import fs from "node:fs";
import path from "node:path";
import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
import { resolveOpenClawPackageRootSync } from "../infra/openclaw-root.js";
import { normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty } from "../shared/string-coerce.js";
import { PluginLruCache } from "./plugin-cache-primitives.js";

type PluginSdkAliasCandidateKind = "dist" | "src";
export type PluginSdkResolutionPreference = "auto" | "dist" | "src";

export type LoaderModuleResolveParams = {
  modulePath?: string;
  argv1?: string;
  cwd?: string;
  moduleUrl?: string;
  pluginSdkResolution?: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
};

type PluginSdkPackageJson = {
  exports?: Record<string, unknown>;
  bin?: string | Record<string, unknown>;
};

const STARTUP_ARGV1 = process.argv[1];
const pluginSdkPackageJsonByRoot = new Map<string, PluginSdkPackageJson | null>();

export function normalizeJitiAliasTargetPath(targetPath: string): string {
  return process.platform === "win32" ? targetPath.replace(/\\/g, "/") : targetPath;
}

function resolveLoaderModulePath(params: LoaderModuleResolveParams = {}): string {
  return params.modulePath ?? fileURLToPath(params.moduleUrl ?? import.meta.url);
}

function readPluginSdkPackageJson(packageRoot: string): PluginSdkPackageJson | null {
  const cacheKey = path.resolve(packageRoot);
  if (pluginSdkPackageJsonByRoot.has(cacheKey)) {
    return pluginSdkPackageJsonByRoot.get(cacheKey) ?? null;
  }
  try {
    const pkgRaw = fs.readFileSync(path.join(packageRoot, "package.json"), "utf-8");
    const parsed = JSON.parse(pkgRaw) as PluginSdkPackageJson;
    pluginSdkPackageJsonByRoot.set(cacheKey, parsed);
    return parsed;
  } catch {
    pluginSdkPackageJsonByRoot.set(cacheKey, null);
    return null;
  }
}

function isSafePluginSdkSubpathSegment(subpath: string): boolean {
  return /^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9_-]*$/.test(subpath);
}

function listPluginSdkSubpathsFromPackageJson(pkg: PluginSdkPackageJson): string[] {
  return Object.keys(pkg.exports ?? {})
    .filter((key) => key.startsWith("./plugin-sdk/"))
    .map((key) => key.slice("./plugin-sdk/".length))
    .filter((subpath) => isSafePluginSdkSubpathSegment(subpath))
    .toSorted();
}

function hasTrustedOpenClawRootIndicator(params: {
  packageRoot: string;
  packageJson: PluginSdkPackageJson;
}): boolean {
  const packageExports = params.packageJson.exports ?? {};
  const hasPluginSdkRootExport = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
    packageExports,
    "./plugin-sdk",
  );
  if (!hasPluginSdkRootExport) {
    return false;
  }
  const hasCliEntryExport = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(packageExports, "./cli-entry");
  const hasOpenClawBin =
    (typeof params.packageJson.bin === "string" &&
      normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(params.packageJson.bin).includes("openclaw")) ||
    (typeof params.packageJson.bin === "object" &&
      params.packageJson.bin !== null &&
      typeof params.packageJson.bin.openclaw === "string");
  const hasOpenClawEntrypoint = fs.existsSync(path.join(params.packageRoot, "openclaw.mjs"));
  return hasCliEntryExport || hasOpenClawBin || hasOpenClawEntrypoint;
}

function readPluginSdkSubpathsFromPackageRoot(packageRoot: string): string[] | null {
  const pkg = readPluginSdkPackageJson(packageRoot);
  if (!pkg) {
    return null;
  }
  if (!hasTrustedOpenClawRootIndicator({ packageRoot, packageJson: pkg })) {
    return null;
  }
  const subpaths = listPluginSdkSubpathsFromPackageJson(pkg);
  return subpaths.length > 0 ? subpaths : null;
}

