diff --git a/src/gateway/call.test.ts b/src/gateway/call.test.ts
index f6c5afb607a..56fb4497df7 100644
--- a/src/gateway/call.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/call.test.ts
@@ -281,18 +281,18 @@ describe("callGateway error details", () => {
     pickPrimaryTailnetIPv4.mockReturnValue(undefined);
 
     vi.useFakeTimers();
-    let err: Error | null = null;
+    let errMessage = "";
     const promise = callGateway({ method: "health", timeoutMs: 5 }).catch((caught) => {
-      err = caught as Error;
+      errMessage = caught instanceof Error ? caught.message : String(caught);
     });
 
     await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5);
     await promise;
 
-    expect(err?.message).toContain("gateway timeout after 5ms");
-    expect(err?.message).toContain("Gateway target: ws://127.0.0.1:18789");
-    expect(err?.message).toContain("Source: local loopback");
-    expect(err?.message).toContain("Bind: loopback");
+    expect(errMessage).toContain("gateway timeout after 5ms");
+    expect(errMessage).toContain("Gateway target: ws://127.0.0.1:18789");
+    expect(errMessage).toContain("Source: local loopback");
+    expect(errMessage).toContain("Bind: loopback");
   });
 
   it("does not overflow very large timeout values", async () => {
@@ -304,18 +304,18 @@ describe("callGateway error details", () => {
     pickPrimaryTailnetIPv4.mockReturnValue(undefined);
 
     vi.useFakeTimers();
-    let err: Error | null = null;
+    let errMessage = "";
     const promise = callGateway({ method: "health", timeoutMs: 2_592_010_000 }).catch((caught) => {
-      err = caught as Error;
+      errMessage = caught instanceof Error ? caught.message : String(caught);
     });
 
     await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1);
-    expect(err).toBeNull();
+    expect(errMessage).toBe("");
 
     lastClientOptions?.onClose?.(1006, "");
     await promise;
 
-    expect(err?.message).toContain("gateway closed (1006");
+    expect(errMessage).toContain("gateway closed (1006");
   });
 
   it("fails fast when remote mode is missing remote url", async () => {
diff --git a/src/gateway/chat-attachments.test.ts b/src/gateway/chat-attachments.test.ts
index e13d0ee19dd..6b4c20310f2 100644
--- a/src/gateway/chat-attachments.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/chat-attachments.test.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ describe("buildMessageWithAttachments", () => {
     expect(() => buildMessageWithAttachments("x", [att], { maxBytes: 16 })).toThrow(
       /exceeds size limit/i,
     );
-    const base64Calls = fromSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => args[1] === "base64");
+    const base64Calls = fromSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => (args as unknown[])[1] === "base64");
     expect(base64Calls).toHaveLength(0);
     fromSpy.mockRestore();
   });
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ describe("parseMessageWithAttachments", () => {
         { maxBytes: 16, log: { warn: () => {} } },
       ),
     ).rejects.toThrow(/exceeds size limit/i);
-    const base64Calls = fromSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => args[1] === "base64");
+    const base64Calls = fromSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => (args as unknown[])[1] === "base64");
     expect(base64Calls).toHaveLength(0);
     fromSpy.mockRestore();
   });
diff --git a/src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-a.e2e.test.ts b/src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-a.e2e.test.ts
index 1e599be4f89..922dcb575c0 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-a.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server.agent.gateway-server-agent-a.e2e.test.ts
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ async function setTestSessionStore(params: {
 }
 
 function latestAgentCall(): AgentCommandCall {
-  return vi.mocked(agentCommand).mock.calls.at(-1)?.[0] as AgentCommandCall;
+  const calls = vi.mocked(agentCommand).mock.calls as unknown as Array<[unknown]>;
+  return calls.at(-1)?.[0] as AgentCommandCall;
 }
 
 async function runMainAgentDeliveryWithSession(params: {
diff --git a/src/gateway/server.cron.e2e.test.ts b/src/gateway/server.cron.e2e.test.ts
index cd05a3b96ad..61b73983982 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server.cron.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server.cron.e2e.test.ts
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ describe("gateway server cron", () => {
       expect(notifyRunRes.ok).toBe(true);
 
