function failOrUndefined(params: { onMissing: "throw" | "undefined"; message: string }): undefined {
  if (params.onMissing === "throw") {
    throw new Error(params.message);
  }
  return undefined;
}

export function decodeJsonPointerToken(token: string): string {
  return token.replace(/~1/g, "/").replace(/~0/g, "~");
}

export function encodeJsonPointerToken(token: string): string {
  return token.replace(/~/g, "~0").replace(/\//g, "~1");
}

export function readJsonPointer(
  root: unknown,
  pointer: string,
  options: { onMissing?: "throw" | "undefined" } = {},
): unknown {
  const onMissing = options.onMissing ?? "throw";
  if (!pointer.startsWith("/")) {
    return failOrUndefined({
      onMissing,
      message:
        'File-backed secret ids must be absolute JSON pointers (for example: "/providers/openai/apiKey").',
    });
  }

  const tokens = pointer
    .slice(1)
    .split("/")
    .map((token) => decodeJsonPointerToken(token));

  let current: unknown = root;
  for (const token of tokens) {
    if (Array.isArray(current)) {
      const index = Number.parseInt(token, 10);
      if (!Number.isFinite(index) || index < 0 || index >= current.length) {
        return failOrUndefined({
          onMissing,
          message: `JSON pointer segment "${token}" is out of bounds.`,
        });
      }
      current = current[index];
      continue;
    }
    if (typeof current !== "object" || current === null || Array.isArray(current)) {
      return failOrUndefined({
        onMissing,
        message: `JSON pointer segment "${token}" does not exist.`,
      });
    }
    const record = current as Record<string, unknown>;
    if (!Object.hasOwn(record, token)) {
      return failOrUndefined({
        onMissing,
        message: `JSON pointer segment "${token}" does not exist.`,
      });
    }
    current = record[token];
  }
  return current;
}

export function setJsonPointer(
  root: Record<string, unknown>,
  pointer: string,
  value: unknown,
): void {
  if (!pointer.startsWith("/")) {
    throw new Error(`Invalid JSON pointer "${pointer}".`);
  }

  const tokens = pointer
    .slice(1)
    .split("/")
    .map((token) => decodeJsonPointerToken(token));

  let current: Record<string, unknown> = root;
  for (let index = 0; index < tokens.length; index += 1) {
    const token = tokens[index];
    const isLast = index === tokens.length - 1;
    if (isLast) {
      current[token] = value;
      return;
    }
    const child = current[token];
    if (typeof child !== "object" || child === null || Array.isArray(child)) {
      current[token] = {};
    }
    current = current[token] as Record<string, unknown>;
  }
}