function resolveTrustedOpenClawRootFromArgvHint(params: {
  argv1?: string;
  cwd: string;
}): string | null {
  if (!params.argv1) {
    return null;
  }
  const packageRoot = resolveOpenClawPackageRootSync({
    cwd: params.cwd,
    argv1: params.argv1,
  });
  if (!packageRoot) {
    return null;
  }
  const packageJson = readPluginSdkPackageJson(packageRoot);
  if (!packageJson) {
    return null;
  }
  return hasTrustedOpenClawRootIndicator({ packageRoot, packageJson }) ? packageRoot : null;
}

function findNearestPluginSdkPackageRoot(startDir: string, maxDepth = 12): string | null {
  let cursor = path.resolve(startDir);
  for (let i = 0; i < maxDepth; i += 1) {
    const subpaths = readPluginSdkSubpathsFromPackageRoot(cursor);
    if (subpaths) {
      return cursor;
    }
    const parent = path.dirname(cursor);
    if (parent === cursor) {
      break;
    }
    cursor = parent;
  }
  return null;
}

export function resolveLoaderPackageRoot(
  params: LoaderModuleResolveParams & { modulePath: string },
): string | null {
  const cwd = params.cwd ?? path.dirname(params.modulePath);
  const fromModulePath = resolveOpenClawPackageRootSync({ cwd });
  if (fromModulePath) {
    return fromModulePath;
  }
  const argv1 = params.argv1 ?? process.argv[1];
  const moduleUrl = params.moduleUrl ?? (params.modulePath ? undefined : import.meta.url);
  return resolveOpenClawPackageRootSync({
    cwd,
    ...(argv1 ? { argv1 } : {}),
    ...(moduleUrl ? { moduleUrl } : {}),
  });
}

function resolveLoaderPluginSdkPackageRoot(
  params: LoaderModuleResolveParams & { modulePath: string },
): string | null {
  const cwd = params.cwd ?? path.dirname(params.modulePath);
  const fromCwd = resolveOpenClawPackageRootSync({ cwd });
  const fromExplicitHints =
    resolveTrustedOpenClawRootFromArgvHint({ cwd, argv1: params.argv1 }) ??
    (params.moduleUrl
      ? resolveOpenClawPackageRootSync({
          cwd,
          moduleUrl: params.moduleUrl,
        })
      : null);
  return (
    fromCwd ??
    fromExplicitHints ??
    findNearestPluginSdkPackageRoot(path.dirname(params.modulePath)) ??
    (params.cwd ? findNearestPluginSdkPackageRoot(params.cwd) : null) ??
    findNearestPluginSdkPackageRoot(process.cwd())
  );
}

export function resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder(params: {
  modulePath: string;
  isProduction: boolean;
  pluginSdkResolution?: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
}): PluginSdkAliasCandidateKind[] {
  if (params.pluginSdkResolution === "dist") {
    return ["dist", "src"];
  }
  if (params.pluginSdkResolution === "src") {
    return ["src", "dist"];
  }
  const normalizedModulePath = params.modulePath.replace(/\\/g, "/");
  const isDistRuntime = normalizedModulePath.includes("/dist/");
  return isDistRuntime || params.isProduction ? ["dist", "src"] : ["src", "dist"];
}

export function listPluginSdkAliasCandidates(params: {
  srcFile: string;
  distFile: string;
  modulePath: string;
  argv1?: string;
  cwd?: string;
  moduleUrl?: string;
  pluginSdkResolution?: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
}) {
  const orderedKinds = resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder({
    modulePath: params.modulePath,
    isProduction: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
    pluginSdkResolution: params.pluginSdkResolution,
  });
  const packageRoot = resolveLoaderPluginSdkPackageRoot(params);
  if (packageRoot) {
    const candidateMap = {
      src: path.join(packageRoot, "src", "plugin-sdk", params.srcFile),
      dist: path.join(packageRoot, "dist", "plugin-sdk", params.distFile),
    } as const;
    return orderedKinds.map((kind) => candidateMap[kind]);
  }
  let cursor = path.dirname(params.modulePath);
  const candidates: string[] = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i += 1) {
    const candidateMap = {
      src: path.join(cursor, "src", "plugin-sdk", params.srcFile),
      dist: path.join(cursor, "dist", "plugin-sdk", params.distFile),
    } as const;
    for (const kind of orderedKinds) {
      candidates.push(candidateMap[kind]);
    }
    const parent = path.dirname(cursor);
    if (parent === cursor) {
      break;
    }
    cursor = parent;
  }
  return candidates;
}

