diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index cab361b79e4..76838ea551e 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai
 - Twitch/setup: load Twitch through the bundled setup-entry discovery path and keep setup/status account detection aligned with runtime config. (#68008) Thanks @gumadeiras.
 - Feishu/card actions: resolve card-action chat type from the Feishu chat API when stored context is missing, preferring `chat_mode` over `chat_type`, so DM-originated card actions no longer bypass `dmPolicy` by falling through to the group handling path. (#68201)
 - Cron/isolated-agent: preserve `trusted: false` on isolated cron awareness events mirrored into the main session, and forward the optional `trusted` flag through the gateway cron wrapper so explicit trust downgrades survive session-key scoping. (#68210)
+- Agents/fallback: recognize bare leading ZenMux `402 ...` quota-refresh errors without misclassifying plain numeric `402 ...` text, and keep the embedded fallback regression coverage stable. (#47579) Thanks @bwjoke.
 
 ## 2026.4.15
 
diff --git a/src/agents/model-fallback.run-embedded.e2e.test.ts b/src/agents/model-fallback.run-embedded.e2e.test.ts
index 25e575984fd..39d766889e1 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-fallback.run-embedded.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-fallback.run-embedded.e2e.test.ts
@@ -441,6 +441,28 @@ describe("runWithModelFallback + runEmbeddedPiAgent failover behavior", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("falls back across providers after a bare leading 402 quota-refresh assistant error", async () => {
+    await withAgentWorkspace(async ({ agentDir, workspaceDir }) => {
+      await writeAuthStore(agentDir);
+      mockPrimaryErrorThenFallbackSuccess(
+        "402 You have reached your subscription quota limit. Please wait for automatic quota refresh in the rolling time window, upgrade to a higher plan, or use a Pay-As-You-Go API Key for unlimited access.",
+      );
+
+      const result = await runEmbeddedFallback({
+        agentDir,
+        workspaceDir,
+        sessionKey: "agent:test:bare-402-cross-provider",
+        runId: "run:bare-402-cross-provider",
+      });
+
+      expect(result.provider).toBe("groq");
+      expect(result.model).toBe("mock-2");
+      expect(result.attempts[0]?.reason).toBe("rate_limit");
+      expect(result.result.payloads?.[0]?.text ?? "").toContain("fallback ok");
+      expectOpenAiThenGroqAttemptOrder();
+    });
+  });
+
   it("surfaces a bounded overloaded summary when every fallback candidate is overloaded", async () => {
     await withAgentWorkspace(async ({ agentDir, workspaceDir }) => {
       await writeAuthStore(agentDir);
diff --git a/src/agents/model-fallback.test.ts b/src/agents/model-fallback.test.ts
index 7420423d489..e9e3b81c28c 100644
--- a/src/agents/model-fallback.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/model-fallback.test.ts
@@ -485,6 +485,16 @@ describe("runWithModelFallback", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("falls back on bare leading 402 quota-refresh errors", async () => {
+    await expectFallsBackToHaiku({
+      provider: "openai",
+      model: "gpt-4.1-mini",
+      firstError: new Error(
+        "402 You have reached your subscription quota limit. Please wait for automatic quota refresh in the rolling time window, upgrade to a higher plan, or use a Pay-As-You-Go API Key for unlimited access.",
+      ),
+    });
+  });
+
   it("records 400 insufficient_quota payloads as billing during fallback", async () => {
     const cfg = makeCfg();
     const run = vi
diff --git a/src/agents/pi-embedded-helpers.isbillingerrormessage.test.ts b/src/agents/pi-embedded-helpers.isbillingerrormessage.test.ts
index e0999a1d9bb..813cb8b7cb4 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-embedded-helpers.isbillingerrormessage.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-embedded-helpers.isbillingerrormessage.test.ts
@@ -911,6 +911,17 @@ describe("classifyFailoverReasonFromHttpStatus – 402 temporary limits", () =>
     expect(classifyFailoverReasonFromHttpStatus(402, transientMessage)).toBe("rate_limit");
   });
 
