diff --git a/extensions/codex/harness.ts b/extensions/codex/harness.ts
index 1dcdcb686933..dc48773e90e2 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/harness.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/harness.ts
@@ -90,6 +90,12 @@ export function createCodexAppServerAgentHarness(options: {
         return validateCodexAppServerRuntimeArtifact(binding);
       },
     },
+    fetchUsageSnapshot: async (ctx) => {
+      const { fetchCodexAppServerUsageSnapshot } = await import("./src/app-server/usage.js");
+      return await fetchCodexAppServerUsageSnapshot(ctx, {
+        pluginConfig: options?.resolvePluginConfig?.() ?? options?.pluginConfig,
+      });
+    },
     supports: (ctx) => {
       const provider = ctx.provider.trim().toLowerCase();
       if (!providerIds.has(provider)) {
diff --git a/extensions/codex/index.test.ts b/extensions/codex/index.test.ts
index f62e7fdc0105..c476b662d982 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/index.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/index.test.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ describe("codex plugin", () => {
       sourceVisibleReplies: "message_tool",
     });
     expect(typeof agentHarnessRegistration.dispose).toBe("function");
+    expect(typeof agentHarnessRegistration.fetchUsageSnapshot).toBe("function");
     expect(mediaProviderRegistration?.id).toBe("codex");
     expect(mediaProviderRegistration?.capabilities).toEqual(["image"]);
     expect(mediaProviderRegistration?.defaultModels).toEqual({ image: "gpt-5.6-sol" });
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/request.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/request.test.ts
index d65c48f8325c..b7e2c4a11a7e 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/request.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/request.test.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ vi.mock("./shared-client.js", () => ({
   getLeasedSharedCodexAppServerClient: sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient,
 }));
 
-const { requestCodexAppServerJson } = await import("./request.js");
+const { readCodexAppServerUsage, requestCodexAppServerJson } = await import("./request.js");
 
 const expectDeadlineOptions = () =>
   expect.objectContaining({ timeoutMs: expect.any(Number), signal: expect.anything() });
@@ -354,4 +354,41 @@ describe("requestCodexAppServerJson sandbox guard", () => {
 
     expect(sharedClientMocks.getSharedCodexAppServerClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
+
+  it("reads usage and account identity over one isolated client", async () => {
+    const request = vi.fn(async (method: string) =>
+      method === "account/rateLimits/read"
+        ? { rateLimitsByLimitId: { codex: { limitId: "codex" } } }
+        : { account: { email: "codex-account@example.com" } },
+    );
+    const closeAndWait = vi.fn(async () => undefined);
+    sharedClientMocks.createIsolatedCodexAppServerClient.mockResolvedValue({
+      request,
+      closeAndWait,
+    });
+
+    await expect(
+      readCodexAppServerUsage({
+        timeoutMs: 3_500,
+        authProfileId: "openai:test",
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({
+      rateLimits: { rateLimitsByLimitId: { codex: { limitId: "codex" } } },
+      accountEmail: "codex-account@example.com",
+    });
+    expect(sharedClientMocks.createIsolatedCodexAppServerClient).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        authProfileId: "openai:test",
+        timeoutMs: expect.any(Number),
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      1,
+      "account/rateLimits/read",
+      undefined,
+      expectDeadlineOptions(),
+    );
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, "account/read", {}, expectDeadlineOptions());
+    expect(closeAndWait).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ exitTimeoutMs: 300, forceKillDelayMs: 200 });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/request.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/request.ts
index fbac58f9765b..803adaa6bfe3 100644
--- a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/request.ts
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/request.ts
@@ -116,12 +116,91 @@ type CodexAppServerScopedRequest = <T = JsonValue | undefined>(request: {
   requestParams?: unknown;
 }) => Promise<T>;
 
