diff --git a/src/auto-reply/reply/route-reply.test.ts b/src/auto-reply/reply/route-reply.test.ts
index e2eecad16a6..997e2bc4fa7 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/reply/route-reply.test.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/reply/route-reply.test.ts
@@ -9,11 +9,8 @@ import { slackOutbound } from "../../channels/plugins/outbound/slack.js";
 import { telegramOutbound } from "../../channels/plugins/outbound/telegram.js";
 import { whatsappOutbound } from "../../channels/plugins/outbound/whatsapp.js";
 import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../../plugins/runtime.js";
-import {
-  createIMessageTestPlugin,
-  createOutboundTestPlugin,
-  createTestRegistry,
-} from "../../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createOutboundTestPlugin, createTestRegistry } from "../../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createIMessageTestPlugin } from "../../test-utils/imessage-test-plugin.js";
 import { SILENT_REPLY_TOKEN } from "../tokens.js";
 
 const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
diff --git a/src/commands/channels.surfaces-signal-runtime-errors-channels-status-output.e2e.test.ts b/src/commands/channels.surfaces-signal-runtime-errors-channels-status-output.e2e.test.ts
index 0b4af8bd3d4..64976f667fe 100644
--- a/src/commands/channels.surfaces-signal-runtime-errors-channels-status-output.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/channels.surfaces-signal-runtime-errors-channels-status-output.e2e.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
 import { signalPlugin } from "../../extensions/signal/src/channel.js";
 import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../plugins/runtime.js";
-import { createIMessageTestPlugin, createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createIMessageTestPlugin } from "../test-utils/imessage-test-plugin.js";
 
 const configMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   readConfigFileSnapshot: vi.fn(),
diff --git a/src/gateway/hooks.test.ts b/src/gateway/hooks.test.ts
index b37bc621ac8..74141f78c4f 100644
--- a/src/gateway/hooks.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/hooks.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
 import type { ChannelPlugin } from "../channels/plugins/types.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
 import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../plugins/runtime.js";
-import { createIMessageTestPlugin, createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createTestRegistry } from "../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createIMessageTestPlugin } from "../test-utils/imessage-test-plugin.js";
 import {
   extractHookToken,
   isHookAgentAllowed,
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/deliver.test.ts b/src/infra/outbound/deliver.test.ts
index 3247149bec4..afe94f5bf49 100644
--- a/src/infra/outbound/deliver.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/deliver.test.ts
@@ -5,11 +5,8 @@ import { telegramOutbound } from "../../channels/plugins/outbound/telegram.js";
 import { whatsappOutbound } from "../../channels/plugins/outbound/whatsapp.js";
 import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../../plugins/runtime.js";
 import { markdownToSignalTextChunks } from "../../signal/format.js";
-import {
-  createIMessageTestPlugin,
-  createOutboundTestPlugin,
-  createTestRegistry,
-} from "../../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createOutboundTestPlugin, createTestRegistry } from "../../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createIMessageTestPlugin } from "../../test-utils/imessage-test-plugin.js";
 
 const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   appendAssistantMessageToSessionTranscript: vi.fn(async () => ({ ok: true, sessionFile: "x" })),
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.test.ts b/src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.test.ts
index 6b8bfd4ef79..28013c5764d 100644
--- a/src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/message-action-runner.test.ts
@@ -9,11 +9,8 @@ import { telegramPlugin } from "../../../extensions/telegram/src/channel.js";
 import { whatsappPlugin } from "../../../extensions/whatsapp/src/channel.js";
 import { jsonResult } from "../../agents/tools/common.js";
 import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../../plugins/runtime.js";
-import {
-  createIMessageTestPlugin,
-  createOutboundTestPlugin,
-  createTestRegistry,
-} from "../../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createOutboundTestPlugin, createTestRegistry } from "../../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createIMessageTestPlugin } from "../../test-utils/imessage-test-plugin.js";
 import { loadWebMedia } from "../../web/media.js";
 import { runMessageAction } from "./message-action-runner.js";
 
