diff --git a/src/agents/bash-tools.exec-approval-request.ts b/src/agents/bash-tools.exec-approval-request.ts
index 7c28827c051..2b2fd7d9a5b 100644
--- a/src/agents/bash-tools.exec-approval-request.ts
+++ b/src/agents/bash-tools.exec-approval-request.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { callGatewayTool } from "./tools/gateway.js";
 
 export type RequestExecApprovalDecisionParams = {
   id: string;
-  command: string;
+  command?: string;
   commandArgv?: string[];
   systemRunPlan?: SystemRunApprovalPlan;
   env?: Record<string, string>;
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ function buildExecApprovalRequestToolParams(
 ): ExecApprovalRequestToolParams {
   return {
     id: params.id,
-    command: params.command,
-    commandArgv: params.commandArgv,
+    ...(params.command ? { command: params.command } : {}),
+    ...(params.commandArgv ? { commandArgv: params.commandArgv } : {}),
     systemRunPlan: params.systemRunPlan,
     env: params.env,
     cwd: params.cwd,
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export async function requestExecApprovalDecision(
 
 type HostExecApprovalParams = {
   approvalId: string;
-  command: string;
+  command?: string;
   commandArgv?: string[];
   systemRunPlan?: SystemRunApprovalPlan;
   env?: Record<string, string>;
diff --git a/src/agents/bash-tools.exec-host-node.ts b/src/agents/bash-tools.exec-host-node.ts
index 97eb4218035..c3a23197f0a 100644
--- a/src/agents/bash-tools.exec-host-node.ts
+++ b/src/agents/bash-tools.exec-host-node.ts
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ export async function executeNodeHostCommand(
     throw new Error("invalid system.run.prepare response");
   }
   const runArgv = prepared.plan.argv;
-  const runRawCommand = prepared.plan.rawCommand ?? prepared.cmdText;
+  const runRawCommand = prepared.plan.commandText;
   const runCwd = prepared.plan.cwd ?? params.workdir;
   const runAgentId = prepared.plan.agentId ?? params.agentId;
   const runSessionKey = prepared.plan.sessionKey ?? params.sessionKey;
@@ -238,8 +238,6 @@ export async function executeNodeHostCommand(
     // Register first so the returned approval ID is actionable immediately.
     const registration = await registerExecApprovalRequestForHostOrThrow({
       approvalId,
-      command: prepared.cmdText,
-      commandArgv: prepared.plan.argv,
       systemRunPlan: prepared.plan,
       env: nodeEnv,
       workdir: runCwd,
@@ -391,7 +389,7 @@ export async function executeNodeHostCommand(
                   warningText,
                   approvalSlug,
                   approvalId,
-                  command: prepared.cmdText,
+                  command: prepared.plan.commandText,
                   cwd: runCwd,
                   host: "node",
                   nodeId,
diff --git a/src/agents/openclaw-tools.camera.test.ts b/src/agents/openclaw-tools.camera.test.ts
index 83c4d3e48d6..5d3f14772fd 100644
--- a/src/agents/openclaw-tools.camera.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/openclaw-tools.camera.test.ts
@@ -135,11 +135,10 @@ function setupNodeInvokeMock(params: {
 function createSystemRunPreparePayload(cwd: string | null) {
   return {
     payload: {
-      cmdText: "echo hi",
       plan: {
         argv: ["echo", "hi"],
         cwd,
-        rawCommand: "echo hi",
+        commandText: "echo hi",
         agentId: null,
         sessionKey: null,
       },
@@ -662,10 +661,9 @@ describe("nodes run", () => {
       onApprovalRequest: (approvalParams) => {
         expect(approvalParams).toMatchObject({
           id: expect.any(String),
-          command: "echo hi",
-          commandArgv: ["echo", "hi"],
           systemRunPlan: expect.objectContaining({
             argv: ["echo", "hi"],
+            commandText: "echo hi",
           }),
           nodeId: NODE_ID,
           host: "node",
diff --git a/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.test.ts b/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.test.ts
index 99780a16238..ddde0b850e1 100644
--- a/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.test.ts
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ describe("createNodesTool screen_record duration guardrails", () => {
       if (payload?.command === "system.run.prepare") {
         return {
           payload: {
-            cmdText: "echo hi",
             plan: {
               argv: ["bash", "-lc", "echo hi"],
               cwd: null,
-              rawCommand: null,
+              commandText: 'bash -lc "echo hi"',
+              commandPreview: "echo hi",
               agentId: null,
               sessionKey: null,
             },
diff --git a/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.ts b/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.ts
index 9c335c012b4..e57ff735cdf 100644
--- a/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.ts
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ export function createNodesTool(options?: {
             }
             const runParams = {
               command: prepared.plan.argv,
-              rawCommand: prepared.plan.rawCommand ?? prepared.cmdText,
+              rawCommand: prepared.plan.commandText,
               cwd: prepared.plan.cwd ?? cwd,
               env,
               timeoutMs: commandTimeoutMs,
@@ -699,8 +699,6 @@ export function createNodesTool(options?: {
               { ...gatewayOpts, timeoutMs: APPROVAL_TIMEOUT_MS + 5_000 },
               {
                 id: approvalId,
-                command: prepared.cmdText,
-                commandArgv: prepared.plan.argv,
                 systemRunPlan: prepared.plan,
                 cwd: prepared.plan.cwd ?? cwd,
                 nodeId,
diff --git a/src/cli/daemon-cli/lifecycle.test.ts b/src/cli/daemon-cli/lifecycle.test.ts
index 3f0ed6d531c..f1e87fc4938 100644
--- a/src/cli/daemon-cli/lifecycle.test.ts
+++ b/src/cli/daemon-cli/lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -36,17 +36,16 @@ const renderGatewayPortHealthDiagnostics = vi.fn(() => ["diag: unhealthy port"])
 const renderRestartDiagnostics = vi.fn(() => ["diag: unhealthy runtime"]);
 const resolveGatewayPort = vi.fn(() => 18789);
 const findGatewayPidsOnPortSync = vi.fn<(port: number) => number[]>(() => []);
-const probeGateway =
-  vi.fn<
-    (opts: {
-      url: string;
-      auth?: { token?: string; password?: string };
-      timeoutMs: number;
-    }) => Promise<{
-      ok: boolean;
-      configSnapshot: unknown;
-    }>
-  >();
+const probeGateway = vi.fn<
+  (opts: {
+    url: string;
+    auth?: { token?: string; password?: string };
+    timeoutMs: number;
+  }) => Promise<{
+    ok: boolean;
+    configSnapshot: unknown;
+  }>
+>();
 const isRestartEnabled = vi.fn<(config?: { commands?: unknown }) => boolean>(() => true);
 const loadConfig = vi.fn(() => ({}));
 
