diff --git a/src/agents/pi-embedded-subscribe.tools.extract.test.ts b/src/agents/pi-embedded-subscribe.tools.extract.test.ts
index cd99ee6b674..044edc93a6d 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-embedded-subscribe.tools.extract.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-embedded-subscribe.tools.extract.test.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
-import { telegramPlugin } from "../../extensions/telegram/src/channel.js";
+import { normalizeTelegramMessagingTarget } from "../../extensions/telegram/api.js";
 import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../plugins/runtime.js";
-import { createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createChannelTestPluginBase, createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
 import { extractMessagingToolSend } from "./pi-embedded-subscribe.tools.js";
 
 describe("extractMessagingToolSend", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     setActivePluginRegistry(
-      createTestRegistry([{ pluginId: "telegram", plugin: telegramPlugin, source: "test" }]),
+      createTestRegistry([
+        {
+          pluginId: "telegram",
+          plugin: {
+            ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "telegram" }),
+            messaging: { normalizeTarget: normalizeTelegramMessagingTarget },
+          },
+          source: "test",
+        },
+      ]),
     );
   });
 
diff --git a/src/auto-reply/reply/commands-session-lifecycle.test.ts b/src/auto-reply/reply/commands-session-lifecycle.test.ts
index 8d31fbf8c0d..c0988a72443 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/reply/commands-session-lifecycle.test.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/reply/commands-session-lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { telegramPlugin } from "../../../extensions/telegram/src/channel.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../../config/config.js";
 import type { SessionBindingRecord } from "../../infra/outbound/session-binding-service.js";
-import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../../plugins/runtime.js";
-import { createTestRegistry } from "../../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
 
 const hoisted = vi.hoisted(() => {
   const getThreadBindingManagerMock = vi.fn();
@@ -233,9 +230,6 @@ function createFakeThreadBindingManager(binding: FakeBinding | null) {
 
 describe("/session idle and /session max-age", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
-    setActivePluginRegistry(
-      createTestRegistry([{ pluginId: "telegram", source: "test", plugin: telegramPlugin }]),
-    );
     hoisted.getThreadBindingManagerMock.mockReset();
     hoisted.setThreadBindingIdleTimeoutBySessionKeyMock.mockReset();
     hoisted.setThreadBindingMaxAgeBySessionKeyMock.mockReset();
diff --git a/src/commands/agents.bind.matrix.integration.test.ts b/src/commands/agents.bind.matrix.integration.test.ts
index 416d9f88250..e9f82a8dc69 100644
--- a/src/commands/agents.bind.matrix.integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/agents.bind.matrix.integration.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { matrixPlugin } from "../../extensions/matrix/src/channel.js";
 import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../plugins/runtime.js";
-import { createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createChannelTestPluginBase, createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
 import { agentsBindCommand } from "./agents.js";
 import { setDefaultChannelPluginRegistryForTests } from "./channel-test-helpers.js";
 import { baseConfigSnapshot, createTestRuntime } from "./test-runtime-config-helpers.js";
@@ -9,6 +8,20 @@ import { baseConfigSnapshot, createTestRuntime } from "./test-runtime-config-hel
 const readConfigFileSnapshotMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 const writeConfigFileMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined));
 
+const matrixBindingPlugin = {
+  ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "matrix" }),
+  setup: {
+    resolveBindingAccountId: ({ accountId, agentId }: { accountId?: string; agentId?: string }) => {
+      const explicit = accountId?.trim();
+      if (explicit) {
+        return explicit;
+      }
+      const agent = agentId?.trim();
+      return agent || "default";
+    },
+  },
+};
+
 vi.mock("../config/config.js", async (importOriginal) => ({
   ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("../config/config.js")>()),
   readConfigFileSnapshot: readConfigFileSnapshotMock,
@@ -26,7 +39,7 @@ describe("agents bind matrix integration", () => {
     runtime.exit.mockClear();
 
     setActivePluginRegistry(
-      createTestRegistry([{ pluginId: "matrix", plugin: matrixPlugin, source: "test" }]),
+      createTestRegistry([{ pluginId: "matrix", plugin: matrixBindingPlugin, source: "test" }]),
     );
   });
 
diff --git a/src/commands/health.snapshot.test.ts b/src/commands/health.snapshot.test.ts
index 03055c8eb17..24653eb187c 100644
--- a/src/commands/health.snapshot.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/health.snapshot.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
-import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { telegramPlugin } from "../../extensions/telegram/src/channel.js";
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import {
+  buildTokenChannelStatusSummary,
+  probeTelegram,
+  type ChannelPlugin as TelegramChannelPlugin,
+} from "../../extensions/telegram/runtime-api.js";
+import {
+  listTelegramAccountIds,
+  resolveTelegramAccount,
+} from "../../extensions/telegram/src/accounts.js";
 import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../plugins/runtime.js";
-import { createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createChannelTestPluginBase, createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
 import type { HealthSummary } from "./health.js";
 import { getHealthSnapshot } from "./health.js";
 