+  it("classifies bare leading 402 quota-refresh payloads as rate_limit", () => {
+    const zenMuxMessage =
+      "402 You have reached your subscription quota limit. Please wait for automatic quota refresh in the rolling time window, upgrade to a higher plan, or use a Pay-As-You-Go API Key for unlimited access.";
+    expect(classifyFailoverReason(zenMuxMessage)).toBe("rate_limit");
+  });
+
+  it("does not classify numeric references that merely start with 402", () => {
+    expect(classifyFailoverReason("402 items found in the database")).toBeNull();
+    expect(classifyFailoverReason("402 records processed")).toBeNull();
+  });
+
   it("keeps plan-upgrade 402 limit messages in billing", () => {
     const billingMessage = "Your usage limit has been reached. Please upgrade your plan.";
     expect(classifyFailoverReason(`HTTP 402 Payment Required: ${billingMessage}`)).toBe("billing");
diff --git a/src/agents/pi-embedded-helpers/errors.ts b/src/agents/pi-embedded-helpers/errors.ts
index 1b065df245d..73f50535189 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-embedded-helpers/errors.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-embedded-helpers/errors.ts
@@ -295,6 +295,7 @@ const RETRYABLE_402_SCOPED_RESULT_HINTS = [
 ] as const;
 const RAW_402_MARKER_RE =
   /["']?(?:status|code)["']?\s*[:=]\s*402\b|\bhttp\s*402\b|\berror(?:\s+code)?\s*[:=]?\s*402\b|\b(?:got|returned|received)\s+(?:a\s+)?402\b|^\s*402\s+payment required\b|^\s*402\s+.*used up your points\b/i;
+const BARE_LEADING_402_RE = /^\s*402\b/i;
 const LEADING_402_WRAPPER_RE =
   /^(?:error[:\s-]+)?(?:(?:http\s*)?402(?:\s+payment required)?|payment required)(?:[:\s-]+|$)/i;
 const TIMEOUT_ERROR_CODES = new Set([
@@ -476,6 +477,15 @@ function hasRetryable402TransientSignal(text: string): boolean {
   );
 }
 
+function hasKnownBareLeading402Signal(text: string): boolean {
+  return (
+    hasQuotaRefreshWindowSignal(text) ||
+    hasExplicit402BillingSignal(text) ||
+    isRateLimitErrorMessage(text) ||
+    hasRetryable402TransientSignal(text)
+  );
+}
+
 function normalize402Message(raw: string): string {
   return normalizeOptionalLowercaseString(raw)?.replace(LEADING_402_WRAPPER_RE, "").trim() ?? "";
 }
@@ -506,7 +516,14 @@ function classify402Message(message: string): PaymentRequiredFailoverReason {
 }
 
 function classifyFailoverReasonFrom402Text(raw: string): PaymentRequiredFailoverReason | null {
-  if (!RAW_402_MARKER_RE.test(raw)) {
+  if (RAW_402_MARKER_RE.test(raw)) {
+    return classify402Message(raw);
+  }
+  if (!BARE_LEADING_402_RE.test(raw)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const normalized = normalize402Message(raw);
+  if (!normalized || !hasKnownBareLeading402Signal(normalized)) {
     return null;
   }
   return classify402Message(raw);
@@ -1157,6 +1174,15 @@ export function classifyFailoverReason(
 ): FailoverReason | null {
   const trimmed = raw.trim();
   const leadingStatus = extractLeadingHttpStatus(trimmed);
+  const reasonFrom402Text =
+    leadingStatus?.code === 402 ? classifyFailoverReasonFrom402Text(trimmed) : null;
+  if (
+    leadingStatus?.code === 402 &&
+    !reasonFrom402Text &&
+    !isHtmlErrorResponse(trimmed, leadingStatus.code)
+  ) {
+    return null;
+  }
   return failoverReasonFromClassification(
     classifyFailoverSignal({
       status: leadingStatus?.code,