diff --git a/src/cli/nodes-cli/register.status.ts b/src/cli/nodes-cli/register.status.ts
index 892267f2906..a97c0aaecb4 100644
--- a/src/cli/nodes-cli/register.status.ts
+++ b/src/cli/nodes-cli/register.status.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { Command } from "commander";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "../../infra/errors.js";
 import { formatTimeAgo } from "../../infra/format-time/format-relative.ts";
 import { defaultRuntime } from "../../runtime.js";
 import { getTerminalTableWidth, renderTable } from "../../terminal/table.js";
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ function parseSinceMs(raw: unknown, label: string): number | undefined {
   try {
     return parseDurationMs(value);
   } catch (err) {
-    const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+    const message = formatErrorMessage(err);
     defaultRuntime.error(`${label}: ${message}`);
     defaultRuntime.exit(1);
     return undefined;
diff --git a/src/cli/ports.ts b/src/cli/ports.ts
index fd829bf21db..cc01e9c57de 100644
--- a/src/cli/ports.ts
+++ b/src/cli/ports.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
 import { createServer } from "node:net";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "../infra/errors.js";
 import { resolveLsofCommandSync } from "../infra/ports-lsof.js";
 import { tryListenOnPort } from "../infra/ports-probe.js";
 import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ function isRecoverableLsofError(err: unknown): boolean {
   if (code === "ENOENT" || code === "EACCES" || code === "EPERM") {
     return true;
   }
-  const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+  const message = formatErrorMessage(err);
   return /lsof.*(permission denied|not permitted|operation not permitted|eacces|eperm)/i.test(
     message,
   );
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor-gateway-health.ts b/src/commands/doctor-gateway-health.ts
index 9016fba1d8f..0544d6e2dbd 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor-gateway-health.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor-gateway-health.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
 import { buildGatewayConnectionDetails, callGateway } from "../gateway/call.js";
 import type { DoctorMemoryStatusPayload } from "../gateway/server-methods/doctor.js";
 import { collectChannelStatusIssues } from "../infra/channels-status-issues.js";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "../infra/errors.js";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
 import { note } from "../terminal/note.js";
 import { formatHealthCheckFailure } from "./health-format.js";
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ export async function probeGatewayMemoryStatus(params: {
       error: payload.embedding.error,
     };
   } catch (err) {
-    const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+    const message = formatErrorMessage(err);
     return {
       checked: true,
       ready: false,
diff --git a/src/flows/channel-setup.ts b/src/flows/channel-setup.ts
index 9937418251a..563d5d8b093 100644
--- a/src/flows/channel-setup.ts
+++ b/src/flows/channel-setup.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import type {
 import type { ChannelChoice } from "../commands/onboard-types.js";
 import { isChannelConfigured } from "../config/channel-configured.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "../infra/errors.js";
 import { enablePluginInConfig } from "../plugins/enable.js";
 import { DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_ID, normalizeAccountId } from "../routing/session-key.js";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ export async function runCollectedChannelOnboardingPostWriteHooks(params: {
     try {
       await hook.run({ cfg: params.cfg, runtime: params.runtime });
     } catch (err) {
-      const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+      const message = formatErrorMessage(err);
       params.runtime.error(
         `Channel ${hook.channel} post-setup warning for "${hook.accountId}": ${message}`,
       );
diff --git a/src/hooks/bundled/command-logger/handler.ts b/src/hooks/bundled/command-logger/handler.ts
index e9ee6527551..b923e04605b 100644
--- a/src/hooks/bundled/command-logger/handler.ts
+++ b/src/hooks/bundled/command-logger/handler.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { resolveStateDir } from "../../../config/paths.js";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "../../../infra/errors.js";
 import { createSubsystemLogger } from "../../../logging/subsystem.js";
 import type { HookHandler } from "../../hooks.js";
 
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ const logCommand: HookHandler = async (event) => {
 
     await fs.appendFile(logFile, logLine, "utf-8");
   } catch (err) {
-    const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+    const message = formatErrorMessage(err);
     log.error(`Failed to log command: ${message}`);
   }
 };
diff --git a/src/hooks/internal-hooks.ts b/src/hooks/internal-hooks.ts
index 224fe32f797..dba7bf4985d 100644
--- a/src/hooks/internal-hooks.ts
+++ b/src/hooks/internal-hooks.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import type { CliDeps } from "../cli/deps.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
 import type { SessionEntry } from "../config/sessions.js";
 import type { SessionsPatchParams } from "../gateway/protocol/index.js";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "../infra/errors.js";
 import { createSubsystemLogger } from "../logging/subsystem.js";
 import { resolveGlobalSingleton } from "../shared/global-singleton.js";
 
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ export async function triggerInternalHook(event: InternalHookEvent): Promise<voi
     try {
       await handler(event);
     } catch (err) {
-      const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+      const message = formatErrorMessage(err);
       log.error(`Hook error [${event.type}:${event.action}]: ${message}`);
     }
   }