refactor: dedupe extension error formatting

extensions/amazon-bedrock-mantle/discovery.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { createSubsystemLogger } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/core";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import type {
   ModelDefinitionConfig,
   ModelProviderConfig,
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ export async function generateBearerTokenFromIam(params: {
   } catch (error) {
     log.debug?.("Mantle IAM token generation unavailable", {
       region: params.region,
-      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      error: formatErrorMessage(error),
     });
     return undefined;
   }
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ export async function discoverMantleModels(params: {
     return models;
   } catch (error) {
     log.debug?.("Mantle model discovery error", {
-      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      error: formatErrorMessage(error),
     });
     return cached?.models ?? [];
   }

extensions/discord/src/monitor/provider.ts

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ function classifyAcpStatusProbeError(params: {
     return { status: "stale", reason: "session-init-failed" };
   }
 
-  const message = params.error instanceof Error ? params.error.message : String(params.error);
+  const message = formatErrorMessage(params.error);
   if (isLegacyMissingSessionError(message)) {
     return { status: "stale", reason: "session-missing" };
   }

extensions/elevenlabs/speech-provider.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import { normalizeResolvedSecretInputString } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/secret-input";
 import type {
   SpeechDirectiveTokenParseContext,
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ function parseDirectiveToken(ctx: SpeechDirectiveTokenParseContext) {
   } catch (error) {
     return {
       handled: true,
-      warnings: [error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)],
+      warnings: [formatErrorMessage(error)],
     };
   }
 }

extensions/feishu/src/bitable.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type * as Lark from "@larksuiteoapi/node-sdk";
 import { Type } from "@sinclair/typebox";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import type { OpenClawPluginApi } from "../runtime-api.js";
 import { listEnabledFeishuAccounts } from "./accounts.js";
 import { createFeishuToolClient } from "./tool-account.js";
@@ -579,7 +580,7 @@ export function registerFeishuBitableTools(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
               }),
             );
           } catch (err) {
-            return json({ error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });
+            return json({ error: formatErrorMessage(err) });
           }
         },
       }),

extensions/feishu/src/chat.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type * as Lark from "@larksuiteoapi/node-sdk";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import type { OpenClawPluginApi } from "../runtime-api.js";
 import { listEnabledFeishuAccounts } from "./accounts.js";
 import { FeishuChatSchema, type FeishuChatParams } from "./chat-schema.js";
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ export function registerFeishuChatTools(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
               return json({ error: `Unknown action: ${String(p.action)}` });
           }
         } catch (err) {
-          return json({ error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });
+          return json({ error: formatErrorMessage(err) });
         }
       },
     },

extensions/feishu/src/docx.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { isAbsolute, resolve } from "node:path";
 import { basename } from "node:path";
 import type * as Lark from "@larksuiteoapi/node-sdk";
 import { Type } from "@sinclair/typebox";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import type { OpenClawPluginApi } from "../runtime-api.js";
 import { listEnabledFeishuAccounts } from "./accounts.js";
 import { FeishuDocSchema, type FeishuDocParams } from "./doc-schema.js";
@@ -916,7 +917,7 @@ async function createDoc(
         });
         requesterPermissionAdded = true;
       } catch (err) {
-        requesterPermissionError = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+        requesterPermissionError = formatErrorMessage(err);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -1549,7 +1550,7 @@ export function registerFeishuDocTools(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
                   return json({ error: "Unknown action" });
               }
             } catch (err) {
-              return json({ error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });
+              return json({ error: formatErrorMessage(err) });
             }
           },
         };
@@ -1573,7 +1574,7 @@ export function registerFeishuDocTools(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
             const result = await listAppScopes(getClient(undefined, ctx.agentAccountId));
             return json(result);
           } catch (err) {
-            return json({ error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });
+            return json({ error: formatErrorMessage(err) });
           }
         },
       }),

extensions/feishu/src/drive.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type * as Lark from "@larksuiteoapi/node-sdk";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import type { OpenClawPluginApi } from "../runtime-api.js";
 import { listEnabledFeishuAccounts } from "./accounts.js";
 import { encodeQuery, extractReplyText, isRecord, readString } from "./comment-shared.js";
@@ -687,7 +688,7 @@ export async function deliverCommentThreadText(
       console.warn(
         `[feishu_drive] comment metadata preflight failed ` +
           `comment=${params.comment_id} file_type=${params.file_type} ` +
-          `error=${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+          `error=${formatErrorMessage(error)}`,
       );
       isWholeComment = false;
     }

extensions/feishu/src/monitor.comment.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../runtime-api.js";
 import { resolveFeishuAccount } from "./accounts.js";
 import { raceWithTimeoutAndAbort } from "./async.js";
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ function safeJsonStringify(value: unknown): string {
     return JSON.stringify(value);
   } catch (error) {
     return JSON.stringify({
-      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      error: formatErrorMessage(error),
     });
   }
 }

