diff --git a/src/infra/approval-handler-bootstrap.test.ts b/src/infra/approval-handler-bootstrap.test.ts
index ad65f5e6b88..f98639c0048 100644
--- a/src/infra/approval-handler-bootstrap.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/approval-handler-bootstrap.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { createRuntimeChannel } from "../plugins/runtime/runtime-channel.js";
 import { startChannelApprovalHandlerBootstrap } from "./approval-handler-bootstrap.js";
+import { createApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapterStubs } from "./approval-handler.test-helpers.js";
 
 const { createChannelApprovalHandlerFromCapability } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   createChannelApprovalHandlerFromCapability: vi.fn(),
@@ -33,21 +34,7 @@ describe("startChannelApprovalHandlerBootstrap", () => {
       id: "slack",
       meta: { label: "Slack" },
       approvalCapability: {
-        nativeRuntime: {
-          availability: {
-            isConfigured: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
-            shouldHandle: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
-          },
-          presentation: {
-            buildPendingPayload: vi.fn(),
-            buildResolvedResult: vi.fn(),
-            buildExpiredResult: vi.fn(),
-          },
-          transport: {
-            prepareTarget: vi.fn(),
-            deliverPending: vi.fn(),
-          },
-        },
+        nativeRuntime: createApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapterStubs(),
       },
     }) as never;
 
diff --git a/src/infra/approval-handler-runtime.test.ts b/src/infra/approval-handler-runtime.test.ts
index 698ab26432c..a9e0e22128b 100644
--- a/src/infra/approval-handler-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/approval-handler-runtime.test.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@ import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import {
   createChannelApprovalHandlerFromCapability,
   createLazyChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter,
-  type ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter,
 } from "./approval-handler-runtime.js";
+import {
+  createApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapterStubs,
+  type ApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapterStubParams,
+} from "./approval-handler.test-helpers.js";
 import type { ExecApprovalRequest } from "./exec-approvals.js";
 
 type ApprovalCapability = NonNullable<
@@ -53,15 +56,7 @@ function makeNativeApprovalCapability(
     >["preferredSurface"];
     supportsApproverDmSurface?: boolean;
     resolveApproverDmTargets?: ApprovalNativeAdapter["resolveApproverDmTargets"];
-    resolveApprovalKind?: ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["resolveApprovalKind"];
-    buildResolvedResult?: ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["presentation"]["buildResolvedResult"];
-    unbindPending?: NonNullable<
-      ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["interactions"]
-    >["unbindPending"];
-    prepareTarget?: ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["transport"]["prepareTarget"];
-    deliverPending?: ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["transport"]["deliverPending"];
-    bindPending?: NonNullable<ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["interactions"]>["bindPending"];
-  } = {},
+  } & ApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapterStubParams = {},
 ): ApprovalCapability {
   const preferredSurface = params.preferredSurface ?? "origin";
   return {
@@ -78,31 +73,7 @@ function makeNativeApprovalCapability(
         ? { resolveApproverDmTargets: params.resolveApproverDmTargets }
         : {}),
     },
-    nativeRuntime: {
-      resolveApprovalKind: params.resolveApprovalKind,
-      availability: {
-        isConfigured: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
-        shouldHandle: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
-      },
-      presentation: {
-        buildPendingPayload: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ text: "pending" }),
-        buildResolvedResult: params.buildResolvedResult ?? vi.fn(),
-        buildExpiredResult: vi.fn(),
-      },
-      transport: {
-        prepareTarget:
-          params.prepareTarget ??
-          vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
-            dedupeKey: "origin-chat",
-            target: { to: "origin-chat" },
-          }),
-        deliverPending: params.deliverPending ?? vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ messageId: "1" }),
-      },
-      interactions: {
-        bindPending: params.bindPending ?? vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ bindingId: "bound" }),
-        unbindPending: params.unbindPending,
-      },
-    },
+    nativeRuntime: createApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapterStubs(params),
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/infra/approval-handler.test-helpers.ts b/src/infra/approval-handler.test-helpers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c8a51604f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/approval-handler.test-helpers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { vi } from "vitest";
+import type { ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter } from "./approval-handler-runtime.js";
+
+export type ApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapterStubParams = {
+  resolveApprovalKind?: ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["resolveApprovalKind"];
+  buildResolvedResult?: ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["presentation"]["buildResolvedResult"];
+  unbindPending?: NonNullable<ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["interactions"]>["unbindPending"];
+  prepareTarget?: ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["transport"]["prepareTarget"];
+  deliverPending?: ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["transport"]["deliverPending"];
+  bindPending?: NonNullable<ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter["interactions"]>["bindPending"];
+};
+
+export function createApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapterStubs(
+  params: ApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapterStubParams = {},
+): ChannelApprovalNativeRuntimeAdapter {
+  return {
+    resolveApprovalKind: params.resolveApprovalKind,
+    availability: {
+      isConfigured: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+      shouldHandle: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+    },
+    presentation: {
+      buildPendingPayload: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ text: "pending" }),
+      buildResolvedResult: params.buildResolvedResult ?? vi.fn(),
+      buildExpiredResult: vi.fn(),
+    },
+    transport: {
+      prepareTarget:
+        params.prepareTarget ??
+        vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+          dedupeKey: "origin-chat",
+          target: { to: "origin-chat" },
+        }),
+      deliverPending: params.deliverPending ?? vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ messageId: "1" }),
+    },
+    interactions: {
+      bindPending: params.bindPending ?? vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ bindingId: "bound" }),
+      unbindPending: params.unbindPending,
+    },
+  };
+}