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/message.e2e.test.ts b/src/infra/outbound/message.e2e.test.ts
index c263a66a775..fa2dfea6ef5 100644
--- a/src/infra/outbound/message.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/message.e2e.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import type { ChannelOutboundAdapter, ChannelPlugin } from "../../channels/plugins/types.js";
 import { setActivePluginRegistry } from "../../plugins/runtime.js";
-import { createIMessageTestPlugin, createTestRegistry } from "../../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createTestRegistry } from "../../test-utils/channel-plugins.js";
+import { createIMessageTestPlugin } from "../../test-utils/imessage-test-plugin.js";
 import { sendMessage, sendPoll } from "./message.js";
 
 const setRegistry = (registry: ReturnType<typeof createTestRegistry>) => {
diff --git a/src/memory/qmd-manager.test.ts b/src/memory/qmd-manager.test.ts
index 11b622f7dae..b6354391d60 100644
--- a/src/memory/qmd-manager.test.ts
+++ b/src/memory/qmd-manager.test.ts
@@ -68,7 +68,13 @@ vi.mock("../logging/subsystem.js", () => ({
   },
 }));
 
-vi.mock("node:child_process", () => ({ spawn: vi.fn() }));
+vi.mock(import("node:child_process"), async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("node:child_process")>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    spawn: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
 
 import { spawn as mockedSpawn } from "node:child_process";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
diff --git a/src/telegram/sticker-cache.test.ts b/src/telegram/sticker-cache.test.ts
index 7d82c7651fe..0c9ac280406 100644
--- a/src/telegram/sticker-cache.test.ts
+++ b/src/telegram/sticker-cache.test.ts
@@ -10,9 +10,13 @@ import {
 } from "./sticker-cache.js";
 
 // Mock the state directory to use a temp location
-vi.mock("../config/paths.js", () => ({
-  STATE_DIR: "/tmp/openclaw-test-sticker-cache",
-}));
+vi.mock("../config/paths.js", async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("../config/paths.js")>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    STATE_DIR: "/tmp/openclaw-test-sticker-cache",
+  };
+});
 
 const TEST_CACHE_DIR = "/tmp/openclaw-test-sticker-cache/telegram";
 const TEST_CACHE_FILE = path.join(TEST_CACHE_DIR, "sticker-cache.json");
diff --git a/src/test-utils/channel-plugins.ts b/src/test-utils/channel-plugins.ts
index 783582b20de..f0ba062c94e 100644
--- a/src/test-utils/channel-plugins.ts
+++ b/src/test-utils/channel-plugins.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import type {
   ChannelPlugin,
 } from "../channels/plugins/types.js";
 import type { PluginRegistry } from "../plugins/registry.js";
-import { imessageOutbound } from "../channels/plugins/outbound/imessage.js";
-import { normalizeIMessageHandle } from "../imessage/targets.js";
 
 export const createTestRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"] = []): PluginRegistry => ({
   plugins: [],
@@ -24,62 +22,6 @@ export const createTestRegistry = (channels: PluginRegistry["channels"] = []): P
   diagnostics: [],
 });
 
