chore(lint): enable unnecessary type parameter rule

.oxlintrc.json

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     "typescript/no-meaningless-void-operator": "error",
     "typescript/no-unnecessary-type-assertion": "error",
     "typescript/no-unnecessary-type-conversion": "error",
-    "typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters": "off",
+    "typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters": "error",
     "typescript/no-unsafe-type-assertion": "off",
     "typescript/no-useless-default-assignment": "error",
     "unicorn/consistent-function-scoping": "off",

extensions/browser/src/cli/browser-cli-actions-input/register.files-downloads.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ async function normalizeUploadPaths(paths: string[]): Promise<string[]> {
   return result.paths;
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Browser request result type is shared between request and success formatter.
 async function runBrowserPostAction<T>(params: {
   parent: BrowserParentOpts;
   profile: string | undefined;

extensions/browser/src/node-host/invoke-browser.ts

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ async function readBrowserProxyFile(filePath: string): Promise<BrowserProxyFile
   return { path: filePath, base64: buffer.toString("base64"), mimeType };
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- CLI JSON params are typed by the invoked method.
 function decodeParams<T>(raw?: string | null): T {
   if (!raw) {
     throw new Error("INVALID_REQUEST: paramsJSON required");

extensions/discord/src/actions/runtime.messaging.ts

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export async function handleDiscordMessagingAction(
     : accountId
       ? { accountId }
       : undefined;
-  const withReactionRuntimeOptions = <T extends Record<string, unknown>>(extra?: T) => ({
+  const withReactionRuntimeOptions = (extra?: Record<string, unknown>) => ({
     ...(reactionRuntimeOptions ?? cfgOptions),
     ...extra,
   });

extensions/discord/src/monitor.tool-result.test-helpers.ts

@@ -311,6 +311,7 @@ export function createMentionRequiredGuildConfig(overrides?: Partial<Config>): C
 }
 
 export function captureNextDispatchCtx<
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe captured dispatch context shape.
   T extends {
     SessionKey?: string;
     ParentSessionKey?: string;

extensions/discord/src/monitor/message-handler.batch-gate.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ type ReplyThreadingContext = {
   ReplyThreading?: ReplyThreadingPolicy;
 };
 
-export function applyImplicitReplyBatchGate<T extends object>(
-  ctx: T,
+export function applyImplicitReplyBatchGate(
+  ctx: object,
   replyToMode: ReplyToMode,
   isBatched: boolean,
 ) {
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ export function applyImplicitReplyBatchGate<T extends object>(
   if (!replyThreading) {
     return;
   }
-  (ctx as T & ReplyThreadingContext).ReplyThreading = replyThreading;
+  (ctx as ReplyThreadingContext).ReplyThreading = replyThreading;
 }

extensions/discord/src/outbound-adapter.test-harness.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ type DiscordSendModule = typeof import("./send.js");
 type DiscordSendComponentsModule = typeof import("./send.components.js");
 type DiscordThreadBindingsModule = typeof import("./monitor/thread-bindings.js");
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper preserves mock call and result types.
 function invokeMock<TArgs extends unknown[], TResult>(
   mock: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown,
   ...args: TArgs

extensions/discord/src/test-support/provider.test-support.ts

@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ export function mockResolvedDiscordAccountConfig(overrides: Record<string, unkno
   }));
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe handler params shape.
 export function getFirstDiscordMessageHandlerParams<T extends object>() {
   expect(createDiscordMessageHandlerMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   const firstCall = createDiscordMessageHandlerMock.mock.calls.at(0) as [T] | undefined;

extensions/feishu/src/bitable.ts

@@ -558,7 +558,10 @@ export function registerFeishuBitableTools(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
   const getClient = (params: AccountAwareParams | undefined, defaultAccountId?: string) =>
     createFeishuToolClient({ api, executeParams: params, defaultAccountId });
 
-  const registerBitableTool = <TParams extends AccountAwareParams>(params: {
+  const registerBitableTool = <
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Tool params bind each schema-specific executor to its registered tool.
+    TParams extends AccountAwareParams,
+  >(params: {
     name: string;
     label: string;
     description: string;

extensions/feishu/src/test-support/lifecycle-test-support.ts

@@ -413,13 +413,13 @@ async function loadMonitorSingleAccount() {
   return module.monitorSingleAccount;
 }
 
-export async function setupFeishuLifecycleHandler<T extends RuntimeEnv>(params: {
+export async function setupFeishuLifecycleHandler(params: {
   createEventDispatcherMock: {
     mockReturnValue: (value: unknown) => unknown;
     mockReturnValueOnce: (value: unknown) => unknown;
   };
   onRegister: (registered: Record<string, (data: unknown) => Promise<void>>) => void;
-  runtime: T;
+  runtime: RuntimeEnv;
   cfg: ClawdbotConfig;
   account: ResolvedFeishuAccount;
   handlerKey: string;

extensions/github-copilot/login.ts

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ type DeviceTokenResponse =
       error_uri?: string;
     };
 