+const CODEX_USAGE_ISOLATED_SHUTDOWN = { forceKillDelayMs: 200, exitTimeoutMs: 300 } as const;
+const CODEX_ACCOUNT_READ_MAX_TIMEOUT_MS = 4_000;
+const CODEX_ACCOUNT_READ_DEADLINE_MARGIN_MS = 250;
+const CODEX_USAGE_DEADLINE_RESERVE_MS =
+  CODEX_USAGE_ISOLATED_SHUTDOWN.forceKillDelayMs +
+  CODEX_USAGE_ISOLATED_SHUTDOWN.exitTimeoutMs +
+  CODEX_ACCOUNT_READ_DEADLINE_MARGIN_MS;
+
+/** Reads rate limits and best-effort account identity from one isolated app-server session. */
+export async function readCodexAppServerUsage(options: {
+  timeoutMs: number;
+  agentDir?: string;
+  authProfileId?: string;
+  config?: Parameters<typeof resolveCodexAppServerAuthProfileIdForAgent>[0]["config"];
+  startOptions?: CodexAppServerStartOptions;
+}): Promise<{ rateLimits: JsonValue; accountEmail?: string }> {
+  const deadline = Date.now() + options.timeoutMs;
+  return await withCodexAppServerJsonClient(
+    {
+      timeoutMs: options.timeoutMs,
+      timeoutMessage: "codex app-server usage read timed out",
+      agentDir: options.agentDir,
+      ...(options.authProfileId ? { authProfileId: options.authProfileId } : {}),
+      config: options.config,
+      startOptions: options.startOptions,
+      isolated: true,
+      // A throwaway read-only child: bound shutdown inside the outer usage deadline.
+      isolatedShutdown: CODEX_USAGE_ISOLATED_SHUTDOWN,
+    },
+    async (request) => {
+      const rateLimits = await request<JsonValue>({ method: "account/rateLimits/read" });
+      const accountEmail = await readCodexAccountEmailBestEffort(request, deadline);
+      return { rateLimits, ...(accountEmail ? { accountEmail } : {}) };
+    },
+  );
+}
+
+function extractCodexAccountEmail(value: unknown): string | undefined {
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object") {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const record = value as { account?: unknown; email?: unknown; accountEmail?: unknown };
+  const account =
+    record.account && typeof record.account === "object"
+      ? (record.account as { email?: unknown; accountEmail?: unknown })
+      : record;
+  const email = account.email ?? account.accountEmail;
+  return typeof email === "string" && email.trim() ? email.trim() : undefined;
+}
+
+async function readCodexAccountEmailBestEffort(
+  request: CodexAppServerScopedRequest,
+  deadline: number,
+): Promise<string | undefined> {
+  const boundMs = Math.min(
+    CODEX_ACCOUNT_READ_MAX_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    deadline - Date.now() - CODEX_USAGE_DEADLINE_RESERVE_MS,
+  );
+  if (boundMs <= 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const read = request<unknown>({ method: "account/read", requestParams: {} }).then(
+    (account) => extractCodexAccountEmail(account),
+    () => undefined,
+  );
+  let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+  const timeout = new Promise<undefined>((resolve) => {
+    timer = setTimeout(() => resolve(undefined), boundMs);
+    timer.unref?.();
+  });
+  try {
+    return await Promise.race([read, timeout]);
+  } finally {
+    if (timer) {
+      clearTimeout(timer);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Runs several guarded requests over one acquired client (shared lease or
  * isolated child) so related reads see the same app-server session. The whole
  * callback re-runs once when the client's start selection changed underneath it.
  */
-export async function withCodexAppServerJsonClient<T>(
+async function withCodexAppServerJsonClient<T>(
   params: {
     timeoutMs?: number;
     timeoutMessage?: string;
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/usage.test.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/usage.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aee2d37cbcdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/usage.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Codex usage tests cover the harness-owned provider-usage contribution.
+import type { ProviderFetchUsageSnapshotContext } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/plugin-entry";
+import { CODEX_APP_SERVER_AUTH_MARKER } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/provider-usage";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { fetchCodexAppServerUsageSnapshot } from "./usage.js";