export function resolvePluginSdkAliasFile(params: {
  srcFile: string;
  distFile: string;
  modulePath?: string;
  argv1?: string;
  cwd?: string;
  moduleUrl?: string;
  pluginSdkResolution?: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
}): string | null {
  try {
    const modulePath = resolveLoaderModulePath(params);
    for (const candidate of listPluginSdkAliasCandidates({
      srcFile: params.srcFile,
      distFile: params.distFile,
      modulePath,
      argv1: params.argv1,
      cwd: params.cwd,
      moduleUrl: params.moduleUrl,
      pluginSdkResolution: params.pluginSdkResolution,
    })) {
      if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
        return candidate;
      }
    }
  } catch {
    // ignore
  }
  return null;
}

const MAX_PLUGIN_LOADER_ALIAS_CACHE_ENTRIES = 512;
const cachedPluginSdkExportedSubpaths = new PluginLruCache<string[]>(
  MAX_PLUGIN_LOADER_ALIAS_CACHE_ENTRIES,
);
const cachedPluginSdkScopedAliasMaps = new PluginLruCache<Record<string, string>>(
  MAX_PLUGIN_LOADER_ALIAS_CACHE_ENTRIES,
);
const PLUGIN_SDK_PACKAGE_NAMES = ["openclaw/plugin-sdk", "@openclaw/plugin-sdk"] as const;
const PLUGIN_SDK_SOURCE_CANDIDATE_EXTENSIONS = [
  ".ts",
  ".mts",
  ".js",
  ".mjs",
  ".cts",
  ".cjs",
] as const;
const BUNDLED_PLUGIN_PUBLIC_SURFACE_SOURCE_PATTERN = /^(?:api|runtime-api|test-api|.+-api)$/u;
const JS_STATIC_RELATIVE_DEPENDENCY_PATTERN =
  /(?:\bfrom\s*["']|\bimport\s*\(\s*["']|\brequire\s*\(\s*["'])(\.{1,2}\/[^"']+)["']/g;

function isUsableDistPluginSdkArtifact(candidate: string): boolean {
  if (!fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
    return false;
  }
  switch (normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(candidate))) {
    case ".js":
    case ".mjs":
    case ".cjs":
      break;
    default:
      return true;
  }
  try {
    const source = fs.readFileSync(candidate, "utf-8");
    for (const match of source.matchAll(JS_STATIC_RELATIVE_DEPENDENCY_PATTERN)) {
      const specifier = match[1];
      if (!specifier || fs.existsSync(path.resolve(path.dirname(candidate), specifier))) {
        continue;
      }
      return false;
    }
  } catch {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

function readPrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths(packageRoot: string): string[] {
  try {
    const raw = fs.readFileSync(
      path.join(packageRoot, "scripts", "lib", "plugin-sdk-private-local-only-subpaths.json"),
      "utf-8",
    );
    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
    if (!Array.isArray(parsed)) {
      return [];
    }
    return parsed.filter((subpath): subpath is string => isSafePluginSdkSubpathSegment(subpath));
  } catch {
    return [];
  }
}

function readBundledPluginPackageName(packageJsonPath: string): string | null {
  try {
    const parsed = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(packageJsonPath, "utf-8")) as { name?: unknown };
    const name = typeof parsed.name === "string" ? parsed.name.trim() : "";
    return name.startsWith("@openclaw/") ? name : null;
  } catch {
    return null;
  }
}

function isBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSourceBasename(params: {
  basename: string;
  includePrivateQa: boolean;
}): boolean {
  if (params.basename === "test-api") {
    return params.includePrivateQa;
  }
  return BUNDLED_PLUGIN_PUBLIC_SURFACE_SOURCE_PATTERN.test(params.basename);
}

function listBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSourceBasenames(params: {
  extensionSourceRoot: string;
  includePrivateQa: boolean;
}): string[] {
  try {
    return fs
      .readdirSync(params.extensionSourceRoot, { withFileTypes: true })
      .filter((entry) => entry.isFile())
      .map((entry) => entry.name)
      .flatMap((fileName) => {
        const ext = PLUGIN_SDK_SOURCE_CANDIDATE_EXTENSIONS.find((candidateExt) =>
          fileName.endsWith(candidateExt),
        );
        if (!ext) {
          return [];
        }
        const basename = fileName.slice(0, -ext.length);
        return isBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSourceBasename({
          basename,
          includePrivateQa: params.includePrivateQa,
        })
          ? [basename]
          : [];
      })
      .toSorted();
  } catch {
    return [];
  }
}

function resolveBundledPluginPublicSurfaceAliasTarget(params: {
  packageRoot: string;
  dirName: string;
  basename: string;
  orderedKinds: PluginSdkAliasCandidateKind[];
}): string | null {
  for (const kind of params.orderedKinds) {
    if (kind === "dist") {
      const candidate = path.join(
        params.packageRoot,
        "dist",
        "extensions",
        params.dirName,
        `${params.basename}.js`,
      );
      if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
        return candidate;
      }
      continue;
    }
    for (const ext of PLUGIN_SDK_SOURCE_CANDIDATE_EXTENSIONS) {
      const candidate = path.join(
        params.packageRoot,
        "extensions",
        params.dirName,
        `${params.basename}${ext}`,
      );
      if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
        return candidate;
      }
    }
  }
  return null;
}

function resolveBundledPluginPackagePublicSurfaceAliasMap(params: {
  modulePath: string;
  argv1?: string;
  moduleUrl?: string;
  pluginSdkResolution: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
}): Record<string, string> {
  const packageRoot = resolveLoaderPluginSdkPackageRoot(params);
  if (!packageRoot) {
    return {};
  }
  const extensionsRoot = path.join(packageRoot, "extensions");
  let extensionDirs: fs.Dirent[];
  try {
    extensionDirs = fs.readdirSync(extensionsRoot, { withFileTypes: true });
  } catch {
    return {};
  }
  const orderedKinds = resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder({
    modulePath: params.modulePath,
    isProduction: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
    pluginSdkResolution: params.pluginSdkResolution,
  });
  const includePrivateQa = shouldIncludePrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths();
  const aliasMap: Record<string, string> = {};
  for (const entry of extensionDirs) {
    if (!entry.isDirectory()) {
      continue;
    }
    const dirName = entry.name;
    const packageName = readBundledPluginPackageName(
      path.join(extensionsRoot, dirName, "package.json"),
    );
    if (!packageName) {
      continue;
    }
    for (const basename of listBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSourceBasenames({
      extensionSourceRoot: path.join(extensionsRoot, dirName),
      includePrivateQa,
    })) {
      const target = resolveBundledPluginPublicSurfaceAliasTarget({
        packageRoot,
        dirName,
        basename,
        orderedKinds,
      });
      if (!target) {
        continue;
      }
      aliasMap[`${packageName}/${basename}.js`] = normalizeJitiAliasTargetPath(target);
    }
  }
  return aliasMap;
}

function shouldIncludePrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths() {
  return process.env.OPENCLAW_ENABLE_PRIVATE_QA_CLI === "1";
}

function hasPluginSdkSubpathArtifact(packageRoot: string, subpath: string) {
  const distPath = path.join(packageRoot, "dist", "plugin-sdk", `${subpath}.js`);
  if (isUsableDistPluginSdkArtifact(distPath)) {
    return true;
  }
  return PLUGIN_SDK_SOURCE_CANDIDATE_EXTENSIONS.some((ext) =>
    fs.existsSync(path.join(packageRoot, "src", "plugin-sdk", `${subpath}${ext}`)),
  );
}

