diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/deliver.ts b/src/infra/outbound/deliver.ts
index 49f7446fd17..7f1aeb8323e 100644
--- a/src/infra/outbound/deliver.ts
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/deliver.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
-import { sendMediaWithLeadingCaption } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/reply-payload";
-import {
-  chunkByParagraph,
-  chunkMarkdownTextWithMode,
-  resolveChunkMode,
-  resolveTextChunkLimit,
-} from "../../auto-reply/chunk.js";
+import { resolveChunkMode, resolveTextChunkLimit } from "../../auto-reply/chunk.js";
 import type { ReplyPayload } from "../../auto-reply/types.js";
 import { loadChannelOutboundAdapter } from "../../channels/plugins/outbound/load.js";
 import type {
@@ -45,6 +39,11 @@ import {
 } from "./delivery-queue.js";
 import type { OutboundDeliveryFormattingOptions } from "./formatting.js";
 import type { OutboundIdentity } from "./identity.js";
+import {
+  planOutboundMediaMessageUnits,
+  planOutboundTextMessageUnits,
+  type OutboundMessageSendOverrides,
+} from "./message-plan.js";
 import type { DeliveryMirror } from "./mirror.js";
 import {
   createOutboundPayloadPlan,
@@ -82,14 +81,8 @@ async function loadChannelBootstrapRuntime() {
   return await channelBootstrapRuntimePromise;
 }
 
-type Chunker = (
-  text: string,
-  limit: number,
-  ctx?: { formatting?: OutboundDeliveryFormattingOptions },
-) => string[];
-
 type ChannelHandler = {
-  chunker: Chunker | null;
+  chunker: ChannelOutboundAdapter["chunker"] | null;
   chunkerMode?: "text" | "markdown";
   textChunkLimit?: number;
   supportsMedia: boolean;
@@ -111,45 +104,25 @@ type ChannelHandler = {
   resolveEffectiveTextChunkLimit?: (fallbackLimit?: number) => number | undefined;
   sendPayload?: (
     payload: ReplyPayload,
-    overrides?: {
-      replyToId?: string | null;
-      threadId?: string | number | null;
-      audioAsVoice?: boolean;
-    },
+    overrides?: OutboundMessageSendOverrides,
   ) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
   sendFormattedText?: (
     text: string,
-    overrides?: {
-      replyToId?: string | null;
-      threadId?: string | number | null;
-      audioAsVoice?: boolean;
-    },
+    overrides?: OutboundMessageSendOverrides,
   ) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult[]>;
   sendFormattedMedia?: (
     caption: string,
     mediaUrl: string,
-    overrides?: {
-      replyToId?: string | null;
-      threadId?: string | number | null;
-      audioAsVoice?: boolean;
-    },
+    overrides?: OutboundMessageSendOverrides,
   ) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
   sendText: (
     text: string,
-    overrides?: {
-      replyToId?: string | null;
-      threadId?: string | number | null;
-      audioAsVoice?: boolean;
-    },
+    overrides?: OutboundMessageSendOverrides,
   ) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
   sendMedia: (
     caption: string,
     mediaUrl: string,
-    overrides?: {
-      replyToId?: string | null;
-      threadId?: string | number | null;
-      audioAsVoice?: boolean;
-    },
+    overrides?: OutboundMessageSendOverrides,
   ) => Promise<OutboundDeliveryResult>;
 };
 
@@ -203,11 +176,16 @@ function createPluginHandler(
   const chunkerMode = outbound.chunkerMode;
   const resolveCtx = (overrides?: {
     replyToId?: string | null;
+    replyToIdSource?: "explicit" | "implicit";
     threadId?: string | number | null;
     audioAsVoice?: boolean;
   }): Omit<ChannelOutboundContext, "text" | "mediaUrl"> => ({
     ...baseCtx,
     replyToId: overrides && "replyToId" in overrides ? overrides.replyToId : baseCtx.replyToId,
+    replyToIdSource:
+      overrides && "replyToIdSource" in overrides
+        ? overrides.replyToIdSource
+        : baseCtx.replyToIdSource,
     threadId: overrides && "threadId" in overrides ? overrides.threadId : baseCtx.threadId,
     audioAsVoice: overrides?.audioAsVoice,
   });
@@ -841,55 +819,27 @@ async function deliverOutboundPayloadsCore(
     replyToId: params.replyToId,
     replyToMode: params.replyToMode,
   });
-  const chunkTextForDelivery = (text: string, limit: number): string[] =>
-    params.formatting
-      ? handler.chunker!(text, limit, { formatting: params.formatting })
-      : handler.chunker!(text, limit);
 
-  const sendTextChunks = async (
-    text: string,
-    overrides?: {
-      replyToId?: string | null;
-      replyToIdSource?: "explicit" | "implicit";
-      threadId?: string | number | null;
-      audioAsVoice?: boolean;
-    },