       await waitForCondition(() => fetchMock.mock.calls.length === 1, 5000);
-      const [notifyUrl, notifyInit] = fetchMock.mock.calls[0] as [
+      const [notifyUrl, notifyInit] = fetchMock.mock.calls[0] as unknown as [
         string,
         {
           method?: string;
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ describe("gateway server cron", () => {
       );
       expect(legacyRunRes.ok).toBe(true);
       await waitForCondition(() => fetchMock.mock.calls.length === 2, 5000);
-      const [legacyUrl, legacyInit] = fetchMock.mock.calls[1] as [
+      const [legacyUrl, legacyInit] = fetchMock.mock.calls[1] as unknown as [
         string,
         {
           method?: string;
diff --git a/src/gateway/server.models-voicewake-misc.e2e.test.ts b/src/gateway/server.models-voicewake-misc.e2e.test.ts
index 896edca232c..33d1b142355 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server.models-voicewake-misc.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server.models-voicewake-misc.e2e.test.ts
@@ -52,13 +52,16 @@ const whatsappOutbound: ChannelOutboundAdapter = {
     if (!deps?.sendWhatsApp) {
       throw new Error("Missing sendWhatsApp dep");
     }
-    return { channel: "whatsapp", ...(await deps.sendWhatsApp(to, text, {})) };
+    return { channel: "whatsapp", ...(await deps.sendWhatsApp(to, text, { verbose: false })) };
   },
   sendMedia: async ({ deps, to, text, mediaUrl }) => {
     if (!deps?.sendWhatsApp) {
       throw new Error("Missing sendWhatsApp dep");
     }
-    return { channel: "whatsapp", ...(await deps.sendWhatsApp(to, text, { mediaUrl })) };
+    return {
+      channel: "whatsapp",
+      ...(await deps.sendWhatsApp(to, text, { verbose: false, mediaUrl })),
+    };
   },
 };
 
@@ -134,11 +137,10 @@ describe("gateway server models + voicewake", () => {
       expect(initial.ok).toBe(true);
       expect(initial.payload?.triggers).toEqual(["openclaw", "claude", "computer"]);
 
-      const changedP = onceMessage<{
-        type: "event";
-        event: string;
-        payload?: unknown;
-      }>(ws, (o) => o.type === "event" && o.event === "voicewake.changed");
+      const changedP = onceMessage(
+        ws,
+        (o) => o.type === "event" && o.event === "voicewake.changed",
+      );
 
       const setRes = await rpcReq<{ triggers: string[] }>(ws, "voicewake.set", {
         triggers: ["  hi  ", "", "there"],
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ describe("gateway server models + voicewake", () => {
       expect(setRes.ok).toBe(true);
       expect(setRes.payload?.triggers).toEqual(["hi", "there"]);
 
-      const changed = await changedP;
+      const changed = (await changedP) as { event?: string; payload?: unknown };
       expect(changed.event).toBe("voicewake.changed");
       expect((changed.payload as { triggers?: unknown } | undefined)?.triggers).toEqual([
         "hi",
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ describe("gateway server models + voicewake", () => {
 
     const nodeWs = new WebSocket(`ws://127.0.0.1:${port}`);
     await new Promise<void>((resolve) => nodeWs.once("open", resolve));
-    const firstEventP = onceMessage<{ type: "event"; event: string; payload?: unknown }>(
+    const firstEventP = onceMessage(
       nodeWs,
       (o) => o.type === "event" && o.event === "voicewake.changed",
     );
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ describe("gateway server models + voicewake", () => {
       },
     });
 
-    const first = await firstEventP;
+    const first = (await firstEventP) as { event?: string; payload?: unknown };
     expect(first.event).toBe("voicewake.changed");
     expect((first.payload as { triggers?: unknown } | undefined)?.triggers).toEqual([
       "openclaw",
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ describe("gateway server models + voicewake", () => {
       "computer",
     ]);
 
-    const broadcastP = onceMessage<{ type: "event"; event: string; payload?: unknown }>(
+    const broadcastP = onceMessage(
       nodeWs,
       (o) => o.type === "event" && o.event === "voicewake.changed",
     );
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@ describe("gateway server models + voicewake", () => {
     });
     expect(setRes.ok).toBe(true);
 
