diff --git a/src/daemon/inspect.test.ts b/src/daemon/inspect.test.ts
index 94a6a63dd12..99c32c2cf4e 100644
--- a/src/daemon/inspect.test.ts
+++ b/src/daemon/inspect.test.ts
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ describe("findExtraGatewayServices (linux / scanSystemdDir) — real filesystem"
       await fs.mkdir(systemdDir, { recursive: true });
       await fs.writeFile(path.join(systemdDir, "openclaw-test.service"), TEST_SERVICE_CONTENTS);
       const result = await findExtraGatewayServices({ HOME: tmpHome });
-      expect(result).toEqual([]);
+      expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
     } finally {
       await fs.rm(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ describe("findExtraGatewayServices (linux / scanSystemdDir) — real filesystem"
           GATEWAY_SERVICE_CONTENTS,
         );
         const result = await findExtraGatewayServices({ HOME: tmpHome });
-        expect(result).toEqual([]);
+        expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
       } finally {
         await fs.rm(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
       }
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ describe("findExtraGatewayServices (linux / scanSystemdDir) — real filesystem"
           COMPANION_SERVICE_CONTENTS,
         );
         const result = await findExtraGatewayServices({ HOME: tmpHome });
-        expect(result).toEqual([]);
+        expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
       } finally {
         await fs.rm(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
       }
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ describe("findExtraGatewayServices (darwin / scanLaunchdDir) — real filesystem
 </dict></plist>`,
       );
       const result = await findExtraGatewayServices({ HOME: tmpHome });
-      expect(result).toEqual([]);
+      expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
     } finally {
       await fs.rm(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ describe("findExtraGatewayServices (darwin / scanLaunchdDir) — real filesystem
 </dict></plist>`,
       );
       const result = await findExtraGatewayServices({ HOME: tmpHome });
-      expect(result).toEqual([]);
+      expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
     } finally {
       await fs.rm(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ describe("findExtraGatewayServices (win32)", () => {
 
   it("skips schtasks queries unless deep mode is enabled", async () => {
     const result = await findExtraGatewayServices({});
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(execSchtasksMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ describe("findExtraGatewayServices (win32)", () => {
     });
 
     const result = await findExtraGatewayServices({}, { deep: true });
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("collects only non-openclaw marker tasks from schtasks output", async () => {
diff --git a/src/daemon/launchd.test.ts b/src/daemon/launchd.test.ts
index a9543489766..8da56149202 100644
--- a/src/daemon/launchd.test.ts
+++ b/src/daemon/launchd.test.ts
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ describe("launchd install", () => {
       mode: "kickstart",
       waitForPid: process.pid,
     });
-    expect(state.launchctlCalls).toEqual([]);
+    expect(state.launchctlCalls).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("surfaces detached handoff failures", async () => {
diff --git a/src/infra/device-pairing.test.ts b/src/infra/device-pairing.test.ts
index 6020ed5cbe2..07e13808aa7 100644
--- a/src/infra/device-pairing.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/device-pairing.test.ts
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ describe("device pairing tokens", () => {
 
     const paired = await getPairedDevice("device-1", baseDir);
     expect(paired && listEffectivePairedDeviceRoles(paired)).toEqual(["node", "operator"]);
-    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(paired?.tokens?.operator?.scopes).toEqual([
       "operator.read",
       "operator.talk.secrets",
@@ -655,8 +655,8 @@ describe("device pairing tokens", () => {
     expect(paired?.publicKey).toBe("public-key-node-1");
     expect(paired?.role).toBe("node");
     expect(paired?.roles).toEqual(["node"]);
-    expect(paired?.scopes).toEqual([]);
-    expect(paired?.approvedScopes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.scopes).toStrictEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.approvedScopes).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(paired?.tokens?.node).toMatchObject({ token: expect.any(String) });
     expect(paired?.tokens?.operator).toBeUndefined();
   });
@@ -903,8 +903,8 @@ describe("device pairing tokens", () => {
     await setupPairedNodeDevice(baseDir);
 
     const paired = await getPairedDevice("node-1", baseDir);
-    expect(paired?.scopes).toEqual([]);
-    expect(paired?.approvedScopes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.scopes).toStrictEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.approvedScopes).toStrictEqual([]);
 