diff --git a/src/cli/nodes-cli.coverage.test.ts b/src/cli/nodes-cli.coverage.test.ts
index cba8a8de7fb..81d0f17c07c 100644
--- a/src/cli/nodes-cli.coverage.test.ts
+++ b/src/cli/nodes-cli.coverage.test.ts
@@ -186,11 +186,10 @@ describe("nodes-cli coverage", () => {
     });
     expect(invoke?.params?.timeoutMs).toBe(5000);
     const approval = getApprovalRequestCall();
-    expect(approval?.params?.["commandArgv"]).toEqual(["echo", "hi"]);
     expect(approval?.params?.["systemRunPlan"]).toEqual({
       argv: ["echo", "hi"],
       cwd: "/tmp",
-      rawCommand: "echo hi",
+      commandText: "echo hi",
       commandPreview: null,
       agentId: "main",
       sessionKey: null,
@@ -221,11 +220,10 @@ describe("nodes-cli coverage", () => {
       runId: expect.any(String),
     });
     const approval = getApprovalRequestCall();
-    expect(approval?.params?.["commandArgv"]).toEqual(["/bin/sh", "-lc", "echo hi"]);
     expect(approval?.params?.["systemRunPlan"]).toEqual({
       argv: ["/bin/sh", "-lc", "echo hi"],
       cwd: null,
-      rawCommand: '/bin/sh -lc "echo hi"',
+      commandText: '/bin/sh -lc "echo hi"',
       commandPreview: "echo hi",
       agentId: "main",
       sessionKey: null,
diff --git a/src/cli/nodes-cli/register.invoke.ts b/src/cli/nodes-cli/register.invoke.ts
index 71a3e2361e4..0bd1fdad895 100644
--- a/src/cli/nodes-cli/register.invoke.ts
+++ b/src/cli/nodes-cli/register.invoke.ts
@@ -189,7 +189,6 @@ async function maybeRequestNodesRunApproval(params: {
   opts: NodesRunOpts;
   nodeId: string;
   agentId: string | undefined;
-  preparedCmdText: string;
   approvalPlan: ReturnType<typeof requirePreparedRunPayload>["plan"];
   hostSecurity: ExecSecurity;
   hostAsk: ExecAsk;
@@ -215,8 +214,6 @@ async function maybeRequestNodesRunApproval(params: {
     params.opts,
     {
       id: approvalId,
-      command: params.preparedCmdText,
-      commandArgv: params.approvalPlan.argv,
       systemRunPlan: params.approvalPlan,
       cwd: params.approvalPlan.cwd,
       nodeId: params.nodeId,
@@ -272,7 +269,7 @@ function buildSystemRunInvokeParams(params: {
     command: "system.run",
     params: {
       command: params.approvalPlan.argv,
-      rawCommand: params.approvalPlan.rawCommand,
+      rawCommand: params.approvalPlan.commandText,
       cwd: params.approvalPlan.cwd,
       env: params.nodeEnv,
       timeoutMs: params.timeoutMs,
@@ -403,7 +400,6 @@ export function registerNodesInvokeCommands(nodes: Command) {
             opts,
             nodeId,
             agentId,
-            preparedCmdText: preparedContext.prepared.cmdText,
             approvalPlan,
             hostSecurity: approvals.hostSecurity,
             hostAsk: approvals.hostAsk,
diff --git a/src/discord/monitor/exec-approvals.ts b/src/discord/monitor/exec-approvals.ts
index 79635bd5ebe..87dc0c9a07d 100644
--- a/src/discord/monitor/exec-approvals.ts
+++ b/src/discord/monitor/exec-approvals.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import type { DiscordExecApprovalConfig } from "../../config/types.discord.js";
 import { GatewayClient } from "../../gateway/client.js";
 import { createOperatorApprovalsGatewayClient } from "../../gateway/operator-approvals-client.js";
 import type { EventFrame } from "../../gateway/protocol/index.js";
+import { resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay } from "../../infra/exec-approval-command-display.js";
 import { getExecApprovalApproverDmNoticeText } from "../../infra/exec-approval-reply.js";
 import type {
   ExecApprovalDecision,
@@ -257,12 +258,11 @@ function createExecApprovalRequestContainer(params: {
   accountId: string;
   actionRow?: Row<Button>;
 }): ExecApprovalContainer {
-  const commandText = params.request.request.command;
-  const commandPreview = formatCommandPreview(commandText, 1000);
-  const commandSecondaryPreview = formatOptionalCommandPreview(
-    params.request.request.commandPreview,
-    500,
+  const { commandText, commandPreview: secondaryPreview } = resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay(
+    params.request.request,
   );
+  const commandPreview = formatCommandPreview(commandText, 1000);
+  const commandSecondaryPreview = formatOptionalCommandPreview(secondaryPreview, 500);
   const expiresAtSeconds = Math.max(0, Math.floor(params.request.expiresAtMs / 1000));
 
   return new ExecApprovalContainer({
@@ -286,12 +286,11 @@ function createResolvedContainer(params: {
   cfg: OpenClawConfig;
   accountId: string;
 }): ExecApprovalContainer {
-  const commandText = params.request.request.command;
-  const commandPreview = formatCommandPreview(commandText, 500);
-  const commandSecondaryPreview = formatOptionalCommandPreview(
-    params.request.request.commandPreview,
-    300,
+  const { commandText, commandPreview: secondaryPreview } = resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay(
+    params.request.request,
   );
+  const commandPreview = formatCommandPreview(commandText, 500);
+  const commandSecondaryPreview = formatOptionalCommandPreview(secondaryPreview, 300);
 
   const decisionLabel =
     params.decision === "allow-once"
@@ -324,12 +323,11 @@ function createExpiredContainer(params: {
   cfg: OpenClawConfig;
   accountId: string;
 }): ExecApprovalContainer {
-  const commandText = params.request.request.command;
-  const commandPreview = formatCommandPreview(commandText, 500);
-  const commandSecondaryPreview = formatOptionalCommandPreview(
-    params.request.request.commandPreview,
-    300,
+  const { commandText, commandPreview: secondaryPreview } = resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay(
+    params.request.request,
   );
+  const commandPreview = formatCommandPreview(commandText, 500);
+  const commandSecondaryPreview = formatOptionalCommandPreview(secondaryPreview, 300);
 
   return new ExecApprovalContainer({
     cfg: params.cfg,
diff --git a/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.test.ts b/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.test.ts
index 8d52097d66e..01c50efdc12 100644
--- a/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.test.ts
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ describe("sanitizeSystemRunParamsForForwarding", () => {
     record.request.systemRunPlan = {
       argv: ["/usr/bin/echo", "SAFE"],
       cwd: "/real/cwd",
-      rawCommand: "/usr/bin/echo SAFE",
+      commandText: "/usr/bin/echo SAFE",
       agentId: "main",
       sessionKey: "agent:main:main",
     };
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ describe("sanitizeSystemRunParamsForForwarding", () => {
       expect.objectContaining({
         argv: ["/usr/bin/echo", "SAFE"],
         cwd: "/real/cwd",
-        rawCommand: "/usr/bin/echo SAFE",
+        commandText: "/usr/bin/echo SAFE",
         agentId: "main",
         sessionKey: "agent:main:main",
       }),
diff --git a/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.ts b/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.ts
index b077204e4ba..407c461db8d 100644
--- a/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/node-invoke-system-run-approval.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { resolveSystemRunApprovalRuntimeContext } from "../infra/system-run-approval-context.js";
-import { resolveSystemRunCommand } from "../infra/system-run-command.js";
+import { resolveSystemRunCommandRequest } from "../infra/system-run-command.js";
 import type { ExecApprovalRecord } from "./exec-approval-manager.js";
 import {
   systemRunApprovalGuardError,
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export function sanitizeSystemRunParamsForForwarding(opts: {
   const next: Record<string, unknown> = pickSystemRunParams(obj);
 