-function parseJsonResponse<T>(value: unknown): T {
+function parseJsonResponse(value: unknown): Record<string, unknown> {
   if (!value || typeof value !== "object") {
     throw new Error("Unexpected response from GitHub");
   }
-  return value as T;
+  return value as Record<string, unknown>;
 }
 
 async function requestDeviceCode(params: { scope: string }): Promise<DeviceCodeResponse> {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ async function requestDeviceCode(params: { scope: string }): Promise<DeviceCodeR
     throw new Error(`GitHub device code failed: HTTP ${res.status}`);
   }
 
-  const json = parseJsonResponse<DeviceCodeResponse>(await res.json());
+  const json = parseJsonResponse(await res.json()) as DeviceCodeResponse;
   if (!json.device_code || !json.user_code || !json.verification_uri) {
     throw new Error("GitHub device code response missing fields");
   }
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ async function pollForAccessToken(params: {
       throw new Error(`GitHub device token failed: HTTP ${res.status}`);
     }
 
-    const json = parseJsonResponse<DeviceTokenResponse>(await res.json());
+    const json = parseJsonResponse(await res.json()) as DeviceTokenResponse;
     if ("access_token" in json && typeof json.access_token === "string") {
       return json.access_token;
     }

extensions/lmstudio/src/models.test.ts

@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ vi.mock("openclaw/plugin-sdk/ssrf-runtime", async (importOriginal) => {
 });
 
 describe("lmstudio-models", () => {
-  const asFetch = <T>(mock: T) => mock as unknown as typeof fetch;
-  const parseJsonRequestBody = <T>(init: RequestInit | undefined): T => {
+  const asFetch = (mock: unknown) => mock as typeof fetch;
+  const parseJsonRequestBody = (init: RequestInit | undefined): unknown => {
     if (typeof init?.body !== "string") {
       throw new Error("Expected request body to be a JSON string");
     }
-    return JSON.parse(init.body) as T;
+    return JSON.parse(init.body) as unknown;
   };
 
   afterEach(() => {
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ describe("lmstudio-models", () => {
     const loadCall = fetchMock.mock.calls.find((call) => String(call[0]).endsWith("/models/load"));
     expect(loadCall).toBeDefined();
     const loadInit = loadCall?.[1] as RequestInit;
-    const loadBody = parseJsonRequestBody<{ context_length: number }>(loadInit);
+    const loadBody = parseJsonRequestBody(loadInit) as { context_length: number };
     expect(loadBody.context_length).toBe(8192);
   });
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ describe("lmstudio-models", () => {
     const loadCall = fetchMock.mock.calls.find((call) => String(call[0]).endsWith("/models/load"));
     expect(loadCall).toBeDefined();
     const loadInit = loadCall?.[1] as RequestInit;
-    const loadBody = parseJsonRequestBody<{ context_length: number }>(loadInit);
+    const loadBody = parseJsonRequestBody(loadInit) as { context_length: number };
     expect(loadBody.context_length).toBe(32768);
   });
 
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ describe("lmstudio-models", () => {
       }),
     });
     const loadInit = loadCall![1] as RequestInit;
-    const loadBody = parseJsonRequestBody<{ context_length: number }>(loadInit);
+    const loadBody = parseJsonRequestBody(loadInit) as { context_length: number };
     expect(loadBody.context_length).not.toBe(LMSTUDIO_DEFAULT_LOAD_CONTEXT_LENGTH);
   });
 
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ describe("lmstudio-models", () => {
     const loadCall = fetchMock.mock.calls.find((call) => String(call[0]).endsWith("/models/load"));
     expect(loadCall).toBeDefined();
     const loadInit = loadCall?.[1] as unknown as RequestInit;
-    const loadBody = parseJsonRequestBody<{ context_length: number }>(loadInit);
+    const loadBody = parseJsonRequestBody(loadInit) as { context_length: number };
     expect(loadBody.context_length).toBe(8192);
   });
 

extensions/matrix/src/onboarding.test-harness.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ const previousMatrixEnv = Object.fromEntries(
   MATRIX_ENV_KEYS.map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]),
 ) as Record<(typeof MATRIX_ENV_KEYS)[number], string | undefined>;
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets callers ascribe plugin runtime shape.
 function createNonExitingTypedRuntimeEnv<TRuntime>(): TRuntime {
   return {
     log: vi.fn(),

extensions/memory-core/src/memory/manager-embedding-policy.ts

@@ -124,8 +124,6 @@ export async function runMemoryEmbeddingRetryLoop<T>(params: {
   }
 }
 
