior.applies-inline-reasoning-mixed-messages-acks-immediately.test.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/reply.directive.directive-behavior.applies-inline-reasoning-mixed-messages-acks-immediately.test.ts
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ describe("directive behavior", () => {
 
       const unsupportedModelTexts = await runThinkingDirective(home, "openai/gpt-4.1-mini");
       expect(unsupportedModelTexts).toContain(
-        'Thinking level "xhigh" is only supported for openai/gpt-5.2, openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex, openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex-spark, openai-codex/gpt-5.2-codex, openai-codex/gpt-5.1-codex, github-copilot/gpt-5.2-codex or github-copilot/gpt-5.2.',
+        'Thinking level "xhigh" is only supported for openai/gpt-5.4, openai/gpt-5.4-pro, openai/gpt-5.2, openai-codex/gpt-5.4, openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex, openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex-spark, openai-codex/gpt-5.2-codex, openai-codex/gpt-5.1-codex, github-copilot/gpt-5.2-codex or github-copilot/gpt-5.2.',
       );
       expect(runEmbeddedPiAgent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
diff --git a/src/auto-reply/thinking.test.ts b/src/auto-reply/thinking.test.ts
index 90aede76047..359082c2616 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/thinking.test.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/thinking.test.ts
@@ -48,8 +48,14 @@ describe("listThinkingLevels", () => {
     expect(listThinkingLevels(undefined, "gpt-5.3-codex-spark")).toContain("xhigh");
   });
 
-  it("includes xhigh for openai gpt-5.2", () => {
+  it("includes xhigh for openai gpt-5.2 and gpt-5.4 variants", () => {
     expect(listThinkingLevels("openai", "gpt-5.2")).toContain("xhigh");
+    expect(listThinkingLevels("openai", "gpt-5.4")).toContain("xhigh");
+    expect(listThinkingLevels("openai", "gpt-5.4-pro")).toContain("xhigh");
+  });
+
+  it("includes xhigh for openai-codex gpt-5.4", () => {
+    expect(listThinkingLevels("openai-codex", "gpt-5.4")).toContain("xhigh");
   });
 
   it("includes xhigh for github-copilot gpt-5.2 refs", () => {
diff --git a/src/auto-reply/thinking.ts b/src/auto-reply/thinking.ts
index 0342e6fe7b2..0a0f87c16e7 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/thinking.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/thinking.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@ export function isBinaryThinkingProvider(provider?: string | null): boolean {
 }
 
 export const XHIGH_MODEL_REFS = [
+  "openai/gpt-5.4",
+  "openai/gpt-5.4-pro",
   "openai/gpt-5.2",
+  "openai-codex/gpt-5.4",
   "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex",
   "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex-spark",
   "openai-codex/gpt-5.2-codex",
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.list-command.forward-compat.test.ts b/src/commands/models/list.list-command.forward-compat.test.ts
index 396509f8a31..2b2e8612782 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.list-command.forward-compat.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.list-command.forward-compat.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => {
   const printModelTable = vi.fn();
   return {
     loadConfig: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
-      agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex" } } },
+      agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "openai-codex/gpt-5.4" } } },
       models: { providers: {} },
     }),
     ensureAuthProfileStore: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ version: 1, profiles: {}, order: {} }),
@@ -14,18 +14,19 @@ const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => {
     resolveConfiguredEntries: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
       entries: [
         {
-          key: "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex",
-          ref: { provider: "openai-codex", model: "gpt-5.3-codex" },
+          key: "openai-codex/gpt-5.4",
+          ref: { provider: "openai-codex", model: "gpt-5.4" },
           tags: new Set(["configured"]),
           aliases: [],
         },
       ],
     }),
     printModelTable,
-    resolveForwardCompatModel: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+    listProfilesForProvider: vi.fn().mockReturnValue([]),
+    resolveModelWithRegistry: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
       provider: "openai-codex",
-      id: "gpt-5.3-codex",
-      name: "GPT-5.3 Codex",
+      id: "gpt-5.4",
+      name: "GPT-5.4",
       api: "openai-codex-responses",
       baseUrl: "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api",
       input: ["text"],
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ vi.mock("../../agents/auth-profiles.js", async (importOriginal) => {
   return {
     ...actual,
     ensureAuthProfileStore: mocks.ensureAuthProfileStore,
-    listProfilesForProvider: vi.fn().mockReturnValue([]),
+    listProfilesForProvider: mocks.listProfilesForProvider,
   };
 });
 