-    const broadcast = await broadcastP;
+    const broadcast = (await broadcastP) as { event?: string; payload?: unknown };
     expect(broadcast.event).toBe("voicewake.changed");
     expect((broadcast.payload as { triggers?: unknown } | undefined)?.triggers).toEqual([
       "openclaw",
diff --git a/src/gateway/server.roles-allowlist-update.e2e.test.ts b/src/gateway/server.roles-allowlist-update.e2e.test.ts
index 99f40a8c0ed..665648bf1b6 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server.roles-allowlist-update.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server.roles-allowlist-update.e2e.test.ts
@@ -131,10 +131,7 @@ describe("gateway update.run", () => {
           },
         }),
       );
-      const res = await onceMessage<{ ok: boolean; payload?: unknown }>(
-        ws,
-        (o) => o.type === "res" && o.id === id,
-      );
+      const res = await onceMessage(ws, (o) => o.type === "res" && o.id === id);
       expect(res.ok).toBe(true);
 
       await waitForSignal(() => sigusr1.mock.calls.length > 0);
@@ -173,10 +170,7 @@ describe("gateway update.run", () => {
           },
         }),
       );
-      const res = await onceMessage<{ ok: boolean; payload?: unknown }>(
-        ws,
-        (o) => o.type === "res" && o.id === id,
-      );
+      const res = await onceMessage(ws, (o) => o.type === "res" && o.id === id);
       expect(res.ok).toBe(true);
       expect(updateMock).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
     } finally {
diff --git a/src/gateway/server.sessions-send.e2e.test.ts b/src/gateway/server.sessions-send.e2e.test.ts
index dd72f28995d..fc1d6e574e8 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server.sessions-send.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server.sessions-send.e2e.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
-import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it, type Mock } from "vitest";
 import { resolveSessionTranscriptPath } from "../config/sessions.js";
 import { emitAgentEvent } from "../infra/agent-events.js";
 import { captureEnv } from "../test-utils/env.js";
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ afterAll(async () => {
 
 describe("sessions_send gateway loopback", () => {
   it("returns reply when lifecycle ends before agent.wait", async () => {
-    const spy = vi.mocked(agentCommand);
-    spy.mockImplementation(async (opts) => {
+    const spy = agentCommand as unknown as Mock<(opts: unknown) => Promise<void>>;
+    spy.mockImplementation(async (opts: unknown) => {
       const params = opts as {
         sessionId?: string;
         runId?: string;
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ describe("sessions_send label lookup", () => {
       "utf-8",
     );
 
-    const spy = vi.mocked(agentCommand);
-    spy.mockImplementation(async (opts) => {
+    const spy = agentCommand as unknown as Mock<(opts: unknown) => Promise<void>>;
+    spy.mockImplementation(async (opts: unknown) => {
       const params = opts as {
         sessionId?: string;
         runId?: string;
diff --git a/src/gateway/server.sessions.gateway-server-sessions-a.e2e.test.ts b/src/gateway/server.sessions.gateway-server-sessions-a.e2e.test.ts
index b8af9d89324..4e5a4c82166 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server.sessions.gateway-server-sessions-a.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server.sessions.gateway-server-sessions-a.e2e.test.ts
@@ -103,7 +103,9 @@ function expectActiveRunCleanup(
     requesterSessionKey,
   });
   expect(sessionCleanupMocks.clearSessionQueues).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-  const clearedKeys = sessionCleanupMocks.clearSessionQueues.mock.calls[0]?.[0] as string[];
+  const clearedKeys = (
+    sessionCleanupMocks.clearSessionQueues.mock.calls as unknown as Array<[string[]]>
+  )[0]?.[0];
   expect(clearedKeys).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(expectedQueueKeys));
   expect(embeddedRunMock.abortCalls).toEqual([sessionId]);
   expect(embeddedRunMock.waitCalls).toEqual([sessionId]);
@@ -656,7 +658,12 @@ describe("gateway server sessions", () => {
     });
     expect(reset.ok).toBe(true);
     expect(sessionHookMocks.triggerInternalHook).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    const [event] = sessionHookMocks.triggerInternalHook.mock.calls[0] ?? [];
+    const event = (
+      sessionHookMocks.triggerInternalHook.mock.calls as unknown as Array<[unknown]>
+    )[0]?.[0] as { context?: { previousSessionEntry?: unknown } } | undefined;
+    if (!event) {
+      throw new Error("expected session hook event");
+    }
     expect(event).toMatchObject({
       type: "command",
       action: "new",
@@ -665,7 +672,7 @@ describe("gateway server sessions", () => {
         commandSource: "gateway:sessions.reset",
       },
     });
-    expect(event.context.previousSessionEntry).toMatchObject({ sessionId: "sess-main" });
+    expect(event.context?.previousSessionEntry).toMatchObject({ sessionId: "sess-main" });
     ws.close();
   });
 