-export function buildTextEmbeddingInputs<T extends MemoryEmbeddingChunk>(
-  chunks: T[],
-): MemoryEmbeddingInput[] {
+export function buildTextEmbeddingInputs(chunks: MemoryEmbeddingChunk[]): MemoryEmbeddingInput[] {
   return chunks.map((chunk) => chunk.embeddingInput ?? { text: chunk.text });
 }

extensions/mistral/api.test.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
 } from "./api.js";
 import { contributeMistralResolvedModelCompat } from "./provider-compat.js";
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe provider compat shape.
 function readCompat<T>(model: unknown): T | undefined {
   return (model as { compat?: T }).compat;
 }

extensions/msteams/src/attachments/graph.ts

@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ export function buildMSTeamsGraphMessageUrls(params: {
   return Array.from(new Set(urls));
 }
 
-async function fetchGraphCollection<T>(params: {
+async function fetchGraphCollection(params: {
   url: string;
   accessToken: string;
   fetchFn?: typeof fetch;
   ssrfPolicy?: SsrFPolicy;
-}): Promise<{ status: number; items: T[] }> {
+}): Promise<{ status: number; items: unknown[] }> {
   const fetchFn = params.fetchFn ?? fetch;
   const { response, release } = await fetchWithSsrFGuard({
     url: params.url,
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ async function fetchGraphCollection<T>(params: {
       return { status, items: [] };
     }
     try {
-      const data = (await response.json()) as { value?: T[] };
+      const data = (await response.json()) as { value?: unknown[] };
       return { status, items: Array.isArray(data.value) ? data.value : [] };
     } catch {
       return { status, items: [] };
@@ -182,12 +182,12 @@ async function downloadGraphHostedContent(params: {
   ssrfPolicy?: SsrFPolicy;
   logger?: MSTeamsAttachmentDownloadLogger;
 }): Promise<{ media: MSTeamsInboundMedia[]; status: number; count: number }> {
-  const hosted = await fetchGraphCollection<GraphHostedContent>({
+  const hosted = (await fetchGraphCollection({
     url: `${params.messageUrl}/hostedContents`,
     accessToken: params.accessToken,
     fetchFn: params.fetchFn,
     ssrfPolicy: params.ssrfPolicy,
-  });
+  })) as { status: number; items: GraphHostedContent[] };
   if (hosted.items.length === 0) {
     return { media: [], status: hosted.status, count: 0 };
   }

extensions/msteams/src/graph.test.ts

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ function graphCollection<T>(...items: T[]) {
   return { value: items };
 }
 
-function mockGraphCollection<T>(...items: T[]) {
+function mockGraphCollection(...items: unknown[]) {
   mockJsonFetchResponse(graphCollection(...items));
 }
 

extensions/qa-matrix/src/runners/contract/runtime.ts

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ function writeMatrixQaProgress(message: string) {
   process.stderr.write(`[matrix-qa] ${message}\n`);
 }
 
-function countMatrixQaStatuses<T extends { status: "fail" | "pass" | "skip" }>(entries: T[]) {
+function countMatrixQaStatuses(entries: Array<{ status: "fail" | "pass" | "skip" }>) {
   return {
     failed: entries.filter((entry) => entry.status === "fail").length,
     passed: entries.filter((entry) => entry.status === "pass").length,

extensions/slack/src/channel.ts

@@ -379,10 +379,8 @@ export const slackPlugin: ChannelPlugin<ResolvedSlackAccount, SlackProbe> = crea
     }),
     resolver: {
       resolveTargets: async ({ cfg, accountId, inputs, kind }) => {
-        const toResolvedTarget = <
-          T extends { input: string; resolved: boolean; id?: string; name?: string },
-        >(
-          entry: T,
+        const toResolvedTarget = (
+          entry: { input: string; resolved: boolean; id?: string; name?: string },
           note?: string,
         ) => ({
           input: entry.input,

extensions/slack/src/monitor/provider.ts

@@ -65,7 +65,10 @@ type SlackSocketShutdownClient = {
 };
 type Constructor = abstract new (...args: never[]) => unknown;
 
-function isConstructorFunction<T extends Constructor>(value: unknown): value is T {
+function isConstructorFunction<
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Constructor guard preserves the requested concrete Slack constructor type.
+  T extends Constructor,
+>(value: unknown): value is T {
   return typeof value === "function";
 }
 

extensions/xai/src/code-execution-shared.ts

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export type XaiCodeExecutionResult = {
 export function resolveXaiCodeExecutionConfig(
   config?: Record<string, unknown>,
 ): XaiCodeExecutionConfig {
-  return coerceXaiToolConfig<XaiCodeExecutionConfig>(config);
+  return coerceXaiToolConfig(config) as XaiCodeExecutionConfig;
 }
 
 export function resolveXaiCodeExecutionModel(config?: Record<string, unknown>): string {

extensions/xai/src/tool-config-shared.ts

@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@ import { normalizeXaiModelId } from "../model-id.js";
 
 export { isRecord };
 