     const seededToken = requireToken(paired?.tokens?.node?.token);
     await expect(
@@ -947,9 +947,9 @@ describe("device pairing tokens", () => {
     await approveDevicePairing(repair.request.requestId, { callerScopes: [] }, baseDir);
 
     const paired = await getPairedDevice("node-1", baseDir);
-    expect(paired?.scopes).toEqual([]);
-    expect(paired?.approvedScopes).toEqual([]);
-    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.scopes).toStrictEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.approvedScopes).toStrictEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   test("bootstrap pairing seeds node and operator device tokens explicitly", async () => {
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ describe("device pairing tokens", () => {
     expect(paired?.approvedScopes).toEqual(
       expect.arrayContaining(PAIRING_SETUP_BOOTSTRAP_PROFILE.scopes),
     );
-    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(paired?.tokens?.operator?.scopes).toEqual(
       expect.arrayContaining(PAIRING_SETUP_BOOTSTRAP_PROFILE.scopes),
     );
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ describe("device pairing tokens", () => {
 
     const paired = await getPairedDevice("bootstrap-device-operator-scope", baseDir);
     expect(paired?.tokens?.operator?.scopes).toEqual(["operator.read", "operator.write"]);
-    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   test("bootstrap pairing bounds approved baseline to handoff scopes", async () => {
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ describe("device pairing tokens", () => {
       "operator.talk.secrets",
       "operator.write",
     ]);
-    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(paired?.tokens?.node?.scopes).toStrictEqual([]);
     await expect(
       ensureDeviceToken({
         deviceId: "bootstrap-device-bounded-baseline",
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ describe("device pairing tokens", () => {
       "expected paired node device after revoke",
     );
     expect(paired.roles).toContain("node");
-    expect(listEffectivePairedDeviceRoles(paired)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(listEffectivePairedDeviceRoles(paired)).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(hasEffectivePairedDeviceRole(paired, "node")).toBe(false);
   });
 
@@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ describe("device pairing tokens", () => {
       createdAtMs: Date.now(),
       approvedAtMs: Date.now(),
     };
-    expect(listEffectivePairedDeviceRoles(device)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(listEffectivePairedDeviceRoles(device)).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(hasEffectivePairedDeviceRole(device, "node")).toBe(false);
     expect(hasEffectivePairedDeviceRole(device, "operator")).toBe(false);
   });
diff --git a/src/infra/restart-stale-pids.test.ts b/src/infra/restart-stale-pids.test.ts
index 5b938a1e0be..2c6100037c0 100644
--- a/src/infra/restart-stale-pids.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/restart-stale-pids.test.ts
@@ -216,12 +216,12 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
   describe("findGatewayPidsOnPortSync", () => {
     it("returns [] when lsof exits with non-zero status", () => {
       mockSpawnSync.mockReturnValue({ error: null, status: 1, stdout: "", stderr: "" });
-      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toStrictEqual([]);
     });
 
     it("logs warning when initial lsof scan exits with status > 1", () => {
       mockSpawnSync.mockReturnValue({ error: null, status: 2, stdout: "", stderr: "lsof error" });
-      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toStrictEqual([]);
       expect(mockRestartWarn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         expect.stringContaining("lsof exited with status 2"),
       );
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
         stdout: "",
         stderr: "",
       });
-      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toStrictEqual([]);
       expect(mockRestartWarn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         expect.stringContaining("lsof failed during initial stale-pid scan"),
       );
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
         stdout: lsofOutput([{ pid: otherPid, cmd: "nginx" }]),
         stderr: "",
       });
-      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toStrictEqual([]);
     });
 
     it("forwards the spawnTimeoutMs argument to spawnSync", () => {
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
       Object.defineProperty(process, "platform", { value: "win32", configurable: true });
       try {
         mockReadWindowsListeningPids.mockReturnValue([]);
-        expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toEqual([]);
+        expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toStrictEqual([]);
         expect(mockReadWindowsListeningPids).toHaveBeenCalledWith(18789, undefined);
         // lsof must NOT be invoked — Windows uses PowerShell/netstat
         expect(mockSpawnSync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
   describe("parsePidsFromLsofOutput (via findGatewayPidsOnPortSync stdout path)", () => {
     it("returns [] for empty lsof stdout (status 0, nothing listening)", () => {
       mockSpawnSync.mockReturnValue({ error: null, status: 0, stdout: "", stderr: "" });
-      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toStrictEqual([]);
     });
 
     it("parses multiple openclaw pids from a single lsof output block", () => {
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
         stdout: lsofOutput([{ pid: otherPid, cmd: "caddy" }]),
         stderr: "",
       });
-      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(findGatewayPidsOnPortSync(18789)).toStrictEqual([]);
     });
   });
 