diff --git a/src/infra/fetch.test.ts b/src/infra/fetch.test.ts
index b1ce6f383eb..b46d75e427d 100644
--- a/src/infra/fetch.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/fetch.test.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ function createForeignSignalHarness() {
       }
     },
     removeEventListener,
-  } as AbortSignal;
+  } as unknown as AbortSignal;
 
   return {
     fakeSignal,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ describe("wrapFetchWithAbortSignal", () => {
 
     await wrapped("https://example.com", { method: "POST", body: "hi" });
 
-    expect(seenInit?.duplex).toBe("half");
+    expect((seenInit as (RequestInit & { duplex?: string }) | undefined)?.duplex).toBe("half");
   });
 
   it("converts foreign abort signals to native controllers", async () => {
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ describe("wrapFetchWithAbortSignal", () => {
       aborted: false,
       addEventListener: (_event: string, _handler: () => void) => {},
       removeEventListener,
-    } as AbortSignal;
+    } as unknown as AbortSignal;
 
     await expect(wrapped("https://example.com", { signal: fakeSignal })).rejects.toBe(fetchError);
     expect(removeEventListener).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ describe("wrapFetchWithAbortSignal", () => {
       aborted: false,
       addEventListener: (_event: string, _handler: () => void) => {},
       removeEventListener,
-    } as AbortSignal;
+    } as unknown as AbortSignal;
 
     expect(() => wrapped("https://example.com", { signal: fakeSignal })).toThrow(syncError);
     expect(removeEventListener).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ describe("wrapFetchWithAbortSignal", () => {
       aborted: true,
       addEventListener,
       removeEventListener,
-    } as AbortSignal;
+    } as unknown as AbortSignal;
 
     await wrapped("https://example.com", { signal: fakeSignal });
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ describe("wrapFetchWithAbortSignal", () => {
     const preconnectSpy = vi.fn(function (this: unknown) {
       return this;
     });
-    const fetchImpl = vi.fn(async () => ({ ok: true }) as Response) as typeof fetch & {
+    const fetchImpl = vi.fn(async () => ({ ok: true }) as Response) as unknown as typeof fetch & {
       preconnect: (url: string, init?: { credentials?: RequestCredentials }) => unknown;
     };
     fetchImpl.preconnect = preconnectSpy;
diff --git a/src/infra/http-body.test.ts b/src/infra/http-body.test.ts
index e3548b1eaba..d5599c623be 100644
--- a/src/infra/http-body.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/http-body.test.ts
@@ -9,19 +9,21 @@ import {
   readRequestBodyWithLimit,
 } from "./http-body.js";
 
+type MockIncomingMessage = IncomingMessage & {
+  destroyed?: boolean;
+  destroy: (error?: Error) => MockIncomingMessage;
+  __unhandledDestroyError?: unknown;
+};
+
 function createMockRequest(params: {
   chunks?: string[];
   headers?: Record<string, string>;
   emitEnd?: boolean;
-}): IncomingMessage {
-  const req = new EventEmitter() as IncomingMessage & {
-    destroyed?: boolean;
-    destroy: (error?: Error) => void;
-    __unhandledDestroyError?: unknown;
-  };
+}): MockIncomingMessage {
+  const req = new EventEmitter() as MockIncomingMessage;
   req.destroyed = false;
   req.headers = params.headers ?? {};
-  req.destroy = (error?: Error) => {
+  req.destroy = ((error?: Error) => {
     req.destroyed = true;
     if (error) {
       // Simulate Node's async 'error' emission on destroy(err). If no listener is
@@ -34,7 +36,8 @@ function createMockRequest(params: {
         }
       });
     }
-  };
+    return req;
+  }) as MockIncomingMessage["destroy"];
 