   if (!wantsApprovalOverride) {
-    const cmdTextResolution = resolveSystemRunCommand({
+    const cmdTextResolution = resolveSystemRunCommandRequest({
       command: p.command,
       rawCommand: p.rawCommand,
     });
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ export function sanitizeSystemRunParamsForForwarding(opts: {
   if (runtimeContext.plan) {
     next.command = [...runtimeContext.plan.argv];
     next.systemRunPlan = runtimeContext.plan;
-    if (runtimeContext.rawCommand) {
-      next.rawCommand = runtimeContext.rawCommand;
+    if (runtimeContext.commandText) {
+      next.rawCommand = runtimeContext.commandText;
     } else {
       delete next.rawCommand;
     }
diff --git a/src/gateway/protocol/schema/exec-approvals.ts b/src/gateway/protocol/schema/exec-approvals.ts
index 10efbc85112..49953a12704 100644
--- a/src/gateway/protocol/schema/exec-approvals.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/protocol/schema/exec-approvals.ts
@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ export const ExecApprovalsNodeSetParamsSchema = Type.Object(
 export const ExecApprovalRequestParamsSchema = Type.Object(
   {
     id: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
-    command: NonEmptyString,
+    command: Type.Optional(NonEmptyString),
     commandArgv: Type.Optional(Type.Array(Type.String())),
     systemRunPlan: Type.Optional(
       Type.Object(
         {
           argv: Type.Array(Type.String()),
           cwd: Type.Union([Type.String(), Type.Null()]),
-          rawCommand: Type.Union([Type.String(), Type.Null()]),
+          commandText: Type.String(),
           commandPreview: Type.Optional(Type.Union([Type.String(), Type.Null()])),
           agentId: Type.Union([Type.String(), Type.Null()]),
           sessionKey: Type.Union([Type.String(), Type.Null()]),
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/exec-approval.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/exec-approval.ts
index a5aae36fdab..07dd8546c3f 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods/exec-approval.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/exec-approval.ts
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ export function createExecApprovalHandlers(
       const effectiveAgentId = approvalContext.agentId;
       const effectiveSessionKey = approvalContext.sessionKey;
       const effectiveCommandText = approvalContext.commandText;
-      const effectiveCommandPreview = approvalContext.commandPreview;
       if (host === "node" && !nodeId) {
         respond(
           false,
@@ -92,6 +91,10 @@ export function createExecApprovalHandlers(
         );
         return;
       }
+      if (!effectiveCommandText) {
+        respond(false, undefined, errorShape(ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST, "command is required"));
+        return;
+      }
       if (
         host === "node" &&
         (!Array.isArray(effectiveCommandArgv) || effectiveCommandArgv.length === 0)
@@ -123,8 +126,8 @@ export function createExecApprovalHandlers(
       }
       const request = {
         command: effectiveCommandText,
-        commandPreview: effectiveCommandPreview,
-        commandArgv: effectiveCommandArgv,
+        commandPreview: host === "node" ? undefined : approvalContext.commandPreview,
+        commandArgv: host === "node" ? undefined : effectiveCommandArgv,
         envKeys: systemRunBinding?.envKeys?.length ? systemRunBinding.envKeys : undefined,
         systemRunBinding: systemRunBinding?.binding ?? null,
         systemRunPlan: approvalContext.plan,
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-methods/server-methods.test.ts b/src/gateway/server-methods/server-methods.test.ts
index 9f4d8296fd0..51da6927f5e 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-methods/server-methods.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-methods/server-methods.test.ts
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ describe("exec approval handlers", () => {
     systemRunPlan: {
       argv: ["/usr/bin/echo", "ok"],
       cwd: "/tmp",
-      rawCommand: "/usr/bin/echo ok",
+      commandText: "/usr/bin/echo ok",
       agentId: "main",
       sessionKey: "agent:main:main",
     },
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ describe("exec approval handlers", () => {
       requestParams.systemRunPlan = {
         argv: commandArgv,
         cwd: cwdValue,
-        rawCommand: commandText,
+        commandText: commandText ?? commandArgv.join(" "),
         agentId:
           typeof (requestParams as { agentId?: unknown }).agentId === "string"
             ? ((requestParams as { agentId: string }).agentId ?? null)
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ describe("exec approval handlers", () => {
         systemRunPlan: {
           argv: ["/usr/bin/echo", "ok"],
           cwd: "/real/cwd",
-          rawCommand: "/usr/bin/echo ok",
+          commandText: "/usr/bin/echo ok",
           commandPreview: "echo ok",
           agentId: "main",
           sessionKey: "agent:main:main",
@@ -597,15 +597,15 @@ describe("exec approval handlers", () => {
     expect(requested).toBeTruthy();
     const request = (requested?.payload as { request?: Record<string, unknown> })?.request ?? {};
     expect(request["command"]).toBe("/usr/bin/echo ok");
-    expect(request["commandPreview"]).toBe("echo ok");
-    expect(request["commandArgv"]).toEqual(["/usr/bin/echo", "ok"]);
+    expect(request["commandPreview"]).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(request["commandArgv"]).toBeUndefined();
     expect(request["cwd"]).toBe("/real/cwd");
     expect(request["agentId"]).toBe("main");
     expect(request["sessionKey"]).toBe("agent:main:main");
     expect(request["systemRunPlan"]).toEqual({
       argv: ["/usr/bin/echo", "ok"],
       cwd: "/real/cwd",
-      rawCommand: "/usr/bin/echo ok",
+      commandText: "/usr/bin/echo ok",
       commandPreview: "echo ok",
       agentId: "main",
       sessionKey: "agent:main:main",
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ describe("exec approval handlers", () => {
         systemRunPlan: {
           argv: ["./env", "sh", "-c", "jq --version"],
           cwd: "/real/cwd",
-          rawCommand: './env sh -c "jq --version"',
+          commandText: './env sh -c "jq --version"',
           agentId: "main",
           sessionKey: "agent:main:main",
         },
@@ -635,7 +635,10 @@ describe("exec approval handlers", () => {
     expect(requested).toBeTruthy();
     const request = (requested?.payload as { request?: Record<string, unknown> })?.request ?? {};
     expect(request["command"]).toBe('./env sh -c "jq --version"');
-    expect(request["commandPreview"]).toBe("jq --version");
+    expect(request["commandPreview"]).toBeUndefined();
+    expect((request["systemRunPlan"] as { commandPreview?: string }).commandPreview).toBe(
+      "jq --version",
+    );
   });
 
   it("accepts resolve during broadcast", async () => {
diff --git a/src/infra/exec-approval-command-display.ts b/src/infra/exec-approval-command-display.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5b00625ef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/exec-approval-command-display.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import type { ExecApprovalRequestPayload } from "./exec-approvals.js";
+
+function normalizePreview(commandText: string, commandPreview?: string | null): string | null {
+  const preview = commandPreview?.trim() ?? "";
+  if (!preview || preview === commandText) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return preview;
+}
+
+export function resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay(request: ExecApprovalRequestPayload): {
+  commandText: string;
+  commandPreview: string | null;
+} {
+  if (request.host === "node" && request.systemRunPlan) {
+    return {
+      commandText: request.systemRunPlan.commandText,
+      commandPreview: normalizePreview(
+        request.systemRunPlan.commandText,
+        request.systemRunPlan.commandPreview,
+      ),
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    commandText: request.command,
+    commandPreview: normalizePreview(request.command, request.commandPreview),
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.ts b/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.ts
index a412e2495e8..ca9abbc80b5 100644
--- a/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.ts
+++ b/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   normalizeMessageChannel,
   type DeliverableMessageChannel,
 } from "../utils/message-channel.js";
+import { resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay } from "./exec-approval-command-display.js";
 import { buildExecApprovalPendingReplyPayload } from "./exec-approval-reply.js";
 import type {
   ExecApprovalDecision,
@@ -211,7 +212,9 @@ function formatApprovalCommand(command: string): { inline: boolean; text: string
 
 function buildRequestMessage(request: ExecApprovalRequest, nowMs: number) {
   const lines: string[] = ["🔒 Exec approval required", `ID: ${request.id}`];
-  const command = formatApprovalCommand(request.request.command);
+  const command = formatApprovalCommand(
+    resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay(request.request).commandText,
+  );
   if (command.inline) {
     lines.push(`Command: ${command.text}`);
   } else {
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ function buildRequestPayloadForTarget(
       approvalId: request.id,
       approvalSlug: request.id.slice(0, 8),
       approvalCommandId: request.id,
-      command: request.request.command,
+      command: resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay(request.request).commandText,
       cwd: request.request.cwd ?? undefined,
       host: request.request.host === "node" ? "node" : "gateway",
       nodeId: request.request.nodeId ?? undefined,
diff --git a/src/infra/exec-approvals.ts b/src/infra/exec-approvals.ts
index d54bdf8880c..5d169ab3e4c 100644
--- a/src/infra/exec-approvals.ts
+++ b/src/infra/exec-approvals.ts
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ export type SystemRunApprovalFileOperand = {
 export type SystemRunApprovalPlan = {
   argv: string[];
   cwd: string | null;
-  rawCommand: string | null;
+  commandText: string;
   commandPreview?: string | null;
   agentId: string | null;
   sessionKey: string | null;
diff --git a/src/infra/system-run-approval-binding.ts b/src/infra/system-run-approval-binding.ts
index d5338c34d1d..87a137014f1 100644
--- a/src/infra/system-run-approval-binding.ts
+++ b/src/infra/system-run-approval-binding.ts
@@ -50,10 +50,15 @@ export function normalizeSystemRunApprovalPlan(value: unknown): SystemRunApprova
   if (candidate.mutableFileOperand !== undefined && mutableFileOperand === null) {
     return null;
   }
+  const commandText =
+    normalizeNonEmptyString(candidate.commandText) ?? normalizeNonEmptyString(candidate.rawCommand);
+  if (!commandText) {
+    return null;
+  }
   return {
     argv,
     cwd: normalizeNonEmptyString(candidate.cwd),
-    rawCommand: normalizeNonEmptyString(candidate.rawCommand),
+    commandText,
     commandPreview: normalizeNonEmptyString(candidate.commandPreview),
     agentId: normalizeNonEmptyString(candidate.agentId),
     sessionKey: normalizeNonEmptyString(candidate.sessionKey),
diff --git a/src/infra/system-run-approval-context.test.ts b/src/infra/system-run-approval-context.test.ts
index da1ac63e261..fbd0e805a22 100644
--- a/src/infra/system-run-approval-context.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/system-run-approval-context.test.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ describe("resolveSystemRunApprovalRequestContext", () => {
       systemRunPlan: {
         argv: ["./env", "sh", "-c", "jq --version"],
         cwd: "/tmp",
-        rawCommand: './env sh -c "jq --version"',
+        commandText: './env sh -c "jq --version"',
         commandPreview: "jq --version",
         agentId: "main",
         sessionKey: "agent:main:main",
diff --git a/src/infra/system-run-approval-context.ts b/src/infra/system-run-approval-context.ts
index 13dcc0f90a0..870d3351339 100644
--- a/src/infra/system-run-approval-context.ts
+++ b/src/infra/system-run-approval-context.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import type { SystemRunApprovalPlan } from "./exec-approvals.js";
 import { normalizeSystemRunApprovalPlan } from "./system-run-approval-binding.js";
-import { formatExecCommand, resolveSystemRunCommand } from "./system-run-command.js";
+import { formatExecCommand, resolveSystemRunCommandRequest } from "./system-run-command.js";
 import { normalizeNonEmptyString, normalizeStringArray } from "./system-run-normalize.js";
 