-export const createIMessageTestPlugin = (params?: {
-  outbound?: ChannelOutboundAdapter;
-}): ChannelPlugin => ({
-  id: "imessage",
-  meta: {
-    id: "imessage",
-    label: "iMessage",
-    selectionLabel: "iMessage (imsg)",
-    docsPath: "/channels/imessage",
-    blurb: "iMessage test stub.",
-    aliases: ["imsg"],
-  },
-  capabilities: { chatTypes: ["direct", "group"], media: true },
-  config: {
-    listAccountIds: () => [],
-    resolveAccount: () => ({}),
-  },
-  status: {
-    collectStatusIssues: (accounts) =>
-      accounts.flatMap((account) => {
-        const lastError = typeof account.lastError === "string" ? account.lastError.trim() : "";
-        if (!lastError) {
-          return [];
-        }
-        return [
-          {
-            channel: "imessage",
-            accountId: account.accountId,
-            kind: "runtime",
-            message: `Channel error: ${lastError}`,
-          },
-        ];
-      }),
-  },
-  outbound: params?.outbound ?? imessageOutbound,
-  messaging: {
-    targetResolver: {
-      looksLikeId: (raw) => {
-        const trimmed = raw.trim();
-        if (!trimmed) {
-          return false;
-        }
-        if (/^(imessage:|sms:|auto:|chat_id:|chat_guid:|chat_identifier:)/i.test(trimmed)) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        if (trimmed.includes("@")) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        return /^\+?\d{3,}$/.test(trimmed);
-      },
-      hint: "<handle|chat_id:ID>",
-    },
-    normalizeTarget: (raw) => normalizeIMessageHandle(raw),
-  },
-});
-
 export const createOutboundTestPlugin = (params: {
   id: ChannelId;
   outbound: ChannelOutboundAdapter;
diff --git a/src/test-utils/imessage-test-plugin.ts b/src/test-utils/imessage-test-plugin.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0c02987edec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test-utils/imessage-test-plugin.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import type { ChannelOutboundAdapter, ChannelPlugin } from "../channels/plugins/types.js";
+import { imessageOutbound } from "../channels/plugins/outbound/imessage.js";
+import { normalizeIMessageHandle } from "../imessage/targets.js";
+
+export const createIMessageTestPlugin = (params?: {
+  outbound?: ChannelOutboundAdapter;
+}): ChannelPlugin => ({
+  id: "imessage",
+  meta: {
+    id: "imessage",
+    label: "iMessage",
+    selectionLabel: "iMessage (imsg)",
+    docsPath: "/channels/imessage",
+    blurb: "iMessage test stub.",
+    aliases: ["imsg"],
+  },
+  capabilities: { chatTypes: ["direct", "group"], media: true },
+  config: {
+    listAccountIds: () => [],
+    resolveAccount: () => ({}),
+  },
+  status: {
+    collectStatusIssues: (accounts) =>
+      accounts.flatMap((account) => {
+        const lastError = typeof account.lastError === "string" ? account.lastError.trim() : "";
+        if (!lastError) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        return [
+          {
+            channel: "imessage",
+            accountId: account.accountId,
+            kind: "runtime",
+            message: `Channel error: ${lastError}`,
+          },
+        ];
+      }),
+  },
+  outbound: params?.outbound ?? imessageOutbound,
+  messaging: {
+    targetResolver: {
+      looksLikeId: (raw) => {
+        const trimmed = raw.trim();
+        if (!trimmed) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (/^(imessage:|sms:|auto:|chat_id:|chat_guid:|chat_identifier:)/i.test(trimmed)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        if (trimmed.includes("@")) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        return /^\+?\d{3,}$/.test(trimmed);
+      },
+      hint: "<handle|chat_id:ID>",
+    },
+    normalizeTarget: (raw) => normalizeIMessageHandle(raw),
+  },
+});
diff --git a/src/tts/tts.test.ts b/src/tts/tts.test.ts
index 43389724b8a..a7fc0daec54 100644
--- a/src/tts/tts.test.ts
+++ b/src/tts/tts.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import * as tts from "./tts.js";
 
 vi.mock("@mariozechner/pi-ai", () => ({
   completeSimple: vi.fn(),
+  // Some auth helpers import oauth provider metadata at module load time.
+  getOAuthProviders: () => [],
+  getOAuthApiKey: vi.fn(async () => null),
 }));
 
 vi.mock("../agents/pi-embedded-runner/model.js", () => ({
diff --git a/vitest.unit.config.ts b/vitest.unit.config.ts
index 541dd864e46..20f6abe6885 100644
--- a/vitest.unit.config.ts
+++ b/vitest.unit.config.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ import { defineConfig } from "vitest/config";
 import baseConfig from "./vitest.config.ts";
 
 const baseTest = (baseConfig as { test?: { include?: string[]; exclude?: string[] } }).test ?? {};
-const include = baseTest.include ?? [
-  "src/**/*.test.ts",
-  "extensions/**/*.test.ts",
-  "test/format-error.test.ts",
-];
+const include = (
+  baseTest.include ?? ["src/**/*.test.ts", "extensions/**/*.test.ts", "test/format-error.test.ts"]
+).filter((pattern) => !pattern.includes("extensions/"));
 const exclude = baseTest.exclude ?? [];
 
 export default defineConfig({