   if (params.chunks) {
     void Promise.resolve().then(() => {
diff --git a/src/infra/net/ssrf.pinning.test.ts b/src/infra/net/ssrf.pinning.test.ts
index 48bb51c3486..f04c55b8ab9 100644
--- a/src/infra/net/ssrf.pinning.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/net/ssrf.pinning.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import {
   createPinnedLookup,
+  type LookupFn,
   resolvePinnedHostname,
   resolvePinnedHostnameWithPolicy,
 } from "./ssrf.js";
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ describe("ssrf pinning", () => {
     const lookup = vi.fn(async () => [
       { address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 },
       { address: "93.184.216.35", family: 4 },
-    ]);
+    ]) as unknown as LookupFn;
 
     const pinned = await resolvePinnedHostname("Example.com.", lookup);
     expect(pinned.hostname).toBe("example.com");
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ describe("ssrf pinning", () => {
   });
 
   it("rejects private DNS results", async () => {
-    const lookup = vi.fn(async () => [{ address: "10.0.0.8", family: 4 }]);
+    const lookup = vi.fn(async () => [{ address: "10.0.0.8", family: 4 }]) as unknown as LookupFn;
     await expect(resolvePinnedHostname("example.com", lookup)).rejects.toThrow(/private|internal/i);
   });
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ describe("ssrf pinning", () => {
     const fallback = vi.fn((host: string, options?: unknown, callback?: unknown) => {
       const cb = typeof options === "function" ? options : (callback as () => void);
       (cb as (err: null, address: string, family: number) => void)(null, "1.2.3.4", 4);
-    });
+    }) as unknown as Parameters<typeof createPinnedLookup>[0]["fallback"];
     const lookup = createPinnedLookup({
       hostname: "example.com",
       addresses: ["93.184.216.34"],
@@ -74,7 +75,9 @@ describe("ssrf pinning", () => {
   });
 
   it("enforces hostname allowlist when configured", async () => {
-    const lookup = vi.fn(async () => [{ address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 }]);
+    const lookup = vi.fn(async () => [
+      { address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 },
+    ]) as unknown as LookupFn;
 
     await expect(
       resolvePinnedHostnameWithPolicy("api.example.com", {
@@ -86,7 +89,9 @@ describe("ssrf pinning", () => {
   });
 
   it("supports wildcard hostname allowlist patterns", async () => {
-    const lookup = vi.fn(async () => [{ address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 }]);
+    const lookup = vi.fn(async () => [
+      { address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 },
+    ]) as unknown as LookupFn;
 
     await expect(
       resolvePinnedHostnameWithPolicy("assets.example.com", {
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.test.ts b/src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.test.ts
index f7ce41c7567..710e347be80 100644
--- a/src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.test.ts
@@ -864,10 +864,15 @@ describe("runMessageAction accountId defaults", () => {
     });
 
     expect(handleAction).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    const ctx = handleAction.mock.calls[0]?.[0] as {
-      accountId?: string | null;
-      params: Record<string, unknown>;
-    };
+    const ctx = (handleAction.mock.calls as unknown as Array<[unknown]>)[0]?.[0] as
+      | {
+          accountId?: string | null;
+          params: Record<string, unknown>;
+        }
+      | undefined;
+    if (!ctx) {
+      throw new Error("expected action context");
+    }
     expect(ctx.accountId).toBe("ops");
     expect(ctx.params.accountId).toBe("ops");
   });
diff --git a/src/infra/session-cost-usage.test.ts b/src/infra/session-cost-usage.test.ts
index 671dcb583af..71c417bd818 100644
--- a/src/infra/session-cost-usage.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/session-cost-usage.test.ts
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ describe("session cost usage", () => {
           },
         },
       },
-    } as OpenClawConfig;
+    } as unknown as OpenClawConfig;
 