function listDistPluginSdkArtifactSubpaths(packageRoot: string): Set<string> {
  try {
    const distPluginSdkDir = path.join(packageRoot, "dist", "plugin-sdk");
    return new Set(
      fs
        .readdirSync(distPluginSdkDir, { withFileTypes: true })
        .filter((entry) => entry.isFile() && entry.name.endsWith(".js"))
        .map((entry) => entry.name.slice(0, -".js".length))
        .filter((subpath) => isSafePluginSdkSubpathSegment(subpath)),
    );
  } catch {
    return new Set();
  }
}

function listPrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths(packageRoot: string): string[] {
  if (!shouldIncludePrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths()) {
    return [];
  }
  return readPrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths(packageRoot).filter((subpath) =>
    hasPluginSdkSubpathArtifact(packageRoot, subpath),
  );
}

export function listPluginSdkExportedSubpaths(
  params: {
    modulePath?: string;
    argv1?: string;
    moduleUrl?: string;
    pluginSdkResolution?: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
  } = {},
): string[] {
  const modulePath = params.modulePath ?? fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
  const packageRoot = resolveLoaderPluginSdkPackageRoot({
    modulePath,
    argv1: params.argv1,
    moduleUrl: params.moduleUrl,
  });
  if (!packageRoot) {
    return [];
  }
  const cacheKey = `${packageRoot}::privateQa=${shouldIncludePrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths() ? "1" : "0"}`;
  const cached = cachedPluginSdkExportedSubpaths.get(cacheKey);
  if (cached) {
    return cached;
  }
  const subpaths = [
    ...new Set([
      ...(readPluginSdkSubpathsFromPackageRoot(packageRoot) ?? []),
      ...listPrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths(packageRoot),
    ]),
  ].toSorted();
  cachedPluginSdkExportedSubpaths.set(cacheKey, subpaths);
  return subpaths;
}

export function resolvePluginSdkScopedAliasMap(
  params: {
    modulePath?: string;
    argv1?: string;
    moduleUrl?: string;
    pluginSdkResolution?: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
  } = {},
): Record<string, string> {
  const modulePath = params.modulePath ?? fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
  const packageRoot = resolveLoaderPluginSdkPackageRoot({
    modulePath,
    argv1: params.argv1,
    moduleUrl: params.moduleUrl,
  });
  if (!packageRoot) {
    return {};
  }
  const orderedKinds = resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder({
    modulePath,
    isProduction: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
    pluginSdkResolution: params.pluginSdkResolution,
  });
  const cacheKey = `${packageRoot}::${orderedKinds.join(",")}::privateQa=${shouldIncludePrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths() ? "1" : "0"}`;
  const cached = cachedPluginSdkScopedAliasMaps.get(cacheKey);
  if (cached) {
    return cached;
  }
  const aliasMap: Record<string, string> = {};
  const distPluginSdkArtifacts = orderedKinds.includes("dist")
    ? listDistPluginSdkArtifactSubpaths(packageRoot)
    : new Set<string>();
  for (const subpath of listPluginSdkExportedSubpaths({
    modulePath,
    argv1: params.argv1,
    moduleUrl: params.moduleUrl,
    pluginSdkResolution: params.pluginSdkResolution,
  })) {
    for (const kind of orderedKinds) {
      if (kind === "dist") {
        if (!distPluginSdkArtifacts.has(subpath)) {
          continue;
        }
        const candidate = path.join(packageRoot, "dist", "plugin-sdk", `${subpath}.js`);
        if (isUsableDistPluginSdkArtifact(candidate)) {
          for (const packageName of PLUGIN_SDK_PACKAGE_NAMES) {
            aliasMap[`${packageName}/${subpath}`] = candidate;
          }
          break;
        }
        continue;
      }
      for (const ext of PLUGIN_SDK_SOURCE_CANDIDATE_EXTENSIONS) {
        const candidate = path.join(packageRoot, "src", "plugin-sdk", `${subpath}${ext}`);
        if (!fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
          continue;
        }
        for (const packageName of PLUGIN_SDK_PACKAGE_NAMES) {
          aliasMap[`${packageName}/${subpath}`] = candidate;
        }
        break;
      }
      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(aliasMap, `openclaw/plugin-sdk/${subpath}`)) {
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  cachedPluginSdkScopedAliasMaps.set(cacheKey, aliasMap);
  return aliasMap;
}