 type PreparedRunPayload = {
-  cmdText: string;
   plan: SystemRunApprovalPlan;
 };
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ type SystemRunApprovalRuntimeContext =
       cwd: string | null;
       agentId: string | null;
       sessionKey: string | null;
-      rawCommand: string | null;
+      commandText: string;
     }
   | {
       ok: false;
@@ -53,13 +52,33 @@ export function parsePreparedSystemRunPayload(payload: unknown): PreparedRunPayl
   if (!payload || typeof payload !== "object" || Array.isArray(payload)) {
     return null;
   }
-  const raw = payload as { cmdText?: unknown; plan?: unknown };
-  const cmdText = normalizeNonEmptyString(raw.cmdText);
+  const raw = payload as { plan?: unknown; commandText?: unknown; cmdText?: unknown };
   const plan = normalizeSystemRunApprovalPlan(raw.plan);
-  if (!cmdText || !plan) {
+  if (plan) {
+    return { plan };
+  }
+  if (!raw.plan || typeof raw.plan !== "object" || Array.isArray(raw.plan)) {
     return null;
   }
-  return { cmdText, plan };
+  const legacyPlan = raw.plan as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const argv = normalizeStringArray(legacyPlan.argv);
+  const commandText =
+    normalizeNonEmptyString(legacyPlan.rawCommand) ??
+    normalizeNonEmptyString(raw.commandText) ??
+    normalizeNonEmptyString(raw.cmdText);
+  if (argv.length === 0 || !commandText) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return {
+    plan: {
+      argv,
+      cwd: normalizeNonEmptyString(legacyPlan.cwd),
+      commandText,
+      commandPreview: normalizeNonEmptyString(legacyPlan.commandPreview),
+      agentId: normalizeNonEmptyString(legacyPlan.agentId),
+      sessionKey: normalizeNonEmptyString(legacyPlan.sessionKey),
+    },
+  };
 }
 
 export function resolveSystemRunApprovalRequestContext(params: {
@@ -72,17 +91,22 @@ export function resolveSystemRunApprovalRequestContext(params: {
   sessionKey?: unknown;
 }): SystemRunApprovalRequestContext {
   const host = normalizeNonEmptyString(params.host) ?? "";
-  const plan = host === "node" ? normalizeSystemRunApprovalPlan(params.systemRunPlan) : null;
+  const normalizedPlan =
+    host === "node" ? normalizeSystemRunApprovalPlan(params.systemRunPlan) : null;
   const fallbackArgv = normalizeStringArray(params.commandArgv);
   const fallbackCommand = normalizeCommandText(params.command);
-  const commandText = plan ? (plan.rawCommand ?? formatExecCommand(plan.argv)) : fallbackCommand;
+  const commandText = normalizedPlan
+    ? normalizedPlan.commandText || formatExecCommand(normalizedPlan.argv)
+    : fallbackCommand;
+  const commandPreview = normalizedPlan
+    ? normalizeCommandPreview(normalizedPlan.commandPreview ?? fallbackCommand, commandText)
+    : null;
+  const plan = normalizedPlan ? { ...normalizedPlan, commandPreview } : null;
   return {
     plan,
     commandArgv: plan?.argv ?? (fallbackArgv.length > 0 ? fallbackArgv : undefined),
     commandText,
-    commandPreview: plan
-      ? normalizeCommandPreview(plan.commandPreview ?? fallbackCommand, commandText)
-      : null,
+    commandPreview,
     cwd: plan?.cwd ?? normalizeNonEmptyString(params.cwd),
     agentId: plan?.agentId ?? normalizeNonEmptyString(params.agentId),
     sessionKey: plan?.sessionKey ?? normalizeNonEmptyString(params.sessionKey),
@@ -106,10 +130,10 @@ export function resolveSystemRunApprovalRuntimeContext(params: {
       cwd: normalizedPlan.cwd,
       agentId: normalizedPlan.agentId,
       sessionKey: normalizedPlan.sessionKey,
-      rawCommand: normalizedPlan.rawCommand,
+      commandText: normalizedPlan.commandText,
     };
   }
-  const command = resolveSystemRunCommand({
+  const command = resolveSystemRunCommandRequest({
     command: params.command,
     rawCommand: params.rawCommand,
   });
@@ -123,6 +147,6 @@ export function resolveSystemRunApprovalRuntimeContext(params: {
     cwd: normalizeNonEmptyString(params.cwd),
     agentId: normalizeNonEmptyString(params.agentId),
     sessionKey: normalizeNonEmptyString(params.sessionKey),
-    rawCommand: normalizeNonEmptyString(params.rawCommand),
+    commandText: command.commandText,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/infra/system-run-command.contract.test.ts b/src/infra/system-run-command.contract.test.ts
index a0555355d42..1e106eb6c8c 100644
--- a/src/infra/system-run-command.contract.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/system-run-command.contract.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
-import { resolveSystemRunCommand } from "./system-run-command.js";
+import { resolveSystemRunCommandRequest } from "./system-run-command.js";
 
 type ContractFixture = {
   cases: ContractCase[];
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ const fixture = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(fixturePath, "utf8")) as ContractFixt
 describe("system-run command contract fixtures", () => {
   for (const entry of fixture.cases) {
     test(entry.name, () => {
-      const result = resolveSystemRunCommand({
+      const result = resolveSystemRunCommandRequest({
         command: entry.command,
         rawCommand: entry.rawCommand,
       });
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe("system-run command contract fixtures", () => {
       if (!result.ok) {
         throw new Error(`unexpected validation failure: ${result.message}`);
       }
-      expect(result.cmdText).toBe(entry.expected.displayCommand);
+      expect(result.commandText).toBe(entry.expected.displayCommand);
     });
   }
 });
diff --git a/src/infra/system-run-command.test.ts b/src/infra/system-run-command.test.ts
index 52d89c0f248..e9e5d17da2e 100644
--- a/src/infra/system-run-command.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/system-run-command.test.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
   extractShellCommandFromArgv,
   formatExecCommand,
   resolveSystemRunCommand,
+  resolveSystemRunCommandRequest,
   validateSystemRunCommandConsistency,
 } from "./system-run-command.js";
 
@@ -89,8 +90,8 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
     if (!res.ok) {
       throw new Error("unreachable");
     }
-    expect(res.shellCommand).toBe(null);
-    expect(res.cmdText).toBe("echo hi");
+    expect(res.shellPayload).toBe(null);
+    expect(res.commandText).toBe("echo hi");
   });
 
   test("validateSystemRunCommandConsistency rejects mismatched rawCommand vs direct argv", () => {
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
     const res = validateSystemRunCommandConsistency({
       argv: ["/bin/sh", "-lc", "echo hi"],
       rawCommand: "echo hi",
+      allowLegacyShellText: true,
     });
     expect(res.ok).toBe(true);
     if (!res.ok) {
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
     const res = validateSystemRunCommandConsistency({
       argv: ["/usr/bin/env", "bash", "-lc", "echo hi"],
       rawCommand: "echo hi",
+      allowLegacyShellText: true,
     });
     expect(res.ok).toBe(true);
     if (!res.ok) {
@@ -148,8 +151,8 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
     if (!res.ok) {
       throw new Error("unreachable");
     }
-    expect(res.shellCommand).toBe("echo hi");
-    expect(res.cmdText).toBe(raw);
+    expect(res.shellPayload).toBe("echo hi");
+    expect(res.commandText).toBe(raw);
     expect(res.previewText).toBe(null);
   });
 