+
+function usageContext(
+  overrides: Partial<ProviderFetchUsageSnapshotContext> = {},
+): ProviderFetchUsageSnapshotContext {
+  return {
+    config: {},
+    env: {},
+    provider: "openai",
+    token: CODEX_APP_SERVER_AUTH_MARKER,
+    timeoutMs: 3_500,
+    fetchFn: fetch,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("Codex app-server provider usage", () => {
+  it("contributes OpenAI usage windows for the synthetic app-server credential", async () => {
+    const readUsage = vi.fn(async () => ({
+      rateLimits: {
+        rateLimitsByLimitId: {
+          codex: {
+            limitId: "codex",
+            primary: {
+              usedPercent: 9,
+              windowDurationMins: 300,
+              resetsAt: 1_700_003_600,
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      accountEmail: "codex-account@example.com",
+    }));
+
+    await expect(fetchCodexAppServerUsageSnapshot(usageContext(), { readUsage })).resolves.toEqual({
+      provider: "openai",
+      displayName: "OpenAI",
+      windows: [{ label: "5h", usedPercent: 9, resetAt: 1_700_003_600_000 }],
+      plan: undefined,
+      accountEmail: "codex-account@example.com",
+    });
+    expect(readUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      timeoutMs: 3_500,
+      agentDir: undefined,
+      config: {},
+      startOptions: expect.objectContaining({
+        command: "codex",
+        commandSource: "managed",
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("ignores ordinary OpenAI credentials", async () => {
+    const readUsage = vi.fn();
+
+    await expect(
+      fetchCodexAppServerUsageSnapshot(usageContext({ token: "test-token-placeholder" }), {
+        readUsage,
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toBeNull();
+    expect(readUsage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/extensions/codex/src/app-server/usage.ts b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/usage.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4c9b8cfecc53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extensions/codex/src/app-server/usage.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/** Builds provider-usage snapshots from the Codex app-server account surface. */
+import type { ProviderFetchUsageSnapshotContext } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/plugin-entry";
+import {
+  CODEX_APP_SERVER_AUTH_MARKER,
+  type ProviderUsageSnapshot,
+} from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/agent-runtime";
+import { resolveCodexAppServerRuntimeOptions } from "./config.js";
+import { buildCodexAppServerUsageSnapshot } from "./rate-limits.js";
+import { readCodexAppServerUsage } from "./request.js";
+
+type CodexAppServerUsageRead = {
+  rateLimits: unknown;
+  accountEmail?: string;
+};
+
+type CodexAppServerUsageReader = (
+  options: Parameters<typeof readCodexAppServerUsage>[0],
+) => Promise<CodexAppServerUsageRead>;
+
+/** Handles the synthetic usage credential for a Codex-backed OpenAI route. */
+export async function fetchCodexAppServerUsageSnapshot(
+  ctx: ProviderFetchUsageSnapshotContext,
+  options: {
+    pluginConfig?: unknown;
+    readUsage?: CodexAppServerUsageReader;
+  } = {},
+): Promise<ProviderUsageSnapshot | null> {
+  if (ctx.token !== CODEX_APP_SERVER_AUTH_MARKER) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const appServer = resolveCodexAppServerRuntimeOptions({ pluginConfig: options.pluginConfig });
+  const usage = await (options.readUsage ?? readCodexAppServerUsage)({
+    timeoutMs: ctx.timeoutMs,
+    agentDir: ctx.agentDir,
+    ...(ctx.authProfileId ? { authProfileId: ctx.authProfileId } : {}),
+    config: ctx.config,
+    startOptions: appServer.start,
+  });
+  const snapshot = buildCodexAppServerUsageSnapshot(usage.rateLimits);
+  const accountEmail = ctx.email ?? usage.accountEmail;
+  return accountEmail && !snapshot.error ? { ...snapshot, accountEmail } : snapshot;
+}
diff --git a/src/agents/harness/types.ts b/src/agents/harness/types.ts
index 83057c3fe7b5..df3d297add67 100644
--- a/src/agents/harness/types.ts
+++ b/src/agents/harness/types.ts
@@ -196,12 +196,29 @@ type AgentHarnessAuthBindingCapability = {
   };
 };
 