export function resolveExtensionApiAlias(params: LoaderModuleResolveParams = {}): string | null {
  try {
    const modulePath = resolveLoaderModulePath(params);
    const packageRoot = resolveLoaderPackageRoot({ ...params, modulePath });
    if (!packageRoot) {
      return null;
    }

    const orderedKinds = resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder({
      modulePath,
      isProduction: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
      pluginSdkResolution: params.pluginSdkResolution,
    });
    for (const kind of orderedKinds) {
      if (kind === "dist") {
        const candidate = path.join(packageRoot, "dist", "extensionAPI.js");
        if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
          return candidate;
        }
        continue;
      }
      for (const ext of PLUGIN_SDK_SOURCE_CANDIDATE_EXTENSIONS) {
        const candidate = path.join(packageRoot, "src", `extensionAPI${ext}`);
        if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
          return candidate;
        }
      }
    }
  } catch {
    // ignore
  }
  return null;
}

const JITI_NORMALIZED_ALIAS_SYMBOL = Symbol.for("pathe:normalizedAlias");
const JITI_ALIAS_ROOT_SENTINELS = new Set<string | undefined>(["/", "\\", undefined]);

// Memoize loader alias/config by effective resolution context so repeated
// loader setup avoids rebuilding the same filesystem-derived map and cache key.
// Include cwd/env inputs because the fallback root and private QA alias
// surfaces depend on them.
const aliasMapCache = new PluginLruCache<Record<string, string>>(
  MAX_PLUGIN_LOADER_ALIAS_CACHE_ENTRIES,
);
const normalizedJitiAliasMapCache = new PluginLruCache<Record<string, string>>(
  MAX_PLUGIN_LOADER_ALIAS_CACHE_ENTRIES,
);
const pluginLoaderModuleConfigCache = new PluginLruCache<{
  tryNative: boolean;
  aliasMap: Record<string, string>;
  cacheKey: string;
}>(MAX_PLUGIN_LOADER_ALIAS_CACHE_ENTRIES);

function hasJitiNormalizedAliasMarker(aliasMap: Record<string, string>) {
  return Boolean((aliasMap as Record<symbol, unknown>)[JITI_NORMALIZED_ALIAS_SYMBOL]);
}

function createJitiAliasContentCacheKey(aliasMap: Record<string, string>) {
  return JSON.stringify(
    Object.entries(aliasMap).toSorted(([left], [right]) => left.localeCompare(right)),
  );
}

function normalizePluginLoaderAliasMapForJiti(
  aliasMap: Record<string, string>,
): Record<string, string> {
  if (hasJitiNormalizedAliasMarker(aliasMap)) {
    return aliasMap;
  }
  const cacheKey = createJitiAliasContentCacheKey(aliasMap);
  const cached = normalizedJitiAliasMapCache.get(cacheKey);
  if (cached) {
    return cached;
  }
  const normalizedAliasMap = Object.fromEntries(
    Object.entries(aliasMap).toSorted(
      ([left], [right]) => right.split("/").length - left.split("/").length,
    ),
  );
  for (const aliasKey in normalizedAliasMap) {
    for (const candidateKey in normalizedAliasMap) {
      if (
        candidateKey === aliasKey ||
        aliasKey.startsWith(candidateKey) ||
        !normalizedAliasMap[aliasKey]?.startsWith(candidateKey) ||
        !JITI_ALIAS_ROOT_SENTINELS.has(normalizedAliasMap[aliasKey]?.[candidateKey.length])
      ) {
        continue;
      }
      normalizedAliasMap[aliasKey] =
        normalizedAliasMap[candidateKey] + normalizedAliasMap[aliasKey].slice(candidateKey.length);
    }
  }
  Object.defineProperty(normalizedAliasMap, JITI_NORMALIZED_ALIAS_SYMBOL, {
    value: true,
    enumerable: false,
  });
  normalizedJitiAliasMapCache.set(cacheKey, normalizedAliasMap);
  return normalizedAliasMap;
}