@@ -177,8 +180,8 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
     expect(res.details?.code).toBe("MISSING_COMMAND");
   });
 
-  test("resolveSystemRunCommand returns normalized argv and cmdText", () => {
-    const res = resolveSystemRunCommand({
+  test("resolveSystemRunCommandRequest accepts legacy shell payloads but returns canonical command text", () => {
+    const res = resolveSystemRunCommandRequest({
       command: ["cmd.exe", "/d", "/s", "/c", "echo", "SAFE&&whoami"],
       rawCommand: "echo SAFE&&whoami",
     });
@@ -187,12 +190,12 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
       throw new Error("unreachable");
     }
     expect(res.argv).toEqual(["cmd.exe", "/d", "/s", "/c", "echo", "SAFE&&whoami"]);
-    expect(res.shellCommand).toBe("echo SAFE&&whoami");
-    expect(res.cmdText).toBe("echo SAFE&&whoami");
+    expect(res.shellPayload).toBe("echo SAFE&&whoami");
+    expect(res.commandText).toBe("cmd.exe /d /s /c echo SAFE&&whoami");
     expect(res.previewText).toBe("echo SAFE&&whoami");
   });
 
-  test("resolveSystemRunCommand binds cmdText to full argv for shell-wrapper positional-argv carriers", () => {
+  test("resolveSystemRunCommand binds commandText to full argv for shell-wrapper positional-argv carriers", () => {
     const res = resolveSystemRunCommand({
       command: ["/bin/sh", "-lc", '$0 "$1"', "/usr/bin/touch", "/tmp/marker"],
     });
@@ -200,12 +203,12 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
     if (!res.ok) {
       throw new Error("unreachable");
     }
-    expect(res.shellCommand).toBe('$0 "$1"');
-    expect(res.cmdText).toBe('/bin/sh -lc "$0 \\"$1\\"" /usr/bin/touch /tmp/marker');
+    expect(res.shellPayload).toBe('$0 "$1"');
+    expect(res.commandText).toBe('/bin/sh -lc "$0 \\"$1\\"" /usr/bin/touch /tmp/marker');
     expect(res.previewText).toBe(null);
   });
 
-  test("resolveSystemRunCommand binds cmdText to full argv when env prelude modifies shell wrapper", () => {
+  test("resolveSystemRunCommand binds commandText to full argv when env prelude modifies shell wrapper", () => {
     const res = resolveSystemRunCommand({
       command: ["/usr/bin/env", "BASH_ENV=/tmp/payload.sh", "bash", "-lc", "echo hi"],
     });
@@ -213,12 +216,12 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
     if (!res.ok) {
       throw new Error("unreachable");
     }
-    expect(res.shellCommand).toBe("echo hi");
-    expect(res.cmdText).toBe('/usr/bin/env BASH_ENV=/tmp/payload.sh bash -lc "echo hi"');
+    expect(res.shellPayload).toBe("echo hi");
+    expect(res.commandText).toBe('/usr/bin/env BASH_ENV=/tmp/payload.sh bash -lc "echo hi"');
     expect(res.previewText).toBe(null);
   });
 
-  test("resolveSystemRunCommand keeps wrapper preview separate from approval text", () => {
+  test("resolveSystemRunCommand keeps wrapper preview separate from canonical command text", () => {
     const res = resolveSystemRunCommand({
       command: ["./env", "sh", "-c", "jq --version"],
     });
@@ -226,7 +229,7 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
     if (!res.ok) {
       throw new Error("unreachable");
     }
-    expect(res.cmdText).toBe("jq --version");
+    expect(res.commandText).toBe('./env sh -c "jq --version"');
     expect(res.previewText).toBe("jq --version");
   });
 
@@ -239,8 +242,20 @@ describe("system run command helpers", () => {
     if (!res.ok) {
       throw new Error("unreachable");
     }
-    expect(res.cmdText).toBe('./env sh -c "jq --version"');
+    expect(res.commandText).toBe('./env sh -c "jq --version"');
     expect(res.previewText).toBe("jq --version");
-    expect(res.shellCommand).toBe("jq --version");
+    expect(res.shellPayload).toBe("jq --version");
+  });
+
+  test("resolveSystemRunCommand rejects legacy shell payload text in strict mode", () => {
+    const res = resolveSystemRunCommand({
+      command: ["/bin/sh", "-lc", "echo hi"],
+      rawCommand: "echo hi",
+    });
+    expect(res.ok).toBe(false);
+    if (res.ok) {
+      throw new Error("unreachable");
+    }
+    expect(res.message).toContain("rawCommand does not match command");
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/infra/system-run-command.ts b/src/infra/system-run-command.ts
index b686bb3abcf..12a5d32485d 100644
--- a/src/infra/system-run-command.ts
+++ b/src/infra/system-run-command.ts
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import {
 export type SystemRunCommandValidation =
   | {
       ok: true;
-      shellCommand: string | null;
-      cmdText: string;
+      shellPayload: string | null;
+      commandText: string;
       previewText: string | null;
     }
   | {
@@ -28,9 +28,8 @@ export type ResolvedSystemRunCommand =
   | {
       ok: true;
       argv: string[];
-      rawCommand: string | null;
-      shellCommand: string | null;
-      cmdText: string;
+      commandText: string;
+      shellPayload: string | null;
       previewText: string | null;
     }
   | {
@@ -58,6 +57,12 @@ export function extractShellCommandFromArgv(argv: string[]): string | null {
   return extractShellWrapperCommand(argv).command;
 }
 
+type SystemRunCommandDisplay = {
+  shellPayload: string | null;
+  commandText: string;
+  previewText: string | null;
+};
+
 const POSIX_OR_POWERSHELL_INLINE_WRAPPER_NAMES = new Set([
   "ash",
   "bash",
@@ -100,29 +105,42 @@ function hasTrailingPositionalArgvAfterInlineCommand(argv: string[]): boolean {
   return wrapperArgv.slice(inlineCommandIndex + 1).some((entry) => entry.trim().length > 0);
 }
 
+function buildSystemRunCommandDisplay(argv: string[]): SystemRunCommandDisplay {
+  const shellWrapperResolution = extractShellWrapperCommand(argv);
+  const shellPayload = shellWrapperResolution.command;
+  const shellWrapperPositionalArgv = hasTrailingPositionalArgvAfterInlineCommand(argv);
+  const envManipulationBeforeShellWrapper =
+    shellWrapperResolution.isWrapper && hasEnvManipulationBeforeShellWrapper(argv);
+  const formattedArgv = formatExecCommand(argv);
+  const previewText =
+    shellPayload !== null && !envManipulationBeforeShellWrapper && !shellWrapperPositionalArgv
+      ? shellPayload.trim()
+      : null;
+  return {
+    shellPayload,
+    commandText: formattedArgv,
+    previewText,
+  };
+}
+
+function normalizeRawCommandText(rawCommand?: unknown): string | null {
+  return typeof rawCommand === "string" && rawCommand.trim().length > 0 ? rawCommand.trim() : null;
+}
+
 export function validateSystemRunCommandConsistency(params: {
   argv: string[];
   rawCommand?: string | null;
+  allowLegacyShellText?: boolean;
 }): SystemRunCommandValidation {
-  const raw =
-    typeof params.rawCommand === "string" && params.rawCommand.trim().length > 0
-      ? params.rawCommand.trim()
-      : null;
-  const shellWrapperResolution = extractShellWrapperCommand(params.argv);
-  const shellCommand = shellWrapperResolution.command;
-  const shellWrapperPositionalArgv = hasTrailingPositionalArgvAfterInlineCommand(params.argv);
-  const envManipulationBeforeShellWrapper =
-    shellWrapperResolution.isWrapper && hasEnvManipulationBeforeShellWrapper(params.argv);
-  const mustBindDisplayToFullArgv = envManipulationBeforeShellWrapper || shellWrapperPositionalArgv;
-  const formattedArgv = formatExecCommand(params.argv);
-  const legacyShellText =
-    shellCommand !== null && !mustBindDisplayToFullArgv ? shellCommand.trim() : null;
-  const previewText = legacyShellText;
-  const cmdText = raw ?? legacyShellText ?? formattedArgv;
+  const raw = normalizeRawCommandText(params.rawCommand);
+  const display = buildSystemRunCommandDisplay(params.argv);
 