-export function coerceXaiToolConfig<TConfig extends Record<string, unknown>>(
+export function coerceXaiToolConfig(
   config: Record<string, unknown> | undefined,
-): TConfig {
-  return isRecord(config) ? (config as TConfig) : ({} as TConfig);
+): Record<string, unknown> {
+  return isRecord(config) ? config : {};
 }
 
 export function resolveNormalizedXaiToolModel(params: {
   config?: Record<string, unknown>;
   defaultModel: string;
 }): string {
-  const value = coerceXaiToolConfig<{ model?: unknown }>(params.config).model;
+  const value = coerceXaiToolConfig(params.config).model;
   return typeof value === "string" && value.trim()
     ? normalizeXaiModelId(value.trim())
     : params.defaultModel;
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export function resolvePositiveIntegerToolConfig(
   config: Record<string, unknown> | undefined,
   key: string,
 ): number | undefined {
-  const raw = coerceXaiToolConfig<Record<string, unknown>>(config)[key];
+  const raw = coerceXaiToolConfig(config)[key];
   if (typeof raw !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(raw)) {
     return undefined;
   }

extensions/xai/src/x-search-shared.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export type XaiXSearchResult = {
 };
 
 export function resolveXaiXSearchConfig(config?: Record<string, unknown>): XaiXSearchConfig {
-  return coerceXaiToolConfig<XaiXSearchConfig>(config);
+  return coerceXaiToolConfig(config) as XaiXSearchConfig;
 }
 
 export function resolveXaiXSearchModel(config?: Record<string, unknown>): string {

scripts/lib/extension-package-boundary.ts

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ export type ExtensionPackageBoundaryPackageJson = {
   devDependencies?: Record<string, string>;
 };
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Boundary helper lets callers ascribe JSON file shape.
 function readJsonFile<T>(filePath: string): T {
   return JSON.parse(readFileSync(filePath, "utf8")) as T;
 }

scripts/lib/plugin-npm-release.ts

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ export type PublishablePluginPackageCandidate<
   packageJson: TPackageJson;
 };
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Release helper preserves caller-specific package.json shape.
 function readPluginPackageJson<TPackageJson extends PluginPackageJson = PluginPackageJson>(
   path: string,
 ): TPackageJson {

src/agents/openai-tool-schema.ts

@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ function isStrictOpenAIJsonSchemaCompatibleRecursive(schema: unknown): boolean {
   });
 }
 
-export function resolveOpenAIStrictToolFlagForInventory<T extends ToolWithParameters>(
-  tools: readonly T[],
+export function resolveOpenAIStrictToolFlagForInventory(
+  tools: readonly ToolWithParameters[],
   strict: boolean | null | undefined,
 ): boolean | undefined {
   if (strict !== true) {

src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/run/attempt.spawn-workspace.test-support.ts

@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ vi.mock("../compaction-safety-timeout.js", () => ({
 vi.mock("../history.js", () => ({
   getDmHistoryLimitFromSessionKey: (sessionKey: string | undefined, config: unknown) =>
     hoisted.getDmHistoryLimitFromSessionKeyMock(sessionKey, config),
-  limitHistoryTurns: <T>(messages: T, limit: number | undefined) =>
+  limitHistoryTurns: (messages: unknown, limit: number | undefined) =>
     hoisted.limitHistoryTurnsMock(messages, limit),
 }));
 

src/agents/tools/media-tool-shared.ts

@@ -161,10 +161,10 @@ export function resolveSelectedCapabilityProvider<T extends CapabilityProvider>(
   });
 }
 
-export function resolveCapabilityModelCandidatesForTool<T extends CapabilityProvider>(params: {
+export function resolveCapabilityModelCandidatesForTool(params: {
   cfg?: OpenClawConfig;
   agentDir?: string;
-  providers: T[];
+  providers: CapabilityProvider[];
 }): string[] {
   const providerDefaults = new Map<string, string>();
   for (const provider of params.providers) {
@@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ export function resolveCapabilityModelCandidatesForTool<T extends CapabilityProv
   return orderedRefs;
 }
 
-export function resolveCapabilityModelConfigForTool<T extends CapabilityProvider>(params: {
+export function resolveCapabilityModelConfigForTool(params: {
   cfg?: OpenClawConfig;
   agentDir?: string;
   modelConfig?: AgentModelConfig;
-  providers: T[];
+  providers: CapabilityProvider[];
 }): ToolModelConfig | null {
   const explicit = coerceToolModelConfig(params.modelConfig);
   if (hasToolModelConfig(explicit)) {

src/agents/tools/web-fetch.ts

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ type WebFetchConfig = NonNullable<OpenClawConfig["tools"]>["web"] extends infer
   : undefined;
 
 function resolveFetchConfig(cfg?: OpenClawConfig): WebFetchConfig {
-  return resolveWebProviderConfig<"fetch", NonNullable<WebFetchConfig>>(cfg, "fetch");
+  return resolveWebProviderConfig(cfg, "fetch") as NonNullable<WebFetchConfig> | undefined;
 }
 
 function resolveFetchEnabled(params: { fetch?: WebFetchConfig; sandboxed?: boolean }): boolean {

src/auto-reply/reply.triggers.trigger-handling.filters-usage-summary-current-model-provider.cases.ts