-  ) => {
-    const consumeReplyTo = <T extends NonNullable<typeof overrides>>(value: T): T =>
-      applyReplyToConsumption(value, {
-        consumeImplicitReply: value.replyToIdSource === "implicit",
-      });
-    throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
-    if (!handler.chunker || textLimit === undefined) {
-      results.push(await handler.sendText(text, consumeReplyTo(overrides ?? {})));
-      return;
-    }
-    if (chunkMode === "newline") {
-      const mode = handler.chunkerMode ?? "text";
-      const blockChunks =
-        mode === "markdown"
-          ? chunkMarkdownTextWithMode(text, textLimit, "newline")
-          : chunkByParagraph(text, textLimit);
-
-      if (!blockChunks.length && text) {
-        blockChunks.push(text);
+  const sendTextChunks = async (text: string, overrides: OutboundMessageSendOverrides = {}) => {
+    const units = planOutboundTextMessageUnits({
+      text,
+      overrides,
+      chunker: handler.chunker,
+      chunkerMode: handler.chunkerMode,
+      textLimit,
+      chunkMode,
+      formatting: params.formatting,
+      consumeReplyTo: (value) =>
+        applyReplyToConsumption(value, {
+          consumeImplicitReply: value.replyToIdSource === "implicit",
+        }),
+    });
+    for (const unit of units) {
+      if (unit.kind !== "text") {
+        continue;
       }
-      for (const blockChunk of blockChunks) {
-        const chunks = chunkTextForDelivery(blockChunk, textLimit);
-        if (!chunks.length && blockChunk) {
-          chunks.push(blockChunk);
-        }
-        for (const chunk of chunks) {
-          throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
-          results.push(await handler.sendText(chunk, consumeReplyTo(overrides ?? {})));
-        }
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-    const chunks = chunkTextForDelivery(text, textLimit);
-    for (const chunk of chunks) {
       throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
-      results.push(await handler.sendText(chunk, consumeReplyTo(overrides ?? {})));
+      results.push(await handler.sendText(unit.text, unit.overrides));
     }
   };
   const normalizedPayloads = normalizePayloadsForChannelDelivery(outboundPayloadPlan, handler);
@@ -951,14 +901,16 @@ async function deliverOutboundPayloadsCore(
 
       params.onPayload?.(payloadSummary);
       const replyToResolution = resolveCurrentReplyTo(effectivePayload);
-      const sendOverrides = {
+      const sendOverrides: OutboundMessageSendOverrides = {
         replyToId: replyToResolution.replyToId,
         replyToIdSource: replyToResolution.source,
-        threadId: params.threadId ?? undefined,
-        audioAsVoice: effectivePayload.audioAsVoice === true ? true : undefined,
-        forceDocument: params.forceDocument,
+        ...(params.threadId !== undefined ? { threadId: params.threadId } : {}),
+        ...(effectivePayload.audioAsVoice === true ? { audioAsVoice: true } : {}),
+        ...(params.forceDocument !== undefined ? { forceDocument: params.forceDocument } : {}),
       };
-      const applySendReplyToConsumption = <T extends typeof sendOverrides>(overrides: T): T =>
+      const applySendReplyToConsumption = <T extends OutboundMessageSendOverrides>(
+        overrides: T,
+      ): T =>
         applyReplyToConsumption(overrides, {
           consumeImplicitReply: replyToResolution.source === "implicit",
         });
@@ -1074,32 +1026,24 @@ async function deliverOutboundPayloadsCore(
       let firstMessageId: string | undefined;
       let lastMessageId: string | undefined;
       const beforeCount = results.length;
-      await sendMediaWithLeadingCaption({
+      const mediaUnits = planOutboundMediaMessageUnits({
         mediaUrls: payloadSummary.mediaUrls,
         caption: payloadSummary.text,
-        send: async ({ mediaUrl, caption }) => {
-          throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
-          if (handler.sendFormattedMedia) {
-            const delivery = await handler.sendFormattedMedia(
-              caption ?? "",
-              mediaUrl,
-              applySendReplyToConsumption(sendOverrides),
-            );
-            results.push(delivery);
-            firstMessageId ??= delivery.messageId;
-            lastMessageId = delivery.messageId;
-            return;
-          }
-          const delivery = await handler.sendMedia(
-            caption ?? "",
-            mediaUrl,
-            applySendReplyToConsumption(sendOverrides),
-          );
-          results.push(delivery);
-          firstMessageId ??= delivery.messageId;