   if (raw) {
-    const matchesCanonicalArgv = raw === formattedArgv;
-    const matchesLegacyShellText = legacyShellText !== null && raw === legacyShellText;
+    const matchesCanonicalArgv = raw === display.commandText;
+    const matchesLegacyShellText =
+      params.allowLegacyShellText === true &&
+      display.previewText !== null &&
+      raw === display.previewText;
     if (!matchesCanonicalArgv && !matchesLegacyShellText) {
       return {
         ok: false,
@@ -130,8 +148,8 @@ export function validateSystemRunCommandConsistency(params: {
         details: {
           code: "RAW_COMMAND_MISMATCH",
           rawCommand: raw,
-          inferred: legacyShellText ?? formattedArgv,
-          formattedArgv,
+          inferred: display.commandText,
+          formattedArgv: display.commandText,
         },
       };
     }
@@ -139,10 +157,9 @@ export function validateSystemRunCommandConsistency(params: {
 
   return {
     ok: true,
-    // Only treat this as a shell command when argv is a recognized shell wrapper.
-    shellCommand: shellCommand !== null ? shellCommand : null,
-    cmdText,
-    previewText,
+    shellPayload: display.shellPayload,
+    commandText: display.commandText,
+    previewText: display.previewText,
   };
 }
 
@@ -150,10 +167,7 @@ export function resolveSystemRunCommand(params: {
   command?: unknown;
   rawCommand?: unknown;
 }): ResolvedSystemRunCommand {
-  const raw =
-    typeof params.rawCommand === "string" && params.rawCommand.trim().length > 0
-      ? params.rawCommand.trim()
-      : null;
+  const raw = normalizeRawCommandText(params.rawCommand);
   const command = Array.isArray(params.command) ? params.command : [];
   if (command.length === 0) {
     if (raw) {
@@ -166,9 +180,8 @@ export function resolveSystemRunCommand(params: {
     return {
       ok: true,
       argv: [],
-      rawCommand: null,
-      shellCommand: null,
-      cmdText: "",
+      commandText: "",
+      shellPayload: null,
       previewText: null,
     };
   }
@@ -177,6 +190,7 @@ export function resolveSystemRunCommand(params: {
   const validation = validateSystemRunCommandConsistency({
     argv,
     rawCommand: raw,
+    allowLegacyShellText: false,
   });
   if (!validation.ok) {
     return {
@@ -189,9 +203,54 @@ export function resolveSystemRunCommand(params: {
   return {
     ok: true,
     argv,
-    rawCommand: raw,
-    shellCommand: validation.shellCommand,
-    cmdText: validation.cmdText,
+    commandText: validation.commandText,
+    shellPayload: validation.shellPayload,
+    previewText: validation.previewText,
+  };
+}
+
+export function resolveSystemRunCommandRequest(params: {
+  command?: unknown;
+  rawCommand?: unknown;
+}): ResolvedSystemRunCommand {
+  const raw = normalizeRawCommandText(params.rawCommand);
+  const command = Array.isArray(params.command) ? params.command : [];
+  if (command.length === 0) {
+    if (raw) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        message: "rawCommand requires params.command",
+        details: { code: "MISSING_COMMAND" },
+      };
+    }
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      argv: [],
+      commandText: "",
+      shellPayload: null,
+      previewText: null,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const argv = command.map((v) => String(v));
+  const validation = validateSystemRunCommandConsistency({
+    argv,
+    rawCommand: raw,
+    allowLegacyShellText: true,
+  });
+  if (!validation.ok) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      message: validation.message,
+      details: validation.details ?? { code: "RAW_COMMAND_MISMATCH" },
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    argv,
+    commandText: validation.commandText,
+    shellPayload: validation.shellPayload,
     previewText: validation.previewText,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/node-host/invoke-system-run-plan.test.ts b/src/node-host/invoke-system-run-plan.test.ts
index 56f764817dc..c7ba0657df1 100644
--- a/src/node-host/invoke-system-run-plan.test.ts
+++ b/src/node-host/invoke-system-run-plan.test.ts
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ describe("hardenApprovedExecutionPaths", () => {
       mode: "build-plan",
       argv: ["env", "sh", "-c", "echo SAFE"],
       expectedArgv: () => ["env", "sh", "-c", "echo SAFE"],
-      expectedCmdText: "echo SAFE",
+      expectedCmdText: 'env sh -c "echo SAFE"',
       expectedCommandPreview: "echo SAFE",
     },
     {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ describe("hardenApprovedExecutionPaths", () => {
       mode: "build-plan",
       argv: ["./env", "sh", "-c", "echo SAFE"],
       expectedArgv: () => ["./env", "sh", "-c", "echo SAFE"],
-      expectedCmdText: "echo SAFE",
+      expectedCmdText: './env sh -c "echo SAFE"',
       checkRawCommandMatchesArgv: true,
       expectedCommandPreview: "echo SAFE",
     },
@@ -175,10 +175,10 @@ describe("hardenApprovedExecutionPaths", () => {
           }
           expect(prepared.plan.argv).toEqual(testCase.expectedArgv({ pathToken }));
           if (testCase.expectedCmdText) {
-            expect(prepared.cmdText).toBe(testCase.expectedCmdText);
+            expect(prepared.plan.commandText).toBe(testCase.expectedCmdText);
           }
           if (testCase.checkRawCommandMatchesArgv) {
-            expect(prepared.plan.rawCommand).toBe(formatExecCommand(prepared.plan.argv));
+            expect(prepared.plan.commandText).toBe(formatExecCommand(prepared.plan.argv));
           }
           if ("expectedCommandPreview" in testCase) {
             expect(prepared.plan.commandPreview ?? null).toBe(testCase.expectedCommandPreview);
diff --git a/src/node-host/invoke-system-run-plan.ts b/src/node-host/invoke-system-run-plan.ts
index 2465f540c39..e58738c9680 100644
--- a/src/node-host/invoke-system-run-plan.ts
+++ b/src/node-host/invoke-system-run-plan.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
   POSIX_INLINE_COMMAND_FLAGS,
   resolveInlineCommandMatch,
 } from "../infra/shell-inline-command.js";
-import { formatExecCommand, resolveSystemRunCommand } from "../infra/system-run-command.js";
+import { formatExecCommand, resolveSystemRunCommandRequest } from "../infra/system-run-command.js";
 
 export type ApprovedCwdSnapshot = {
   cwd: string;
@@ -630,8 +630,8 @@ export function buildSystemRunApprovalPlan(params: {
   cwd?: unknown;
   agentId?: unknown;
   sessionKey?: unknown;
-}): { ok: true; plan: SystemRunApprovalPlan; cmdText: string } | { ok: false; message: string } {
-  const command = resolveSystemRunCommand({
+}): { ok: true; plan: SystemRunApprovalPlan } | { ok: false; message: string } {
+  const command = resolveSystemRunCommandRequest({
     command: params.command,
     rawCommand: params.rawCommand,
   });
@@ -644,15 +644,15 @@ export function buildSystemRunApprovalPlan(params: {
   const hardening = hardenApprovedExecutionPaths({
     approvedByAsk: true,
     argv: command.argv,
-    shellCommand: command.shellCommand,
+    shellCommand: command.shellPayload,
     cwd: normalizeString(params.cwd) ?? undefined,
   });
   if (!hardening.ok) {
     return { ok: false, message: hardening.message };
   }
-  const rawCommand = formatExecCommand(hardening.argv) || null;
+  const commandText = formatExecCommand(hardening.argv);
   const commandPreview =
-    command.previewText?.trim() && command.previewText.trim() !== rawCommand
+    command.previewText?.trim() && command.previewText.trim() !== commandText
       ? command.previewText.trim()
       : null;
   const mutableFileOperand = resolveMutableFileOperandSnapshotSync({
@@ -667,12 +667,11 @@ export function buildSystemRunApprovalPlan(params: {
     plan: {
       argv: hardening.argv,
       cwd: hardening.cwd ?? null,
-      rawCommand,
+      commandText,
       commandPreview,
       agentId: normalizeString(params.agentId),
       sessionKey: normalizeString(params.sessionKey),
       mutableFileOperand: mutableFileOperand.snapshot ?? undefined,
     },
-    cmdText: commandPreview ?? rawCommand ?? formatExecCommand(hardening.argv),
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/node-host/invoke-system-run.test.ts b/src/node-host/invoke-system-run.test.ts
index dfbcc6b028a..c4e5bc345f6 100644
--- a/src/node-host/invoke-system-run.test.ts
+++ b/src/node-host/invoke-system-run.test.ts
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ describe("handleSystemRunInvoke mac app exec host routing", () => {
     expectInvokeOk(sendInvokeResult, { payloadContains: "app-ok" });
   });
 