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ async function readSessionStore(storePath: string): Promise<Record<string, unkno
   return JSON.parse(raw) as Record<string, unknown>;
 }
 
-function pickFirstStoreEntry<T>(store: Record<string, unknown>): T | undefined {
-  const entries = Object.values(store) as T[];
+function pickFirstStoreEntry(store: Record<string, unknown>): unknown {
+  const entries = Object.values(store);
   return entries[0];
 }
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export function registerTriggerHandlingUsageSummaryCases(params: {
         expect(replyText(r3)).toContain("Usage footer: tokens");
 
         const finalStore = await readSessionStore(usageStorePath);
-        expect(pickFirstStoreEntry<{ responseUsage?: string }>(finalStore)?.responseUsage).toBe(
+        expect((pickFirstStoreEntry(finalStore) as { responseUsage?: string })?.responseUsage).toBe(
           "tokens",
         );
         expect(runEmbeddedPiAgentMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

src/auto-reply/reply/reply-utils.test.ts

@@ -467,14 +467,14 @@ describe("parseAudioTag", () => {
 });
 
 describe("resolveResponsePrefixTemplate", () => {
-  function expectResolvedTemplateCases<
-    T extends ReadonlyArray<{
+  function expectResolvedTemplateCases(
+    cases: ReadonlyArray<{
       name: string;
       template: string | undefined;
       values: Parameters<typeof resolveResponsePrefixTemplate>[1];
       expected: string | undefined;
     }>,
-  >(cases: T) {
+  ) {
     for (const testCase of cases) {
       expect(resolveResponsePrefixTemplate(testCase.template, testCase.values), testCase.name).toBe(
         testCase.expected,

src/channels/plugins/account-helpers.ts

@@ -176,14 +176,14 @@ export function resolveMergedAccountConfig<TConfig extends Record<string, unknow
   });
 }
 
-export function describeAccountSnapshot<
-  TAccount extends {
-    accountId?: string | null;
-    enabled?: boolean | null;
-    name?: string | null | undefined;
-  },
->(params: {
-  account: TAccount;
+type AccountSnapshotInput = {
+  accountId?: string | null;
+  enabled?: boolean | null;
+  name?: string | null | undefined;
+};
+
+export function describeAccountSnapshot(params: {
+  account: AccountSnapshotInput;
   configured?: boolean | undefined;
   extra?: Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
 }): ChannelAccountSnapshot {
@@ -196,14 +196,8 @@ export function describeAccountSnapshot<
   };
 }
 
-export function describeWebhookAccountSnapshot<
-  TAccount extends {
-    accountId?: string | null;
-    enabled?: boolean | null;
-    name?: string | null | undefined;
-  },
->(params: {
-  account: TAccount;
+export function describeWebhookAccountSnapshot(params: {
+  account: AccountSnapshotInput;
   configured?: boolean | undefined;
   mode?: string | undefined;
   extra?: Record<string, unknown> | undefined;

src/channels/plugins/channel-runtime-surface.types.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ export type ChannelRuntimeContextRegistry = {
       abortSignal?: AbortSignal;
     },
   ) => { dispose: () => void };
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Runtime context values are caller-typed by key.
   get: <T = unknown>(params: ChannelRuntimeContextKey) => T | undefined;
   watch: (params: {
     channelId?: string;

src/channels/plugins/chat-target-prefixes.ts

@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ export type ChatSenderAllowParams = {
   chatIdentifier?: string | null;
 };
 
-function isAllowedParsedChatSender<TParsed extends ParsedChatAllowTarget>(params: {
+function isAllowedParsedChatSender(params: {
   allowFrom: Array<string | number>;
   sender: string;
   chatId?: number | null;
   chatGuid?: string | null;
   chatIdentifier?: string | null;
   normalizeSender: (sender: string) => string;
-  parseAllowTarget: (entry: string) => TParsed;
+  parseAllowTarget: (entry: string) => ParsedChatAllowTarget;
 }): boolean {
   const allowFrom = normalizeStringEntries(params.allowFrom);
   if (allowFrom.length === 0) {
@@ -224,9 +224,9 @@ export function resolveServicePrefixedOrChatAllowTarget<
   return null;
 }
 
-export function createAllowedChatSenderMatcher<TParsed extends ParsedChatAllowTarget>(params: {
+export function createAllowedChatSenderMatcher(params: {
   normalizeSender: (sender: string) => string;
-  parseAllowTarget: (entry: string) => TParsed;
+  parseAllowTarget: (entry: string) => ParsedChatAllowTarget;
 }): (input: ChatSenderAllowParams) => boolean {
   return (input) =>
     isAllowedParsedChatSender({

src/channels/plugins/config-schema.ts

@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ type ExtendableZodObject = ZodTypeAny & {
 export const AllowFromEntrySchema = z.union([z.string(), z.number()]);
 export const AllowFromListSchema = z.array(AllowFromEntrySchema).optional();
 
