diff --git a/src/agents/openai-completions-string-content.ts b/src/agents/openai-completions-string-content.ts
index 7d8e34d88e6..c43f56d2828 100644
--- a/src/agents/openai-completions-string-content.ts
+++ b/src/agents/openai-completions-string-content.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+// OpenAI Chat Completions compatibility helpers. Some providers only accept
+// role/content messages with plain string content instead of text block arrays.
 function flattenStringOnlyCompletionContent(content: unknown): unknown {
   if (!Array.isArray(content)) {
     return content;
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ function flattenStringOnlyCompletionContent(content: unknown): unknown {
   return textParts.join("\n");
 }
 
+/** Flatten string-only text block content arrays into newline-joined strings. */
 export function flattenCompletionMessagesToStringContent(messages: unknown[]): unknown[] {
   return messages.map((message) => {
     if (!message || typeof message !== "object") {
@@ -34,6 +37,7 @@ export function flattenCompletionMessagesToStringContent(messages: unknown[]): u
   });
 }
 
+/** Strip completion messages to role/content fields for strict providers. */
 export function stripCompletionMessagesToRoleContent(messages: unknown[]): unknown[] {
   return messages.map((message) => {
     if (!message || typeof message !== "object" || Array.isArray(message)) {
diff --git a/src/agents/provider-auth-aliases.ts b/src/agents/provider-auth-aliases.ts
index 937e41423aa..bf77564d20d 100644
--- a/src/agents/provider-auth-aliases.ts
+++ b/src/agents/provider-auth-aliases.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ import { loadPluginMetadataSnapshot } from "../plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.
 import type { PluginMetadataSnapshot } from "../plugins/plugin-metadata-snapshot.types.js";
 import type { PluginOrigin } from "../plugins/plugin-origin.types.js";
 
+// Provider auth aliases map deprecated or plugin-defined provider IDs to the
+// canonical provider used for credential lookup. Plugin origin priority keeps
+// configured aliases ahead of bundled/global/workspace aliases.
 export type ProviderAuthAliasLookupParams = {
   config?: OpenClawConfig;
   workspaceDir?: string;
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ function buildProviderAuthAliasMapCacheKey(
   });
 }
 
+/** Clear provider auth alias cache for tests that mutate plugin metadata. */
 export function resetProviderAuthAliasMapCacheForTest(): void {
   providerAuthAliasMapCache = new WeakMap<NodeJS.ProcessEnv, Map<string, Record<string, string>>>();
 }
@@ -108,6 +112,7 @@ function setPreferredAlias(params: {
   }
 }
 
+/** Resolve canonical auth provider aliases from plugin metadata. */
 export function resolveProviderAuthAliasMap(
   params?: ProviderAuthAliasLookupParams,
 ): Record<string, string> {
@@ -116,6 +121,8 @@ export function resolveProviderAuthAliasMap(
   let cacheKey: string | undefined;
   let envCache: Map<string, Record<string, string>> | undefined;
   if (!params?.metadataSnapshot) {
+    // Plugin metadata is process-stable for a control-plane fingerprint, so
+    // cache per env object without hiding explicit test snapshots.
     cacheKey = buildProviderAuthAliasMapCacheKey(params, env);
     envCache = providerAuthAliasMapCache.get(env);
     if (!envCache) {
@@ -195,6 +202,7 @@ export function resolveProviderAuthAliasMap(
   return aliases;
 }
 
+/** Resolve the provider ID that should be used for credential lookup. */
 export function resolveProviderIdForAuth(
   provider: string,
   params?: ProviderAuthAliasLookupParams,
diff --git a/src/agents/tool-call-shared.ts b/src/agents/tool-call-shared.ts
index efaf8d611c9..cc3b09b93a3 100644
--- a/src/agents/tool-call-shared.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tool-call-shared.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 import { normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty } from "@openclaw/normalization-core/string-coerce";
 
+// Shared validation for model-supplied tool call names. Names are kept compact
+// and ASCII-ish before comparing against any allowed-tool set.
 const TOOL_CALL_NAME_MAX_CHARS = 64;
 const TOOL_CALL_NAME_RE = /^[A-Za-z0-9_:.-]+$/;
 
+/** Normalize an optional iterable of allowed tool names for lookup. */
 export function normalizeAllowedToolNames(allowedToolNames?: Iterable<string>): Set<string> | null {
   if (!allowedToolNames) {
     return null;
@@ -21,6 +24,7 @@ export function normalizeAllowedToolNames(allowedToolNames?: Iterable<string>):
   return normalized.size > 0 ? normalized : null;
 }
 
+/** Return whether a model-supplied tool call name is syntactically and policy allowed. */
 export function isAllowedToolCallName(
   name: unknown,
   allowedToolNames: Set<string> | null,
diff --git a/src/agents/tool-display-common.ts b/src/agents/tool-display-common.ts
index 62025335d8d..4242c3c04d6 100644
--- a/src/agents/tool-display-common.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tool-display-common.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import { redactToolPayloadText } from "../logging/redact.js";
 import { resolveExecDetail, type ToolDetailMode } from "./tool-display-exec.js";
 import { asRecord } from "./tool-display-record.js";
 
+// Shared formatting helpers for compact tool-call display labels. Display text
+// is redacted and summarized so tool updates stay readable in chat/UI streams.
 type ToolDisplayActionSpec = {
   label?: string;
   detailKeys?: string[];
@@ -35,10 +37,12 @@ type CoerceDisplayValueOptions = {
   maxArrayEntries?: number;
 };
 
+/** Normalize a tool name for fallback display. */
 export function normalizeToolName(name?: string): string {
   return (name ?? "tool").trim();
 }
 
+/** Convert a tool identifier into a human-readable title. */
 export function defaultTitle(name: string): string {
   const cleaned = name.replace(/_/g, " ").trim();
   if (!cleaned) {
@@ -75,6 +79,7 @@ function resolveActionArg(args: unknown): string | undefined {
   return action || undefined;
 }
 
+/** Resolve display verb/detail from tool args and optional display metadata. */
 export function resolveToolVerbAndDetailForArgs(params: {
   toolKey: string;
   args?: unknown;
@@ -183,6 +188,7 @@ function lookupValueByPath(args: unknown, path: string): unknown {
   return current;
 }
 
+/** Format a detail path/key into a short display label. */
 export function formatDetailKey(raw: string, overrides: Record<string, string> = {}): string {
   let last = "";
   for (const segment of raw.split(".")) {
@@ -364,6 +370,8 @@ function collectWebSearchQueries(record: Record<string, unknown>): string[] {
 }
 
 function parseToolSearchCall(code: string): { target: string; args?: string } | undefined {
+  // This is a bounded summary parser for display only; execution still uses the
+  // real tool-search bridge and schema validation.
   const prefixMatch = code.match(/openclaw\.tools\.call\s*\(\s*/s);
   if (!prefixMatch || prefixMatch.index === undefined) {
     return undefined;
@@ -565,6 +573,7 @@ function summarizeToolSearchCallInput(raw: string | undefined): string | undefin
   return undefined;
 }
 
+/** Infer the bridged tool target displayed for tool_search_code snippets. */
 export function resolveToolSearchCodeDisplayTarget(
   args: unknown,
 ): ToolSearchCodeDisplayTarget | undefined {
@@ -771,6 +780,7 @@ function resolveToolVerbAndDetail(params: {
   return { verb, detail };
 }
 
+/** Normalize final detail text before attaching it to a tool display line. */
 export function formatToolDetailText(
   detail: string | undefined,
   opts: { prefixWithWith?: boolean } = {},