@@ -109,20 +117,32 @@ async function runSuccessfulTelegramProbe(
   return { calls, telegram };
 }
 
-let createPluginRuntime: typeof import("../plugins/runtime/index.js").createPluginRuntime;
-let setTelegramRuntime: typeof import("../../extensions/telegram/src/runtime.js").setTelegramRuntime;
+const telegramHealthPlugin: Pick<
+  TelegramChannelPlugin,
+  "id" | "meta" | "capabilities" | "config" | "status"
+> = {
+  ...createChannelTestPluginBase({ id: "telegram", label: "Telegram" }),
+  config: {
+    listAccountIds: (cfg) => listTelegramAccountIds(cfg),
+    resolveAccount: (cfg, accountId) => resolveTelegramAccount({ cfg, accountId }),
+    isConfigured: (account) => Boolean(account.token?.trim()),
+  },
+  status: {
+    buildChannelSummary: ({ snapshot }) => buildTokenChannelStatusSummary(snapshot),
+    probeAccount: async ({ account, timeoutMs }) =>
+      await probeTelegram(account.token, timeoutMs, {
+        proxyUrl: account.config.proxy,
+        network: account.config.network,
+        accountId: account.accountId,
+      }),
+  },
+};
 
 describe("getHealthSnapshot", () => {
-  beforeAll(async () => {
-    ({ createPluginRuntime } = await import("../plugins/runtime/index.js"));
-    ({ setTelegramRuntime } = await import("../../extensions/telegram/src/runtime.js"));
-  });
-
   beforeEach(() => {
     setActivePluginRegistry(
-      createTestRegistry([{ pluginId: "telegram", plugin: telegramPlugin, source: "test" }]),
+      createTestRegistry([{ pluginId: "telegram", plugin: telegramHealthPlugin, source: "test" }]),
     );
-    setTelegramRuntime(createPluginRuntime());
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
diff --git a/src/infra/heartbeat-runner.model-override.test.ts b/src/infra/heartbeat-runner.model-override.test.ts
index 92c89e0b026..0026297c56e 100644
--- a/src/infra/heartbeat-runner.model-override.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/heartbeat-runner.model-override.test.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { telegramPlugin } from "../../extensions/telegram/src/channel.js";
-import { setTelegramRuntime } from "../../extensions/telegram/src/runtime.js";
-import { whatsappPlugin } from "../../extensions/whatsapp/src/channel.js";
-import { setWhatsAppRuntime } from "../../extensions/whatsapp/src/runtime.js";
 import * as replyModule from "../auto-reply/reply.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
 import { resolveAgentMainSessionKey, resolveMainSessionKey } from "../config/sessions.js";
-import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../plugins/runtime.js";
-import { createPluginRuntime } from "../plugins/runtime/index.js";
-import { createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
 import { runHeartbeatOnce } from "./heartbeat-runner.js";
 import { seedSessionStore, withTempHeartbeatSandbox } from "./heartbeat-runner.test-utils.js";
 
 // Avoid pulling optional runtime deps during isolated runs.
 vi.mock("jiti", () => ({ createJiti: () => () => ({}) }));
+vi.mock("./outbound/deliver.js", () => ({
+  deliverOutboundPayloads: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
 
 type SeedSessionInput = {
   lastChannel: string;
@@ -44,17 +40,7 @@ async function withHeartbeatFixture(
   );
 }
 
-beforeEach(() => {
-  const runtime = createPluginRuntime();
-  setTelegramRuntime(runtime);
-  setWhatsAppRuntime(runtime);
-  setActivePluginRegistry(
-    createTestRegistry([
-      { pluginId: "whatsapp", plugin: whatsappPlugin, source: "test" },
-      { pluginId: "telegram", plugin: telegramPlugin, source: "test" },
-    ]),
-  );
-});
+beforeEach(() => {});
 
 afterEach(() => {
   vi.restoreAllMocks();