-export function buildNestedDmConfigSchema<TExtraShape extends ZodRawShape = {}>(
-  extraShape?: TExtraShape,
-) {
+export function buildNestedDmConfigSchema(extraShape?: ZodRawShape) {
   const baseShape = {
     enabled: z.boolean().optional(),
     policy: DmPolicySchema.optional(),

src/channels/plugins/config-write-policy-shared.ts

@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ function listConfigWriteTargetScopes<TChannelId extends string>(
   return [target.scope];
 }
 
-function resolveChannelConfig<TChannelId extends string>(
+function resolveChannelConfig(
   cfg: ConfigWritePolicyConfig,
-  channelId?: TChannelId | null,
+  channelId?: string | null,
 ): ChannelConfigWithAccounts | undefined {
   if (!channelId) {
     return undefined;
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ function resolveChannelAccountConfig(
   return resolveAccountEntry(channelConfig.accounts, normalizeAccountId(accountId));
 }
 
-export function resolveChannelConfigWritesShared<TChannelId extends string>(params: {
+export function resolveChannelConfigWritesShared(params: {
   cfg: ConfigWritePolicyConfig;
-  channelId?: TChannelId | null;
+  channelId?: string | null;
   accountId?: string | null;
 }): boolean {
   const channelConfig = resolveChannelConfig(params.cfg, params.channelId);

src/channels/plugins/contracts/test-helpers.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { normalizeChatType } from "../../chat-type.js";
 import { resolveConversationLabel } from "../../conversation-label.js";
 import { validateSenderIdentity } from "../../sender-identity.js";
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper preserves channel send mock arg types.
 export function primeChannelOutboundSendMock<TArgs extends unknown[]>(
   sendMock: Mock<(...args: TArgs) => Promise<unknown>>,
   fallbackResult: Record<string, unknown>,

src/cli/cli-utils.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ export async function runCommandWithRuntime(
   }
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Commander option values are typed by the caller.
 export function resolveOptionFromCommand<T>(
   command: Command | undefined,
   key: string,

src/cli/command-options.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ function getOptionSource(command: Command, name: string): string | undefined {
 // Defensive guardrail: allow expected parent/grandparent inheritance without unbounded deep traversal.
 const MAX_INHERIT_DEPTH = 2;
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Commander option values are typed by the caller.
 export function inheritOptionFromParent<T = unknown>(
   command: Command | undefined,
   name: string,

src/cli/cron-cli.test.ts

@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ function mockCronEditJobLookup(schedule: unknown): void {
   );
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets each assertion ascribe expected RPC params.
 function getGatewayCallParams<T>(method: string): T {
   const call = callGatewayFromCli.mock.calls.find((entry) => entry[0] === method);
   return (call?.[2] ?? {}) as T;

src/cli/daemon-cli.coverage.test.ts

@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ async function runDaemonCommand(args: string[]) {
   await daemonProgram.parseAsync(args, { from: "user" });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe logged JSON shape.
 function parseFirstJsonRuntimeLine<T>() {
   const jsonLine = runtimeLogs.find((line) => line.trim().startsWith("{"));
   return JSON.parse(jsonLine ?? "{}") as T;

src/cli/daemon-cli/lifecycle-core.test.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ let runServiceRestart: typeof import("./lifecycle-core.js").runServiceRestart;
 let runServiceStart: typeof import("./lifecycle-core.js").runServiceStart;
 let runServiceStop: typeof import("./lifecycle-core.js").runServiceStop;
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe logged JSON shape.
 function readJsonLog<T extends object>() {
   const jsonLine = runtimeLogs.find((line) => line.trim().startsWith("{"));
   return JSON.parse(jsonLine ?? "{}") as T;

src/cli/gateway-cli/run.ts

@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ function parseEnumOption<T extends string>(
   return (allowed as readonly string[]).includes(raw) ? (raw as T) : null;
 }
 
-function formatModeChoices<T extends string>(modes: readonly T[]): string {
+function formatModeChoices(modes: readonly string[]): string {
   return modes.map((mode) => `"${mode}"`).join("|");
 }
 
-function formatModeErrorList<T extends string>(modes: readonly T[]): string {
+function formatModeErrorList(modes: readonly string[]): string {
   const quoted = modes.map((mode) => `"${mode}"`);
   if (quoted.length === 0) {
     return "";

src/cli/plugins-cli-test-helpers.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ type ListMarketplacePluginsFn =
 type ResolveMarketplaceInstallShortcutFn =
   (typeof import("../plugins/marketplace.js"))["resolveMarketplaceInstallShortcut"];
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper preserves mock call and result types.
 function invokeMock<TArgs extends unknown[], TResult>(mock: unknown, ...args: TArgs): TResult {
   return (mock as (...args: TArgs) => TResult)(...args);
 }

src/cli/program/command-descriptor-utils.ts

@@ -10,14 +10,12 @@ export type CommandDescriptorCatalog<TDescriptor extends NamedCommandDescriptor>
   getCommandsWithSubcommands: () => string[];
 };
 