-          lastMessageId = delivery.messageId;
-        },
+        overrides: sendOverrides,
+        consumeReplyTo: applySendReplyToConsumption,
       });
+      for (const unit of mediaUnits) {
+        if (unit.kind !== "media") {
+          continue;
+        }
+        throwIfAborted(abortSignal);
+        const delivery = handler.sendFormattedMedia
+          ? await handler.sendFormattedMedia(unit.caption ?? "", unit.mediaUrl, unit.overrides)
+          : await handler.sendMedia(unit.caption ?? "", unit.mediaUrl, unit.overrides);
+        results.push(delivery);
+        firstMessageId ??= delivery.messageId;
+        lastMessageId = delivery.messageId;
+      }
       await maybePinDeliveredMessage({
         handler,
         payload: effectivePayload,
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/message-plan.test.ts b/src/infra/outbound/message-plan.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19a001ad578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/message-plan.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { planOutboundMediaMessageUnits, planOutboundTextMessageUnits } from "./message-plan.js";
+import { createReplyToDeliveryPolicy } from "./reply-policy.js";
+
+describe("outbound message planning", () => {
+  it("plans text chunks with one implicit reply in single-use modes", () => {
+    const policy = createReplyToDeliveryPolicy({
+      replyToId: "reply-1",
+      replyToMode: "first",
+    });
+    const reply = policy.resolveCurrentReplyTo({});
+    const units = planOutboundTextMessageUnits({
+      text: "abcd",
+      textLimit: 2,
+      chunker: (text, limit) => [text.slice(0, limit), text.slice(limit)],
+      overrides: { replyToId: reply.replyToId, replyToIdSource: reply.source },
+      consumeReplyTo: (overrides) =>
+        policy.applyReplyToConsumption(overrides, {
+          consumeImplicitReply: overrides.replyToIdSource === "implicit",
+        }),
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      units.map((unit) =>
+        unit.kind === "text" ? [unit.kind, unit.text, unit.overrides.replyToId] : [unit.kind],
+      ),
+    ).toEqual([
+      ["text", "ab", "reply-1"],
+      ["text", "cd", undefined],
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps explicit text replies from consuming the implicit slot", () => {
+    const policy = createReplyToDeliveryPolicy({
+      replyToId: "implicit-reply",
+      replyToMode: "first",
+    });
+    const explicit = policy.resolveCurrentReplyTo({ replyToId: "explicit-reply" });
+    const firstUnits = planOutboundTextMessageUnits({
+      text: "explicit",
+      overrides: { replyToId: explicit.replyToId, replyToIdSource: explicit.source },
+      consumeReplyTo: (overrides) =>
+        policy.applyReplyToConsumption(overrides, {
+          consumeImplicitReply: overrides.replyToIdSource === "implicit",
+        }),
+    });
+    const implicit = policy.resolveCurrentReplyTo({});
+    const secondUnits = planOutboundTextMessageUnits({
+      text: "implicit",
+      overrides: { replyToId: implicit.replyToId, replyToIdSource: implicit.source },
+      consumeReplyTo: (overrides) =>
+        policy.applyReplyToConsumption(overrides, {
+          consumeImplicitReply: overrides.replyToIdSource === "implicit",
+        }),
+    });
+
+    expect(firstUnits[0]?.overrides.replyToId).toBe("explicit-reply");
+    expect(secondUnits[0]?.overrides.replyToId).toBe("implicit-reply");
+  });
+
+  it("plans media sends with one implicit reply and a leading caption", () => {
+    const policy = createReplyToDeliveryPolicy({
+      replyToId: "reply-1",
+      replyToMode: "batched",
+    });
+    const reply = policy.resolveCurrentReplyTo({});
+    const units = planOutboundMediaMessageUnits({
+      caption: "caption",
+      mediaUrls: ["https://example.com/1.png", "https://example.com/2.png"],
+      overrides: { replyToId: reply.replyToId, replyToIdSource: reply.source },
+      consumeReplyTo: (overrides) =>
+        policy.applyReplyToConsumption(overrides, {
+          consumeImplicitReply: overrides.replyToIdSource === "implicit",
+        }),
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      units.map((unit) =>
+        unit.kind === "media"
+          ? [unit.kind, unit.caption, unit.mediaUrl, unit.overrides.replyToId]
+          : [unit.kind],
+      ),
+    ).toEqual([
+      ["media", "caption", "https://example.com/1.png", "reply-1"],
+      ["media", undefined, "https://example.com/2.png", undefined],