     const originalState = process.env.OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR;
     process.env.OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR = root;
@@ -275,7 +275,11 @@ describe("session cost usage", () => {
     try {
       const summary = await loadSessionCostSummary({
         sessionId: "sess-worker-1",
-        sessionEntry: { sessionFile: workerSessionFile } as { sessionFile: string },
+        sessionEntry: {
+          sessionId: "sess-worker-1",
+          updatedAt: Date.now(),
+          sessionFile: workerSessionFile,
+        },
         agentId: "worker1",
       });
       expect(summary?.totalTokens).toBe(18);
@@ -317,7 +321,11 @@ describe("session cost usage", () => {
     try {
       const timeseries = await loadSessionUsageTimeSeries({
         sessionId: "sess-worker-2",
-        sessionEntry: { sessionFile: workerSessionFile } as { sessionFile: string },
+        sessionEntry: {
+          sessionId: "sess-worker-2",
+          updatedAt: Date.now(),
+          sessionFile: workerSessionFile,
+        },
         agentId: "worker2",
       });
       expect(timeseries?.points.length).toBe(1);
@@ -357,7 +365,11 @@ describe("session cost usage", () => {
     try {
       const logs = await loadSessionLogs({
         sessionId: "sess-worker-3",
-        sessionEntry: { sessionFile: workerSessionFile } as { sessionFile: string },
+        sessionEntry: {
+          sessionId: "sess-worker-3",
+          updatedAt: Date.now(),
+          sessionFile: workerSessionFile,
+        },
         agentId: "worker3",
       });
       expect(logs).toHaveLength(1);
diff --git a/src/media/input-files.fetch-guard.test.ts b/src/media/input-files.fetch-guard.test.ts
index d7a4fc8294b..f731b90c0c2 100644
--- a/src/media/input-files.fetch-guard.test.ts
+++ b/src/media/input-files.fetch-guard.test.ts
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ describe("base64 size guards", () => {
     ).rejects.toThrow("Image too large");
 
     // Regression check: the oversize reject must happen before Buffer.from(..., "base64") allocates.
-    const base64Calls = fromSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => args[1] === "base64");
+    const base64Calls = fromSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => (args as unknown[])[1] === "base64");
     expect(base64Calls).toHaveLength(0);
     fromSpy.mockRestore();
   });
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ describe("base64 size guards", () => {
       }),
     ).rejects.toThrow("File too large");
 
-    const base64Calls = fromSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => args[1] === "base64");
+    const base64Calls = fromSpy.mock.calls.filter((args) => (args as unknown[])[1] === "base64");
     expect(base64Calls).toHaveLength(0);
     fromSpy.mockRestore();
   });
diff --git a/src/memory/manager.watcher-config.test.ts b/src/memory/manager.watcher-config.test.ts
index 8f45f256d25..a51f577685f 100644
--- a/src/memory/manager.watcher-config.test.ts
+++ b/src/memory/manager.watcher-config.test.ts
@@ -82,7 +82,10 @@ describe("memory watcher config", () => {
     manager = result.manager;
 
     expect(watchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    const [watchedPaths, options] = watchMock.mock.calls[0] as [string[], Record<string, unknown>];
+    const [watchedPaths, options] = watchMock.mock.calls[0] as unknown as [
+      string[],
+      Record<string, unknown>,
+    ];
     expect(watchedPaths).toEqual(
       expect.arrayContaining([
         path.join(workspaceDir, "MEMORY.md"),
diff --git a/src/plugins/wired-hooks-compaction.test.ts b/src/plugins/wired-hooks-compaction.test.ts
index fc5b6b83f89..3c9a0deddef 100644
--- a/src/plugins/wired-hooks-compaction.test.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/wired-hooks-compaction.test.ts
@@ -47,8 +47,11 @@ describe("compaction hook wiring", () => {
 
     expect(hookMocks.runner.runBeforeCompaction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
 
-    const [event] = hookMocks.runner.runBeforeCompaction.mock.calls[0];
-    expect(event.messageCount).toBe(3);
+    const beforeCalls = hookMocks.runner.runBeforeCompaction.mock.calls as unknown as Array<
+      [unknown]
+    >;
+    const event = beforeCalls[0]?.[0] as { messageCount?: number } | undefined;
+    expect(event?.messageCount).toBe(3);
   });
 
   it("calls runAfterCompaction when willRetry is false", async () => {
@@ -75,9 +78,14 @@ describe("compaction hook wiring", () => {
 
     expect(hookMocks.runner.runAfterCompaction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
 
-    const [event] = hookMocks.runner.runAfterCompaction.mock.calls[0];
-    expect(event.messageCount).toBe(2);
-    expect(event.compactedCount).toBe(1);
+    const afterCalls = hookMocks.runner.runAfterCompaction.mock.calls as unknown as Array<
+      [unknown]
+    >;
+    const event = afterCalls[0]?.[0] as
+      | { messageCount?: number; compactedCount?: number }
+      | undefined;
+    expect(event?.messageCount).toBe(2);
+    expect(event?.compactedCount).toBe(1);
   });
 
   it("does not call runAfterCompaction when willRetry is true", async () => {