@@ -65,11 +66,11 @@ vi.mock("./list.table.js", () => ({
   printModelTable: mocks.printModelTable,
 }));
 
-vi.mock("../../agents/model-forward-compat.js", async (importOriginal) => {
-  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("../../agents/model-forward-compat.js")>();
+vi.mock("../../agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.js", async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("../../agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.js")>();
   return {
     ...actual,
-    resolveForwardCompatModel: mocks.resolveForwardCompatModel,
+    resolveModelWithRegistry: mocks.resolveModelWithRegistry,
   };
 });
 
@@ -88,9 +89,95 @@ describe("modelsListCommand forward-compat", () => {
       missing: boolean;
     }>;
 
-    const codex = rows.find((r) => r.key === "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex");
+    const codex = rows.find((r) => r.key === "openai-codex/gpt-5.4");
     expect(codex).toBeTruthy();
     expect(codex?.missing).toBe(false);
     expect(codex?.tags).not.toContain("missing");
   });
+
+  it("keeps configured local openai gpt-5.4 entries visible in --local output", async () => {
+    mocks.resolveConfiguredEntries.mockReturnValueOnce({
+      entries: [
+        {
+          key: "openai/gpt-5.4",
+          ref: { provider: "openai", model: "gpt-5.4" },
+          tags: new Set(["configured"]),
+          aliases: [],
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    mocks.resolveModelWithRegistry.mockReturnValueOnce({
+      provider: "openai",
+      id: "gpt-5.4",
+      name: "GPT-5.4",
+      api: "openai-responses",
+      baseUrl: "http://localhost:4000/v1",
+      input: ["text", "image"],
+      contextWindow: 1_050_000,
+      maxTokens: 128_000,
+      cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
+    });
+    const runtime = { log: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn() };
+
+    await modelsListCommand({ json: true, local: true }, runtime as never);
+
+    expect(mocks.printModelTable).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    const rows = mocks.printModelTable.mock.calls.at(-1)?.[0] as Array<{ key: string }>;
+    expect(rows).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        key: "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      }),
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("marks synthetic codex gpt-5.4 rows as available when provider auth exists", async () => {
+    mocks.loadModelRegistry.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      models: [],
+      availableKeys: new Set(),
+      registry: {},
+    });
+    mocks.listProfilesForProvider.mockImplementationOnce((_: unknown, provider: string) =>
+      provider === "openai-codex" ? ([{ id: "profile-1" }] as Array<Record<string, unknown>>) : [],
+    );
+    const runtime = { log: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn() };
+
+    await modelsListCommand({ json: true }, runtime as never);
+
+    expect(mocks.printModelTable).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    const rows = mocks.printModelTable.mock.calls.at(-1)?.[0] as Array<{
+      key: string;
+      available: boolean;
+    }>;
+
+    expect(rows).toContainEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        key: "openai-codex/gpt-5.4",
+        available: true,
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("exits with an error when configured-mode listing has no model registry", async () => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    const previousExitCode = process.exitCode;
+    process.exitCode = undefined;
+    mocks.loadModelRegistry.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      models: [],
+      availableKeys: new Set<string>(),
+      registry: undefined,
+    });
+    const runtime = { log: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn() };
+    let observedExitCode: number | undefined;
+
+    try {
+      await modelsListCommand({ json: true }, runtime as never);
+      observedExitCode = process.exitCode;
+    } finally {
+      process.exitCode = previousExitCode;
+    }
+
+    expect(runtime.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith("Model registry unavailable.");
+    expect(observedExitCode).toBe(1);
+    expect(mocks.printModelTable).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.list-command.ts b/src/commands/models/list.list-command.ts
index 43d5e5ef9b5..7e706469cea 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.list-command.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.list-command.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { Api, Model } from "@mariozechner/pi-ai";
 import type { ModelRegistry } from "@mariozechner/pi-coding-agent";
-import { resolveForwardCompatModel } from "../../agents/model-forward-compat.js";
 import { parseModelRef } from "../../agents/model-selection.js";
+import { resolveModelWithRegistry } from "../../agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.js";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../../runtime.js";
 import { resolveConfiguredEntries } from "./list.configured.js";
 import { formatErrorWithStack } from "./list.errors.js";
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ export async function modelsListCommand(
       `Model availability lookup failed; falling back to auth heuristics for discovered models: ${availabilityErrorMessage}`,
     );
   }
-
-  const modelByKey = new Map(models.map((model) => [modelKey(model.provider, model.id), model]));
+  const discoveredKeys = new Set(models.map((model) => modelKey(model.provider, model.id)));
 