function buildPluginLoaderAliasMapCacheKey(params: {
  modulePath: string;
  argv1?: string;
  moduleUrl?: string;
  pluginSdkResolution: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
}) {
  return [
    params.modulePath,
    params.argv1 ?? "",
    params.moduleUrl ?? "",
    params.pluginSdkResolution,
    process.cwd(),
    process.env.NODE_ENV === "production" ? "production" : "non-production",
    shouldIncludePrivateLocalOnlyPluginSdkSubpaths() ? "private-qa" : "public",
  ].join("\0");
}

function buildPluginLoaderModuleConfigCacheKey(params: {
  modulePath: string;
  argv1?: string;
  moduleUrl: string;
  preferBuiltDist?: boolean;
  pluginSdkResolution?: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
}) {
  return [
    buildPluginLoaderAliasMapCacheKey({
      modulePath: params.modulePath,
      argv1: params.argv1,
      moduleUrl: params.moduleUrl,
      pluginSdkResolution: params.pluginSdkResolution ?? "auto",
    }),
    params.preferBuiltDist === true ? "prefer-built-dist" : "default-dist",
  ].join("\0");
}

export function buildPluginLoaderAliasMap(
  modulePath: string,
  argv1: string | undefined = STARTUP_ARGV1,
  moduleUrl?: string,
  pluginSdkResolution: PluginSdkResolutionPreference = "auto",
): Record<string, string> {
  const cacheKey = buildPluginLoaderAliasMapCacheKey({
    modulePath,
    argv1,
    moduleUrl,
    pluginSdkResolution,
  });
  const cached = aliasMapCache.get(cacheKey);
  if (cached) {
    return cached;
  }

  const pluginSdkAlias = resolvePluginSdkAliasFile({
    srcFile: "root-alias.cjs",
    distFile: "root-alias.cjs",
    modulePath,
    argv1,
    moduleUrl,
    pluginSdkResolution,
  });
  const extensionApiAlias = resolveExtensionApiAlias({ modulePath, pluginSdkResolution });
  const result: Record<string, string> = {
    ...(extensionApiAlias
      ? { "openclaw/extension-api": normalizeJitiAliasTargetPath(extensionApiAlias) }
      : {}),
    ...resolveBundledPluginPackagePublicSurfaceAliasMap({
      modulePath,
      argv1,
      moduleUrl,
      pluginSdkResolution,
    }),
    ...(pluginSdkAlias
      ? Object.fromEntries(
          PLUGIN_SDK_PACKAGE_NAMES.map((packageName) => [
            packageName,
            normalizeJitiAliasTargetPath(pluginSdkAlias),
          ]),
        )
      : {}),
    ...Object.fromEntries(
      Object.entries(
        resolvePluginSdkScopedAliasMap({ modulePath, argv1, moduleUrl, pluginSdkResolution }),
      ).map(([key, value]) => [key, normalizeJitiAliasTargetPath(value)]),
    ),
  };
  aliasMapCache.set(cacheKey, result);
  return result;
}

export function resolvePluginRuntimeModulePath(
  params: LoaderModuleResolveParams = {},
): string | null {
  try {
    const modulePath = resolveLoaderModulePath(params);
    const orderedKinds = resolvePluginSdkAliasCandidateOrder({
      modulePath,
      isProduction: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
      pluginSdkResolution: params.pluginSdkResolution,
    });
    const packageRoot = resolveLoaderPackageRoot({ ...params, modulePath });
    const candidates = packageRoot
      ? orderedKinds.map((kind) =>
          kind === "src"
            ? path.join(packageRoot, "src", "plugins", "runtime", "index.ts")
            : path.join(packageRoot, "dist", "plugins", "runtime", "index.js"),
        )
      : [
          path.join(path.dirname(modulePath), "runtime", "index.ts"),
          path.join(path.dirname(modulePath), "runtime", "index.js"),
        ];
    for (const candidate of candidates) {
      if (fs.existsSync(candidate)) {
        return candidate;
      }
    }
  } catch {
    // ignore
  }
  return null;
}