-  it("forwards canonical cmdText to mac app exec host for positional-argv shell wrappers", async () => {
+  it("forwards canonical command text to mac app exec host for positional-argv shell wrappers", async () => {
     const { runViaMacAppExecHost } = await runSystemInvoke({
       preferMacAppExecHost: true,
       command: ["/bin/sh", "-lc", '$0 "$1"', "/usr/bin/touch", "/tmp/marker"],
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ describe("handleSystemRunInvoke mac app exec host routing", () => {
             approvals: expect.anything(),
             request: expect.objectContaining({
               command: ["env", "sh", "-c", "echo SAFE"],
-              rawCommand: "echo SAFE",
+              rawCommand: 'env sh -c "echo SAFE"',
               cwd: canonicalCwd,
             }),
           });
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ describe("handleSystemRunInvoke mac app exec host routing", () => {
           const { runCommand, sendInvokeResult } = await runSystemInvoke({
             preferMacAppExecHost: false,
             command: prepared.plan.argv,
-            rawCommand: prepared.plan.rawCommand,
+            rawCommand: prepared.plan.commandText,
             approved: true,
             security: "full",
             ask: "off",
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ describe("handleSystemRunInvoke mac app exec host routing", () => {
       const { runCommand, sendInvokeResult } = await runSystemInvoke({
         preferMacAppExecHost: false,
         command: prepared.plan.argv,
-        rawCommand: prepared.plan.rawCommand,
+        rawCommand: prepared.plan.commandText,
         systemRunPlan: prepared.plan,
         cwd: prepared.plan.cwd ?? tmp,
         approved: true,
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ describe("handleSystemRunInvoke mac app exec host routing", () => {
       const { runCommand, sendInvokeResult } = await runSystemInvoke({
         preferMacAppExecHost: false,
         command: prepared.plan.argv,
-        rawCommand: prepared.plan.rawCommand,
+        rawCommand: prepared.plan.commandText,
         systemRunPlan: prepared.plan,
         cwd: prepared.plan.cwd ?? tmp,
         approved: true,
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ describe("handleSystemRunInvoke mac app exec host routing", () => {
             const { runCommand, sendInvokeResult } = await runSystemInvoke({
               preferMacAppExecHost: false,
               command: prepared.plan.argv,
-              rawCommand: prepared.plan.rawCommand,
+              rawCommand: prepared.plan.commandText,
               systemRunPlan: prepared.plan,
               cwd: prepared.plan.cwd ?? tmp,
               approved: true,
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ describe("handleSystemRunInvoke mac app exec host routing", () => {
             const { runCommand, sendInvokeResult } = await runSystemInvoke({
               preferMacAppExecHost: false,
               command: prepared.plan.argv,
-              rawCommand: prepared.plan.rawCommand,
+              rawCommand: prepared.plan.commandText,
               systemRunPlan: prepared.plan,
               cwd: prepared.plan.cwd ?? tmp,
               approved: true,
diff --git a/src/node-host/invoke-system-run.ts b/src/node-host/invoke-system-run.ts
index ab4c836bf4b..3ed2a30d188 100644
--- a/src/node-host/invoke-system-run.ts
+++ b/src/node-host/invoke-system-run.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import type { ExecHostRequest, ExecHostResponse, ExecHostRunResult } from "../in
 import { resolveExecSafeBinRuntimePolicy } from "../infra/exec-safe-bin-runtime-policy.js";
 import { sanitizeSystemRunEnvOverrides } from "../infra/host-env-security.js";
 import { normalizeSystemRunApprovalPlan } from "../infra/system-run-approval-binding.js";
-import { resolveSystemRunCommand } from "../infra/system-run-command.js";
+import { resolveSystemRunCommandRequest } from "../infra/system-run-command.js";
 import { logWarn } from "../logger.js";
 import { evaluateSystemRunPolicy, resolveExecApprovalDecision } from "./exec-policy.js";
 import {
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ type SystemRunDeniedReason =
 type SystemRunExecutionContext = {
   sessionKey: string;
   runId: string;
-  cmdText: string;
+  commandText: string;
   suppressNotifyOnExit: boolean;
 };
 
@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@ type ResolvedExecApprovals = ReturnType<typeof resolveExecApprovals>;
 
 type SystemRunParsePhase = {
   argv: string[];
-  shellCommand: string | null;
-  cmdText: string;
+  shellPayload: string | null;
+  commandText: string;
+  commandPreview: string | null;
   approvalPlan: import("../infra/exec-approvals.js").SystemRunApprovalPlan | null;
   agentId: string | undefined;
   sessionKey: string;
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ async function sendSystemRunDenied(
       sessionKey: execution.sessionKey,
       runId: execution.runId,
       host: "node",
-      command: execution.cmdText,
+      command: execution.commandText,
       reason: params.reason,
       suppressNotifyOnExit: execution.suppressNotifyOnExit,
     }),
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ export { buildSystemRunApprovalPlan } from "./invoke-system-run-plan.js";
 async function parseSystemRunPhase(
   opts: HandleSystemRunInvokeOptions,
 ): Promise<SystemRunParsePhase | null> {
-  const command = resolveSystemRunCommand({
+  const command = resolveSystemRunCommandRequest({
     command: opts.params.command,
     rawCommand: opts.params.rawCommand,
   });
@@ -203,8 +204,8 @@ async function parseSystemRunPhase(
     return null;
   }
 
-  const shellCommand = command.shellCommand;
-  const cmdText = command.cmdText;
+  const shellPayload = command.shellPayload;
+  const commandText = command.commandText;
   const approvalPlan =
     opts.params.systemRunPlan === undefined
       ? null
@@ -222,17 +223,18 @@ async function parseSystemRunPhase(
   const suppressNotifyOnExit = opts.params.suppressNotifyOnExit === true;
   const envOverrides = sanitizeSystemRunEnvOverrides({
     overrides: opts.params.env ?? undefined,
-    shellWrapper: shellCommand !== null,
+    shellWrapper: shellPayload !== null,
   });
   return {
     argv: command.argv,
-    shellCommand,
-    cmdText,
+    shellPayload,
+    commandText,
+    commandPreview: command.previewText,
     approvalPlan,
     agentId,
     sessionKey,
     runId,
-    execution: { sessionKey, runId, cmdText, suppressNotifyOnExit },
+    execution: { sessionKey, runId, commandText, suppressNotifyOnExit },
     approvalDecision: resolveExecApprovalDecision(opts.params.approvalDecision),
     envOverrides,
     env: opts.sanitizeEnv(envOverrides),
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ async function evaluateSystemRunPolicyPhase(
   });
   const bins = autoAllowSkills ? await opts.skillBins.current() : [];
   let { analysisOk, allowlistMatches, allowlistSatisfied, segments } = evaluateSystemRunAllowlist({
-    shellCommand: parsed.shellCommand,
+    shellCommand: parsed.shellPayload,
     argv: parsed.argv,
     approvals,
     security,
@@ -283,7 +285,7 @@ async function evaluateSystemRunPolicyPhase(
     autoAllowSkills,
   });
   const isWindows = process.platform === "win32";
-  const cmdInvocation = parsed.shellCommand
+  const cmdInvocation = parsed.shellPayload
     ? opts.isCmdExeInvocation(segments[0]?.argv ?? [])
     : opts.isCmdExeInvocation(parsed.argv);
   const policy = evaluateSystemRunPolicy({
@@ -295,7 +297,7 @@ async function evaluateSystemRunPolicyPhase(
     approved: parsed.approved,
     isWindows,
     cmdInvocation,
-    shellWrapperInvocation: parsed.shellCommand !== null,
+    shellWrapperInvocation: parsed.shellPayload !== null,
   });
   analysisOk = policy.analysisOk;
   allowlistSatisfied = policy.allowlistSatisfied;
@@ -308,7 +310,7 @@ async function evaluateSystemRunPolicyPhase(
   }
 