+    ]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/message-plan.ts b/src/infra/outbound/message-plan.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f95747a5aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/message-plan.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import {
+  chunkByParagraph,
+  chunkMarkdownTextWithMode,
+  type ChunkMode,
+} from "../../auto-reply/chunk.js";
+import type { OutboundDeliveryFormattingOptions } from "./formatting.js";
+import type { ReplyToOverride } from "./reply-policy.js";
+
+export type OutboundMessageSendOverrides = ReplyToOverride & {
+  threadId?: string | number | null;
+  audioAsVoice?: boolean;
+  forceDocument?: boolean;
+};
+
+export type OutboundMessageUnit =
+  | {
+      kind: "text";
+      text: string;
+      overrides: OutboundMessageSendOverrides;
+    }
+  | {
+      kind: "media";
+      caption?: string;
+      mediaUrl: string;
+      overrides: OutboundMessageSendOverrides;
+    };
+
+export type OutboundMessageChunker = (
+  text: string,
+  limit: number,
+  ctx?: { formatting?: OutboundDeliveryFormattingOptions },
+) => string[];
+
+type PlanReplyToConsumption = <T extends OutboundMessageSendOverrides>(overrides: T) => T;
+
+function withPlannedReplyTo(
+  overrides: OutboundMessageSendOverrides,
+  consumeReplyTo?: PlanReplyToConsumption,
+): OutboundMessageSendOverrides {
+  return consumeReplyTo ? consumeReplyTo({ ...overrides }) : { ...overrides };
+}
+
+function chunkTextForPlan(params: {
+  text: string;
+  limit: number;
+  chunker: OutboundMessageChunker;
+  formatting?: OutboundDeliveryFormattingOptions;
+}): string[] {
+  return params.formatting
+    ? params.chunker(params.text, params.limit, { formatting: params.formatting })
+    : params.chunker(params.text, params.limit);
+}
+
+export function planOutboundTextMessageUnits(params: {
+  text: string;
+  overrides: OutboundMessageSendOverrides;
+  chunker?: OutboundMessageChunker | null;
+  chunkerMode?: "text" | "markdown";
+  textLimit?: number;
+  chunkMode?: ChunkMode;
+  formatting?: OutboundDeliveryFormattingOptions;
+  consumeReplyTo?: PlanReplyToConsumption;
+}): OutboundMessageUnit[] {
+  const planTextUnit = (text: string): OutboundMessageUnit => ({
+    kind: "text",
+    text,
+    overrides: withPlannedReplyTo(params.overrides, params.consumeReplyTo),
+  });
+
+  if (!params.chunker || params.textLimit === undefined) {
+    return [planTextUnit(params.text)];
+  }
+
+  if (params.chunkMode === "newline") {
+    const blockChunks =
+      (params.chunkerMode ?? "text") === "markdown"
+        ? chunkMarkdownTextWithMode(params.text, params.textLimit, "newline")
+        : chunkByParagraph(params.text, params.textLimit);
+
+    if (!blockChunks.length && params.text) {
+      blockChunks.push(params.text);
+    }
+
+    const units: OutboundMessageUnit[] = [];
+    for (const blockChunk of blockChunks) {
+      const chunks = chunkTextForPlan({
+        text: blockChunk,
+        limit: params.textLimit,
+        chunker: params.chunker,
+        formatting: params.formatting,
+      });
+      if (!chunks.length && blockChunk) {
+        chunks.push(blockChunk);
+      }
+      for (const chunk of chunks) {
+        units.push(planTextUnit(chunk));
+      }
+    }
+    return units;
+  }
+
+  return chunkTextForPlan({
+    text: params.text,
+    limit: params.textLimit,
+    chunker: params.chunker,
+    formatting: params.formatting,
+  }).map(planTextUnit);
+}
+
+export function planOutboundMediaMessageUnits(params: {
+  caption: string;
+  mediaUrls: readonly string[];
+  overrides: OutboundMessageSendOverrides;
+  consumeReplyTo?: PlanReplyToConsumption;
+}): OutboundMessageUnit[] {
+  return params.mediaUrls.map((mediaUrl, index) => ({
+    kind: "media" as const,
+    mediaUrl,
+    ...(index === 0 ? { caption: params.caption } : {}),
+    overrides: withPlannedReplyTo(params.overrides, params.consumeReplyTo),
+  }));
+}
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/reply-policy.ts b/src/infra/outbound/reply-policy.ts
index 11889333c8c..85583143fd8 100644
--- a/src/infra/outbound/reply-policy.ts
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/reply-policy.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import type { ReplyPayload } from "../../auto-reply/types.js";
 import type { ReplyToMode } from "../../config/types.js";
 
 export type ReplyToOverride = {
-  replyToId?: string | null;
-  replyToIdSource?: ReplyToResolution["source"];
+  replyToId?: string | null | undefined;
+  replyToIdSource?: ReplyToResolution["source"] | undefined;
 };
 
 export type ReplyToResolution = {