export function buildPluginLoaderJitiOptions(aliasMap: Record<string, string>) {
  const hasAliases = Object.keys(aliasMap).length > 0;
  const jitiAliasMap = hasAliases ? normalizePluginLoaderAliasMapForJiti(aliasMap) : aliasMap;
  return {
    interopDefault: true,
    // Prefer Node's native sync ESM loader for built dist/*.js modules so
    // bundled plugins and plugin-sdk subpaths stay on the canonical module graph.
    tryNative: true,
    extensions: [".ts", ".tsx", ".mts", ".cts", ".mtsx", ".ctsx", ".js", ".mjs", ".cjs", ".json"],
    ...(hasAliases
      ? {
          alias: jitiAliasMap,
        }
      : {}),
  };
}

function supportsNativeModuleRuntime(): boolean {
  const versions = process.versions as { bun?: string };
  return typeof versions.bun !== "string";
}

function isBundledPluginDistModulePath(modulePath: string): boolean {
  return modulePath.replace(/\\/g, "/").includes("/dist/extensions/");
}

export function shouldPreferNativeModuleLoad(modulePath: string): boolean {
  if (!supportsNativeModuleRuntime()) {
    return false;
  }
  switch (normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(modulePath))) {
    case ".js":
    case ".mjs":
    case ".cjs":
    case ".json":
      return true;
    default:
      return false;
  }
}

export function resolvePluginLoaderTryNative(
  modulePath: string,
  options?: {
    preferBuiltDist?: boolean;
  },
): boolean {
  if (isBundledPluginDistModulePath(modulePath)) {
    return shouldPreferNativeModuleLoad(modulePath);
  }
  return (
    shouldPreferNativeModuleLoad(modulePath) ||
    (supportsNativeModuleRuntime() &&
      options?.preferBuiltDist === true &&
      modulePath.includes(`${path.sep}dist${path.sep}`))
  );
}

export function createPluginLoaderModuleCacheKey(params: {
  tryNative: boolean;
  aliasMap: Record<string, string>;
}): string {
  return JSON.stringify({
    tryNative: params.tryNative,
    aliasMap: Object.entries(params.aliasMap).toSorted(([left], [right]) =>
      left.localeCompare(right),
    ),
  });
}

export function resolvePluginLoaderModuleConfig(params: {
  modulePath: string;
  argv1?: string;
  moduleUrl: string;
  preferBuiltDist?: boolean;
  pluginSdkResolution?: PluginSdkResolutionPreference;
}): {
  tryNative: boolean;
  aliasMap: Record<string, string>;
  cacheKey: string;
} {
  const configCacheKey = buildPluginLoaderModuleConfigCacheKey(params);
  const cached = pluginLoaderModuleConfigCache.get(configCacheKey);
  if (cached) {
    return cached;
  }

  const tryNative = resolvePluginLoaderTryNative(
    params.modulePath,
    params.preferBuiltDist ? { preferBuiltDist: true } : {},
  );
  const aliasMap = buildPluginLoaderAliasMap(
    params.modulePath,
    params.argv1,
    params.moduleUrl,
    params.pluginSdkResolution,
  );
  const result = {
    tryNative,
    aliasMap,
    cacheKey: createPluginLoaderModuleCacheKey({
      tryNative,
      aliasMap,
    }),
  };
  pluginLoaderModuleConfigCache.set(configCacheKey, result);
  return result;
}

export function isBundledPluginExtensionPath(params: {
  modulePath: string;
  openClawPackageRoot: string;
  bundledPluginsDir?: string;
}): boolean {
  const normalizedModulePath = path.resolve(params.modulePath);
  const roots = [
    params.bundledPluginsDir ? path.resolve(params.bundledPluginsDir) : null,
    path.join(params.openClawPackageRoot, "extensions"),
    path.join(params.openClawPackageRoot, "dist", "extensions"),
    path.join(params.openClawPackageRoot, "dist-runtime", "extensions"),
  ].filter((root): root is string => typeof root === "string");
  return roots.some(
    (root) =>
      normalizedModulePath === root || normalizedModulePath.startsWith(`${root}${path.sep}`),
  );
}