   // Fail closed if policy/runtime drift re-allows unapproved shell wrappers.
-  if (security === "allowlist" && parsed.shellCommand && !policy.approvedByAsk) {
+  if (security === "allowlist" && parsed.shellPayload && !policy.approvedByAsk) {
     await sendSystemRunDenied(opts, parsed.execution, {
       reason: "approval-required",
       message: "SYSTEM_RUN_DENIED: approval required",
@@ -319,7 +321,7 @@ async function evaluateSystemRunPolicyPhase(
   const hardenedPaths = hardenApprovedExecutionPaths({
     approvedByAsk: policy.approvedByAsk,
     argv: parsed.argv,
-    shellCommand: parsed.shellCommand,
+    shellCommand: parsed.shellPayload,
     cwd: parsed.cwd,
   });
   if (!hardenedPaths.ok) {
@@ -340,7 +342,7 @@ async function evaluateSystemRunPolicyPhase(
 
   const plannedAllowlistArgv = resolvePlannedAllowlistArgv({
     security,
-    shellCommand: parsed.shellCommand,
+    shellCommand: parsed.shellPayload,
     policy,
     segments,
   });
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ async function executeSystemRunPhase(
       command: phase.plannedAllowlistArgv ?? phase.argv,
       // Forward canonical display text so companion approval/prompt surfaces bind to
       // the exact command context already validated on the node-host.
-      rawCommand: phase.cmdText || null,
+      rawCommand: phase.commandText || null,
       cwd: phase.cwd ?? null,
       env: phase.envOverrides ?? null,
       timeoutMs: phase.timeoutMs ?? null,
@@ -437,7 +439,7 @@ async function executeSystemRunPhase(
       await opts.sendExecFinishedEvent({
         sessionKey: phase.sessionKey,
         runId: phase.runId,
-        cmdText: phase.cmdText,
+        commandText: phase.commandText,
         result,
         suppressNotifyOnExit: phase.suppressNotifyOnExit,
       });
@@ -476,7 +478,7 @@ async function executeSystemRunPhase(
         phase.approvals.file,
         phase.agentId,
         match,
-        phase.cmdText,
+        phase.commandText,
         phase.segments[0]?.resolution?.resolvedPath,
       );
     }
@@ -496,7 +498,7 @@ async function executeSystemRunPhase(
     security: phase.security,
     isWindows: phase.isWindows,
     policy: phase.policy,
-    shellCommand: phase.shellCommand,
+    shellCommand: phase.shellPayload,
     segments: phase.segments,
   });
 
@@ -505,7 +507,7 @@ async function executeSystemRunPhase(
   await opts.sendExecFinishedEvent({
     sessionKey: phase.sessionKey,
     runId: phase.runId,
-    cmdText: phase.cmdText,
+    commandText: phase.commandText,
     result,
     suppressNotifyOnExit: phase.suppressNotifyOnExit,
   });
diff --git a/src/node-host/invoke-types.ts b/src/node-host/invoke-types.ts
index 369fd7b9c39..07de1def960 100644
--- a/src/node-host/invoke-types.ts
+++ b/src/node-host/invoke-types.ts
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export type ExecFinishedResult = {
 export type ExecFinishedEventParams = {
   sessionKey: string;
   runId: string;
-  cmdText: string;
+  commandText: string;
   result: ExecFinishedResult;
   suppressNotifyOnExit?: boolean;
 };
diff --git a/src/node-host/invoke.ts b/src/node-host/invoke.ts
index bb4e124a6a4..47bec4442ba 100644
--- a/src/node-host/invoke.ts
+++ b/src/node-host/invoke.ts
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ async function sendExecFinishedEvent(
       sessionKey: params.sessionKey,
       runId: params.runId,
       host: "node",
-      command: params.cmdText,
+      command: params.commandText,
       exitCode: params.result.exitCode ?? undefined,
       timedOut: params.result.timedOut,
       success: params.result.success,
@@ -505,7 +505,6 @@ export async function handleInvoke(
         return;
       }
       await sendJsonPayloadResult(client, frame, {
-        cmdText: prepared.cmdText,
         plan: prepared.plan,
       });
     } catch (err) {
@@ -549,8 +548,8 @@ export async function handleInvoke(
     sendInvokeResult: async (result) => {
       await sendInvokeResult(client, frame, result);
     },
-    sendExecFinishedEvent: async ({ sessionKey, runId, cmdText, result }) => {
-      await sendExecFinishedEvent({ client, sessionKey, runId, cmdText, result });
+    sendExecFinishedEvent: async ({ sessionKey, runId, commandText, result }) => {
+      await sendExecFinishedEvent({ client, sessionKey, runId, commandText, result });
     },
     preferMacAppExecHost,
   });
diff --git a/src/telegram/exec-approvals-handler.ts b/src/telegram/exec-approvals-handler.ts
index 1a2e4ce21ce..65488928469 100644
--- a/src/telegram/exec-approvals-handler.ts
+++ b/src/telegram/exec-approvals-handler.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { loadSessionStore, resolveStorePath } from "../config/sessions.js";
 import { GatewayClient } from "../gateway/client.js";
 import { createOperatorApprovalsGatewayClient } from "../gateway/operator-approvals-client.js";
 import type { EventFrame } from "../gateway/protocol/index.js";
+import { resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay } from "../infra/exec-approval-command-display.js";
 import {
   buildExecApprovalPendingReplyPayload,
   type ExecApprovalPendingReplyParams,
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ export class TelegramExecApprovalHandler {
       approvalId: request.id,
       approvalSlug: request.id.slice(0, 8),
       approvalCommandId: request.id,
-      command: request.request.command,
+      command: resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay(request.request).commandText,
       cwd: request.request.cwd ?? undefined,
       host: request.request.host === "node" ? "node" : "gateway",
       nodeId: request.request.nodeId ?? undefined,
diff --git a/src/test-utils/system-run-prepare-payload.ts b/src/test-utils/system-run-prepare-payload.ts
index 22e2c5edee6..201cb829d11 100644
--- a/src/test-utils/system-run-prepare-payload.ts
+++ b/src/test-utils/system-run-prepare-payload.ts
@@ -10,19 +10,18 @@ type SystemRunPrepareInput = {
 
 export function buildSystemRunPreparePayload(params: SystemRunPrepareInput) {
   const argv = Array.isArray(params.command) ? params.command.map(String) : [];
-  const rawCommand =
+  const previewCommand =
     typeof params.rawCommand === "string" && params.rawCommand.trim().length > 0
       ? params.rawCommand
       : null;
-  const formattedArgv = formatExecCommand(argv) || null;
-  const commandPreview = rawCommand && rawCommand !== formattedArgv ? rawCommand : null;
+  const commandText = formatExecCommand(argv) || "";
+  const commandPreview = previewCommand && previewCommand !== commandText ? previewCommand : null;
   return {
     payload: {
-      cmdText: rawCommand ?? argv.join(" "),
       plan: {
         argv,
         cwd: typeof params.cwd === "string" ? params.cwd : null,
-        rawCommand: formattedArgv,
+        commandText,
         commandPreview,
         agentId: typeof params.agentId === "string" ? params.agentId : null,
         sessionKey: typeof params.sessionKey === "string" ? params.sessionKey : null,
diff --git a/test/fixtures/system-run-command-contract.json b/test/fixtures/system-run-command-contract.json
index e67691c0533..943981078ea 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/system-run-command-contract.json
+++ b/test/fixtures/system-run-command-contract.json
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@
       }
     },
     {
-      "name": "shell wrapper accepts shell payload raw command when no positional argv carriers",
+      "name": "shell wrapper accepts shell payload raw command at ingress",
       "command": ["/bin/sh", "-lc", "echo hi"],
       "rawCommand": "echo hi",
       "expected": {
         "valid": true,
-        "displayCommand": "echo hi"
+        "displayCommand": "/bin/sh -lc \"echo hi\""
       }
     },
     {
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@
       }
     },
     {
-      "name": "env wrapper shell payload accepted when prelude has no env modifiers",
+      "name": "env wrapper shell payload accepted at ingress when prelude has no env modifiers",
       "command": ["/usr/bin/env", "bash", "-lc", "echo hi"],
       "rawCommand": "echo hi",
       "expected": {
         "valid": true,
-        "displayCommand": "echo hi"
+        "displayCommand": "/usr/bin/env bash -lc \"echo hi\""
       }
     },
     {