   const { entries } = resolveConfiguredEntries(cfg);
   const configuredByKey = new Map(entries.map((entry) => [entry.key, entry]));
@@ -93,26 +92,22 @@ export async function modelsListCommand(
       );
     }
   } else {
+    const registry = modelRegistry;
+    if (!registry) {
+      runtime.error("Model registry unavailable.");
+      process.exitCode = 1;
+      return;
+    }
     for (const entry of entries) {
       if (providerFilter && entry.ref.provider.toLowerCase() !== providerFilter) {
         continue;
       }
-      let model = modelByKey.get(entry.key);
-      if (!model && modelRegistry) {
-        const forwardCompat = resolveForwardCompatModel(
-          entry.ref.provider,
-          entry.ref.model,
-          modelRegistry,
-        );
-        if (forwardCompat) {
-          model = forwardCompat;
-          modelByKey.set(entry.key, forwardCompat);
-        }
-      }
-      if (!model) {
-        const { resolveModel } = await import("../../agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.js");
-        model = resolveModel(entry.ref.provider, entry.ref.model, undefined, cfg).model;
-      }
+      const model = resolveModelWithRegistry({
+        provider: entry.ref.provider,
+        modelId: entry.ref.model,
+        modelRegistry: registry,
+        cfg,
+      });
       if (opts.local && model && !isLocalBaseUrl(model.baseUrl)) {
         continue;
       }
@@ -128,6 +123,9 @@ export async function modelsListCommand(
           availableKeys,
           cfg,
           authStore,
+          allowProviderAvailabilityFallback: model
+            ? !discoveredKeys.has(modelKey(model.provider, model.id))
+            : false,
         }),
       );
     }
diff --git a/src/commands/models/list.registry.ts b/src/commands/models/list.registry.ts
index 012b4eafb07..a4fd2cdf0f5 100644
--- a/src/commands/models/list.registry.ts
+++ b/src/commands/models/list.registry.ts
@@ -129,8 +129,18 @@ export function toModelRow(params: {
   availableKeys?: Set<string>;
   cfg?: OpenClawConfig;
   authStore?: AuthProfileStore;
+  allowProviderAvailabilityFallback?: boolean;
 }): ModelRow {
-  const { model, key, tags, aliases = [], availableKeys, cfg, authStore } = params;
+  const {
+    model,
+    key,
+    tags,
+    aliases = [],
+    availableKeys,
+    cfg,
+    authStore,
+    allowProviderAvailabilityFallback = false,
+  } = params;
   if (!model) {
     return {
       key,
@@ -146,14 +156,15 @@ export function toModelRow(params: {
 
   const input = model.input.join("+") || "text";
   const local = isLocalBaseUrl(model.baseUrl);
+  const modelIsAvailable = availableKeys?.has(modelKey(model.provider, model.id)) ?? false;
   // Prefer model-level registry availability when present.
-  // Fall back to provider-level auth heuristics only if registry availability isn't available.
+  // Fall back to provider-level auth heuristics only if registry availability isn't available,
+  // or if the caller marks this as a synthetic/forward-compat model that won't appear in getAvailable().
   const available =
-    availableKeys !== undefined
-      ? availableKeys.has(modelKey(model.provider, model.id))
-      : cfg && authStore
-        ? hasAuthForProvider(model.provider, cfg, authStore)
-        : false;
+    availableKeys !== undefined && !allowProviderAvailabilityFallback
+      ? modelIsAvailable
+      : modelIsAvailable ||
+        (cfg && authStore ? hasAuthForProvider(model.provider, cfg, authStore) : false);
   const aliasTags = aliases.length > 0 ? [`alias:${aliases.join(",")}`] : [];
   const mergedTags = new Set(tags);
   if (aliasTags.length > 0) {
diff --git a/src/commands/openai-codex-model-default.ts b/src/commands/openai-codex-model-default.ts
index b20b6feca7c..58d57ef0c39 100644
--- a/src/commands/openai-codex-model-default.ts
+++ b/src/commands/openai-codex-model-default.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
 import type { AgentModelListConfig } from "../config/types.js";
 
-export const OPENAI_CODEX_DEFAULT_MODEL = "openai-codex/gpt-5.3-codex";
+export const OPENAI_CODEX_DEFAULT_MODEL = "openai-codex/gpt-5.4";
 
 function shouldSetOpenAICodexModel(model?: string): boolean {
   const trimmed = model?.trim();