-export function getCommandDescriptorNames<TDescriptor extends CommandDescriptorLike>(
-  descriptors: readonly TDescriptor[],
-): string[] {
+export function getCommandDescriptorNames(descriptors: readonly CommandDescriptorLike[]): string[] {
   return descriptors.map((descriptor) => descriptor.name);
 }
 
-export function getCommandsWithSubcommands<TDescriptor extends NamedCommandDescriptor>(
-  descriptors: readonly TDescriptor[],
+export function getCommandsWithSubcommands(
+  descriptors: readonly NamedCommandDescriptor[],
 ): string[] {
   return descriptors
     .filter((descriptor) => descriptor.hasSubcommands)
@@ -52,9 +50,9 @@ export function defineCommandDescriptorCatalog<TDescriptor extends NamedCommandD
   };
 }
 
-export function addCommandDescriptorsToProgram<TDescriptor extends CommandDescriptorLike>(
+export function addCommandDescriptorsToProgram(
   program: Command,
-  descriptors: readonly TDescriptor[],
+  descriptors: readonly CommandDescriptorLike[],
   existingCommands: Set<string> = new Set(),
 ): Set<string> {
   for (const descriptor of descriptors) {

src/cli/program/command-group-descriptors.ts

@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ export function resolveCommandGroupEntries<TDescriptor extends NamedCommandDescr
   }));
 }
 
-export function buildCommandGroupEntries<TDescriptor extends NamedCommandDescriptor, TRegister>(
-  descriptors: readonly TDescriptor[],
+export function buildCommandGroupEntries<TRegister>(
+  descriptors: readonly NamedCommandDescriptor[],
   specs: readonly CommandGroupDescriptorSpec<TRegister>[],
   mapRegister: (register: TRegister) => CommandGroupEntry["register"],
 ): CommandGroupEntry[] {

src/cli/program/json-mode.ts

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ function getDeclaredCommandJsonMode(command: Command): JsonMode | null {
 
 function commandSelectedJsonFlag(command: Command, argv: string[]): boolean {
   const commandWithGlobals = command as Command & {
-    optsWithGlobals?: <T extends Record<string, unknown>>() => T;
+    optsWithGlobals?: () => Record<string, unknown>;
   };
   if (typeof commandWithGlobals.optsWithGlobals === "function") {
-    const resolved = commandWithGlobals.optsWithGlobals<Record<string, unknown>>().json;
+    const resolved = commandWithGlobals.optsWithGlobals().json;
     if (resolved === true) {
       return true;
     }

src/cli/test-runtime-capture.ts

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ export function spyRuntimeJson(runtime: Pick<OutputRuntimeEnv, "writeJson">) {
   return vi.spyOn(runtime, "writeJson").mockImplementation(() => {});
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets callers ascribe captured JSON shape.
 export function firstWrittenJsonArg<T>(writeJson: MockCallsWithFirstArg): T | null {
   return (writeJson.mock.calls[0]?.[0] ?? null) as T | null;
 }

src/commands/channels.adds-non-default-telegram-account.test.ts

@@ -313,6 +313,7 @@ describe("channels command", () => {
     setMinimalChannelsCommandRegistryForTests();
   });
 
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe written config shape.
   function getWrittenConfig<T>(): T {
     expect(configMocks.writeConfigFile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     return configMocks.writeConfigFile.mock.calls[0]?.[0] as T;

src/commands/onboard-non-interactive.gateway.test.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ function resolveTestConfigPath() {
   return path.join(stateDir, "openclaw.json");
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe stored config shape.
 function readTestConfig<T = OpenClawConfig>(): T {
   return (testConfigStore.get(resolveTestConfigPath()) ?? {}) as T;
 }

src/commands/sandbox-formatters.ts

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ export type ContainerItem = {
   lastUsedAtMs: number;
 };
 
-export function countRunning<T extends { running: boolean }>(items: T[]): number {
+export function countRunning(items: readonly { running: boolean }[]): number {
   return items.filter((item) => item.running).length;
 }
 