+type AgentHarnessProviderUsageCapability = {
+  /**
+   * Contributes runtime-owned quota data without registering a text provider.
+   * Provider usage hooks remain authoritative when both surfaces exist.
+   */
+  fetchUsageSnapshot?: (
+    ctx: import("../../plugins/provider-runtime.types.js").ProviderFetchUsageSnapshotContext,
+  ) =>
+    | Promise<
+        import("../../infra/provider-usage.types.js").ProviderUsageSnapshot | null | undefined
+      >
+    | import("../../infra/provider-usage.types.js").ProviderUsageSnapshot
+    | null
+    | undefined;
+};
+
 export type AgentHarness = AgentHarnessRunCapability &
   AgentHarnessSideQuestionCapability &
   AgentHarnessClassificationCapability &
   AgentHarnessCompactionCapability &
   AgentHarnessRuntimeArtifactCapability &
   AgentHarnessAuthBindingCapability &
+  AgentHarnessProviderUsageCapability &
   AgentHarnessSessionLifecycleCapability;
 
 export type RegisteredAgentHarness = {
diff --git a/src/plugins/provider-runtime.ts b/src/plugins/provider-runtime.ts
index 25a3335e8ade..339a6fcc84fc 100644
--- a/src/plugins/provider-runtime.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/provider-runtime.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
 import { sanitizeForLog } from "../../packages/terminal-core/src/ansi.js";
 import type { AuthProfileCredential, OAuthCredential } from "../agents/auth-profiles/types.js";
 import { resolveGpt5SystemPromptContribution } from "../agents/gpt5-prompt-overlay.js";
+import { getRegisteredAgentHarness } from "../agents/harness/registry.js";
 import {
   applyPluginTextReplacements,
   mergePluginTextTransforms,
@@ -688,7 +689,36 @@ export async function resolveProviderUsageSnapshotWithPlugin(params: {
   env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
   context: ProviderFetchUsageSnapshotContext;
 }) {
-  return await resolveProviderRuntimePlugin(params)?.fetchUsageSnapshot?.(params.context);
+  const providerHook = resolveProviderRuntimePlugin(params)?.fetchUsageSnapshot;
+  if (providerHook) {
+    const snapshot = await providerHook(params.context);
+    if (snapshot != null) {
+      return snapshot;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A distinct hook owner is an explicit synthetic contribution route. Avoid
+  // probing harness manifests for ordinary provider usage misses.
+  if (params.provider === params.context.provider) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  let harness = getRegisteredAgentHarness(params.provider)?.harness;
+  if (!harness) {
+    const workspaceDir =
+      params.workspaceDir ?? getActivePluginRegistryWorkspaceDirFromState() ?? process.cwd();
+    const { ensureSelectedAgentHarnessPlugin } =
+      await import("../agents/harness/runtime-plugin.js");
+    await ensureSelectedAgentHarnessPlugin({
+      provider: params.context.provider,
+      modelId: "",
+      config: params.config,
+      agentHarnessId: params.provider,
+      workspaceDir,
+    });
+    harness = getRegisteredAgentHarness(params.provider)?.harness;
+  }
+  return await harness?.fetchUsageSnapshot?.(params.context);
 }
 
 export type ProviderUsagePluginDescriptor = {
diff --git a/src/plugins/provider-runtime.usage-harness.test.ts b/src/plugins/provider-runtime.usage-harness.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f880a6a75815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/plugins/provider-runtime.usage-harness.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Verifies provider usage can be contributed by a runtime harness without a text provider.
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { clearAgentHarnesses, registerAgentHarness } from "../agents/harness/registry.js";
+import { resolveProviderUsageSnapshotWithPlugin } from "./provider-runtime.js";
+
+vi.mock("./provider-hook-runtime.js", async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("./provider-hook-runtime.js")>();
+  return { ...actual, resolveProviderRuntimePlugin: () => undefined };
+});
+
+describe("provider runtime harness usage", () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    clearAgentHarnesses();
+  });
+
+  it("routes a synthetic hook id to the matching harness", async () => {
+    const fetchUsageSnapshot = vi.fn(async () => ({
+      provider: "openai" as const,
+      displayName: "OpenAI",
+      windows: [{ label: "5h", usedPercent: 9 }],
+    }));
+    registerAgentHarness({
+      id: "codex",
+      label: "Codex",
+      supports: () => ({ supported: true }),
+      runAttempt: async () => {
+        throw new Error("not used");
+      },
+      fetchUsageSnapshot,
+    });
+
+    await expect(
+      resolveProviderUsageSnapshotWithPlugin({
+        provider: "codex",
+        config: {},
+        env: {},
+        workspaceDir: process.cwd(),
+        context: {
+          config: {},
+          env: {},
+          provider: "openai",
+          token: "test-token-placeholder",
+          timeoutMs: 5_000,
+          fetchFn: fetch,
+        },
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({
+      provider: "openai",
+      displayName: "OpenAI",
+      windows: [{ label: "5h", usedPercent: 9 }],
+    });
+    expect(fetchUsageSnapshot).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ provider: "openai", token: "test-token-placeholder" }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("does not probe a harness for an ordinary provider usage miss", async () => {
+    const fetchUsageSnapshot = vi.fn();
+    registerAgentHarness({
+      id: "openai",
+      label: "OpenAI harness",
+      supports: () => ({ supported: true }),
+      runAttempt: async () => {
+        throw new Error("not used");
+      },
+      fetchUsageSnapshot,
+    });
+
+    await expect(
+      resolveProviderUsageSnapshotWithPlugin({
+        provider: "openai",
+        config: {},
+        env: {},
+        workspaceDir: process.cwd(),
+        context: {
+          config: {},
+          env: {},
+          provider: "openai",
+          token: "test-token-placeholder",
+          timeoutMs: 5_000,
+          fetchFn: fetch,
+        },
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+    expect(fetchUsageSnapshot).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});