extensions/feishu/src/probe.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import { raceWithTimeoutAndAbort } from "./async.js";
 import { createFeishuClient, type FeishuClientCredentials } from "./client.js";
 import type { FeishuProbeResult } from "./types.js";
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ export async function probeFeishu(
       {
         ok: false,
         appId: creds.appId,
-        error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+        error: formatErrorMessage(err),
       },
       PROBE_ERROR_TTL_MS,
     );

extensions/feishu/src/tool-result.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
+
 export function jsonToolResult(data: unknown) {
   return {
     content: [{ type: "text" as const, text: JSON.stringify(data, null, 2) }],
@@ -10,5 +12,5 @@ export function unknownToolActionResult(action: unknown) {
 }
 
 export function toolExecutionErrorResult(error: unknown) {
-  return jsonToolResult({ error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) });
+  return jsonToolResult({ error: formatErrorMessage(error) });
 }

extensions/lobster/src/lobster-runner.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { createRequire } from "node:module";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { Readable, Writable } from "node:stream";
 import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 
 export type LobsterEnvelope =
   | {
@@ -460,10 +461,7 @@ function createFallbackEmbeddedToolRuntime(deps: ToolRuntimeDeps): EmbeddedToolR
           });
           return normalizeWorkflowOutput(okEnvelope, output);
         } catch (error) {
-          return errorEnvelope(
-            "runtime_error",
-            error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-          );
+          return errorEnvelope("runtime_error", formatErrorMessage(error));
         }
       }
 
@@ -471,7 +469,7 @@ function createFallbackEmbeddedToolRuntime(deps: ToolRuntimeDeps): EmbeddedToolR
       try {
         parsed = deps.parsePipeline(String(pipeline));
       } catch (error) {
-        return errorEnvelope("parse_error", error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
+        return errorEnvelope("parse_error", formatErrorMessage(error));
       }
 
       try {
@@ -512,10 +510,7 @@ function createFallbackEmbeddedToolRuntime(deps: ToolRuntimeDeps): EmbeddedToolR
 
         return okEnvelope("ok", output.items, null);
       } catch (error) {
-        return errorEnvelope(
-          "runtime_error",
-          error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-        );
+        return errorEnvelope("runtime_error", formatErrorMessage(error));
       }
     },
 
@@ -526,7 +521,7 @@ function createFallbackEmbeddedToolRuntime(deps: ToolRuntimeDeps): EmbeddedToolR
       try {
         payload = deps.decodeResumeToken(token);
       } catch (error) {
-        return errorEnvelope("parse_error", error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
+        return errorEnvelope("parse_error", formatErrorMessage(error));
       }
 
       if (!approved) {
@@ -549,10 +544,7 @@ function createFallbackEmbeddedToolRuntime(deps: ToolRuntimeDeps): EmbeddedToolR
           });
           return normalizeWorkflowOutput(okEnvelope, output);
         } catch (error) {
-          return errorEnvelope(
-            "runtime_error",
-            error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-          );
+          return errorEnvelope("runtime_error", formatErrorMessage(error));
         }
       }
 
@@ -603,10 +595,7 @@ function createFallbackEmbeddedToolRuntime(deps: ToolRuntimeDeps): EmbeddedToolR
         }
         return okEnvelope("ok", output.items, null);
       } catch (error) {
-        return errorEnvelope(
-          "runtime_error",
-          error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-        );
+        return errorEnvelope("runtime_error", formatErrorMessage(error));
       }
     },
   };

extensions/speech-core/src/tts.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import type {
   TtsModelOverrideConfig,
   TtsProvider,
 } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/config-runtime";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import { redactSensitiveText } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/logging-core";
 import { resolveSendableOutboundReplyParts } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/reply-payload";
 import type { ReplyPayload } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/reply-runtime";
@@ -569,7 +570,7 @@ function formatTtsProviderError(provider: TtsProvider, err: unknown): string {
 }
 
 function sanitizeTtsErrorForLog(err: unknown): string {
-  const raw = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+  const raw = formatErrorMessage(err);
   return redactSensitiveText(raw).replace(/\r/g, "\\r").replace(/\n/g, "\\n").replace(/\t/g, "\\t");
 }
 

extensions/telegram/src/bot-message-dispatch.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import type {
   TelegramAccountConfig,
   TelegramDirectConfig,
 } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/config-runtime";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import { clearHistoryEntriesIfEnabled } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/reply-history";
 import { resolveSendableOutboundReplyParts } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/reply-payload";
 import type { ReplyPayload } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/reply-runtime";
@@ -568,9 +569,7 @@ export const dispatchTelegramMessage = async ({
         logVerbose("auto-topic-label: SessionKey is absent, skipping first-turn detection");
       }
     } catch (err) {
-      logVerbose(
-        `auto-topic-label: session store error: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`,
-      );
+      logVerbose(`auto-topic-label: session store error: ${formatErrorMessage(err)}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -957,9 +956,7 @@ export const dispatchTelegramMessage = async ({
             await bot.api.editForumTopic(chatId, topicThreadId, { name: label });
             logVerbose(`auto-topic-label: renamed topic ${chatId}/${topicThreadId}`);
           } catch (err) {
-            logVerbose(
-              `auto-topic-label: failed: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`,
-            );
+            logVerbose(`auto-topic-label: failed: ${formatErrorMessage(err)}`);
           }
         })();
       }