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
     it("returns [] and does not call process.kill when port has no listeners", () => {
       mockSpawnSync.mockReturnValue({ error: null, status: 0, stdout: "", stderr: "" });
       const killSpy = vi.spyOn(process, "kill").mockReturnValue(true);
-      expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toEqual([]);
+      expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toStrictEqual([]);
       expect(killSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
       mockResolveGatewayPort.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
         throw new Error("config read error");
       });
-      expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toEqual([]);
+      expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toStrictEqual([]);
     });
 
     it("returns gracefully when lsof is unavailable from the start", () => {
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
         stderr: "",
       });
       const killSpy = vi.spyOn(process, "kill").mockReturnValue(true);
-      expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toEqual([]);
+      expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toStrictEqual([]);
       expect(killSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
         });
         const killSpy = vi.spyOn(process, "kill").mockReturnValue(true);
 
-        expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toEqual([]);
+        expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toStrictEqual([]);
         expect(mockReadWindowsListeningPidsResult).toHaveBeenCalledWith(18789, 400);
         expect(mockRestartWarn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
           expect.stringContaining("port 18789 still in use after 2000ms"),
@@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
         mockReadWindowsProcessArgsResult.mockReturnValue({ ok: false, permanent: false });
         const killSpy = vi.spyOn(process, "kill").mockReturnValue(true);
 
-        expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toEqual([]);
+        expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toStrictEqual([]);
         expect(mockReadWindowsProcessArgsResult).toHaveBeenCalledWith(stalePid, undefined);
         expect(mockRestartWarn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
           expect.stringContaining("port 18789 still in use after 2000ms"),
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
           return true;
         });
 
-        expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toEqual([]);
+        expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toStrictEqual([]);
         expect(mockSpawnSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
           "C:\\Windows\\System32\\taskkill.exe",
           ["/T", "/PID", String(stalePid)],
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ describe.skipIf(isWindows)("restart-stale-pids", () => {
           fakeNow += ms;
         });
 
-        expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toEqual([]);
+        expect(cleanStaleGatewayProcessesSync()).toStrictEqual([]);
         expect(mockSpawnSync).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
           1,
           "C:\\Windows\\System32\\taskkill.exe",
diff --git a/src/security/skill-scanner.test.ts b/src/security/skill-scanner.test.ts
index 193fd8e2c91..2d1487042fa 100644
--- a/src/security/skill-scanner.test.ts
+++ b/src/security/skill-scanner.test.ts
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ export function greet(name: string): string {
 }
 `;
     const findings = scanSource(source, "plugin.ts");
-    expect(findings).toEqual([]);
+    expect(findings).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("returns empty array for normal http client code (just a fetch GET)", () => {
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ const json = await response.json();
 console.log(json);
 `;
     const findings = scanSource(source, "plugin.ts");
-    expect(findings).toEqual([]);
+    expect(findings).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("does not treat fetch in names or comments as network send context", () => {
diff --git a/src/tui/components/chat-log.test.ts b/src/tui/components/chat-log.test.ts
index 64b64229b7e..bab5b1325a3 100644
--- a/src/tui/components/chat-log.test.ts
+++ b/src/tui/components/chat-log.test.ts
@@ -155,7 +155,9 @@ describe("ChatLog", () => {
 
     chatLog.addPendingUser("run-1", "continue", 5_000);
 
-    expect(chatLog.reconcilePendingUsers([{ text: "continue", timestamp: -56_000 }])).toEqual([]);
+    expect(chatLog.reconcilePendingUsers([{ text: "continue", timestamp: -56_000 }])).toStrictEqual(
+      [],
+    );
     expect(chatLog.countPendingUsers()).toBe(1);
   });
 });