extensions/telegram/src/doctor.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
   type ChannelDoctorEmptyAllowlistAccountContext,
 } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/channel-contract";
 import { type OpenClawConfig } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/config-runtime";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import { inspectTelegramAccount } from "./account-inspect.js";
 import { listTelegramAccountIds, resolveTelegramAccount } from "./accounts.js";
 import { isNumericTelegramUserId, normalizeTelegramAllowFromEntry } from "./allow-from.js";
@@ -32,10 +33,6 @@ function sanitizeForLog(value: string): string {
   return value.replace(/\p{Cc}+/gu, " ").trim();
 }
 
-function describeUnknownError(error: unknown): string {
-  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
-}
-
 function hasAllowFromEntries(values?: DoctorAllowFromList): boolean {
   return Array.isArray(values) && values.some((entry) => String(entry).trim());
 }
@@ -170,7 +167,7 @@ export async function maybeRepairTelegramAllowFromUsernames(cfg: OpenClawConfig)
       inspected = inspectTelegramAccount({ cfg: resolvedConfig, accountId });
     } catch (error) {
       tokenResolutionWarnings.push(
-        `- Telegram account ${accountId}: failed to inspect bot token (${describeUnknownError(error)}).`,
+        `- Telegram account ${accountId}: failed to inspect bot token (${formatErrorMessage(error)}).`,
       );
       continue;
     }

extensions/telegram/src/thread-bindings.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { loadConfig } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/config-runtime";
 import {
+  formatErrorMessage,
   formatThreadBindingDurationLabel,
   registerSessionBindingAdapter,
   resolveThreadBindingConversationIdFromBindingId,
@@ -607,7 +608,7 @@ export function createTelegramThreadBindingManager(
           conversationId = `${result.chatId}:topic:${result.topicId}`;
         } catch (err) {
           logVerbose(
-            `telegram: child thread-binding failed for ${chatId}: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`,
+            `telegram: child thread-binding failed for ${chatId}: ${formatErrorMessage(err)}`,
           );
           return null;
         }

extensions/tlon/index.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { existsSync } from "node:fs";
 import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { defineBundledChannelEntry } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/channel-entry-contract";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 
 const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
 
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ export default defineBundledChannelEntry({
             content: [
               {
                 type: "text" as const,
-                text: `Error: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+                text: `Error: ${formatErrorMessage(error)}`,
               },
             ],
             details: { error: true },

extensions/tlon/src/monitor/media.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import { mkdir, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import * as path from "node:path";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import {
   fetchRemoteMedia,
   MAX_IMAGE_BYTES,
@@ -102,9 +103,7 @@ export async function downloadMedia(
       originalUrl: url,
     };
   } catch (error: unknown) {
-    console.error(
-      `[tlon-media] Error downloading ${url}: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
-    );
+    console.error(`[tlon-media] Error downloading ${url}: ${formatErrorMessage(error)}`);
     return null;
   }
 }

extensions/zalo/src/send.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import { resolveZaloAccount } from "./accounts.js";
 import type { ZaloFetch } from "./api.js";
 import { sendMessage, sendPhoto } from "./api.js";
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ async function runZaloSend(
     const result = toZaloSendResult(await send());
     return result.ok ? result : { ok: false, error: failureMessage };
   } catch (err) {
-    return { ok: false, error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) };
+    return { ok: false, error: formatErrorMessage(err) };
   }
 }
 

extensions/zalouser/src/probe.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import type { BaseProbeResult } from "../runtime-api.js";
 import type { ZcaUserInfo } from "./types.js";
 import { getZaloUserInfo } from "./zalo-js.js";
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ export async function probeZalouser(
   } catch (error) {
     return {
       ok: false,
-      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      error: formatErrorMessage(error),
     };
   }
 }

extensions/zalouser/src/tool.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Type } from "@sinclair/typebox";
+import { formatErrorMessage } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import type { AnyAgentTool, OpenClawPluginToolContext } from "../runtime-api.js";
 import { sendImageZalouser, sendLinkZalouser, sendMessageZalouser } from "./send.js";
 import { parseZalouserOutboundTarget } from "./session-route.js";
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ export async function executeZalouserTool(
     }
   } catch (err) {
     return json({
-      error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+      error: formatErrorMessage(err),
     });
   }
 }