-export function countMismatches<T extends { imageMatch: boolean }>(items: T[]): number {
+export function countMismatches(items: readonly { imageMatch: boolean }[]): number {
   return items.filter((item) => !item.imageMatch).length;
 }

src/config/schema-base.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type JsonSchemaObject = Record<string, unknown> & {
 const LEGACY_HIDDEN_PUBLIC_PATHS = ["hooks.internal.handlers"] as const;
 
 const asJsonSchemaObject = (value: unknown): JsonSchemaObject | null =>
-  asSchemaObject<JsonSchemaObject>(value);
+  asSchemaObject(value) as JsonSchemaObject | null;
 
 function buildFieldDocumentation(): FieldDocumentation {
   const titles: Record<string, string> = {};

src/config/schema.shared.ts

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ export function cloneSchema<T>(value: T): T {
   return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(value)) as T;
 }
 
-export function asSchemaObject<T extends object>(value: unknown): T | null {
+export function asSchemaObject(value: unknown): object | null {
   if (!value || typeof value !== "object" || Array.isArray(value)) {
     return null;
   }
-  return value as T;
+  return value;
 }
 
 export function schemaHasChildren(schema: JsonSchemaObject): boolean {

src/config/schema.ts

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ type JsonSchemaObject = JsonSchemaNode & {
 };
 
 const asJsonSchemaObject = (value: unknown): JsonSchemaObject | null =>
-  asSchemaObject<JsonSchemaObject>(value);
+  asSchemaObject(value) as JsonSchemaObject | null;
 
 const FORBIDDEN_LOOKUP_SEGMENTS = new Set(["__proto__", "prototype", "constructor"]);
 const LOOKUP_SCHEMA_STRING_KEYS = new Set([

src/gateway/test-helpers.server.ts

@@ -1033,6 +1033,7 @@ export async function connectWebchatClient(params: {
   return ws;
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Gateway test RPC helper lets callers ascribe response payload shape.
 export async function rpcReq<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(
   ws: WebSocket,
   method: string,

src/hooks/module-loader.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ export async function importFileModule(params: {
   return (await import(specifier)) as ModuleNamespace;
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic module exports are typed by the caller.
 export function resolveFunctionModuleExport<T extends GenericFunction>(params: {
   mod: ModuleNamespace;
   exportName?: string;

src/infra/channel-runtime-context.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ export function registerChannelRuntimeContext(
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Runtime context values are caller-typed by key.
 export function getChannelRuntimeContext<T = unknown>(
   params: ChannelRuntimeContextKey & {
     channelRuntime?: ChannelRuntimeSurface;

src/infra/exec-approvals-effective.ts

@@ -94,7 +94,10 @@ function formatRequestedSource(params: {
 
 type ExecPolicyField = "security" | "ask" | "askFallback";
 
-function resolveRequestedField<TValue extends ExecSecurity | ExecAsk>(params: {
+function resolveRequestedField<
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Field-specific callers narrow the shared requested policy value.
+  TValue extends ExecSecurity | ExecAsk,
+>(params: {
   field: ExecPolicyRequestedField;
   scopeExecConfig?: ExecPolicyConfig;
   globalExecConfig?: ExecPolicyConfig;

src/infra/json-file.ts

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ function writeTempJsonFile(pathname: string, payload: string) {
   }
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- JSON loading helper lets callers ascribe the expected payload type.
 export function loadJsonFile<T = unknown>(pathname: string): T | undefined {
   try {
     const raw = fs.readFileSync(pathname, "utf8");

src/infra/outbound/send-deps.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ export type ResolveOutboundSendDepOptions = {
   legacyKeys?: readonly string[];
 };
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Channel-specific dependency lookup returns caller-typed values.
 export function resolveOutboundSendDep<T>(
   deps: OutboundSendDeps | null | undefined,
   channelId: string,

src/node-host/invoke.ts

@@ -560,6 +560,7 @@ export async function handleInvoke(
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- CLI JSON params are typed by the invoked method.
 function decodeParams<T>(raw?: string | null): T {
   if (!raw) {
     throw new Error("INVALID_REQUEST: paramsJSON required");

src/plugin-sdk/allow-from.ts

@@ -81,14 +81,14 @@ type ParsedChatAllowTarget =
   | { kind: "handle"; handle: string };
 
 /** Match chat-aware allowlist entries against sender, chat id, guid, or identifier fields. */
-export function isAllowedParsedChatSender<TParsed extends ParsedChatAllowTarget>(params: {
+export function isAllowedParsedChatSender(params: {
   allowFrom: Array<string | number>;
   sender: string;
   chatId?: number | null;
   chatGuid?: string | null;
   chatIdentifier?: string | null;
   normalizeSender: (sender: string) => string;
-  parseAllowTarget: (entry: string) => TParsed;
+  parseAllowTarget: (entry: string) => ParsedChatAllowTarget;
 }): boolean {
   const allowFrom = params.allowFrom.map((entry) => String(entry).trim());
   if (allowFrom.length === 0) {

src/plugin-sdk/channel-config-helpers.ts

@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ export function adaptScopedAccountAccessor<Result, Config extends OpenClawConfig
 /** Build the shared allowlist/default target adapter surface for account-scoped channel configs. */
 export function createScopedAccountConfigAccessors<
   ResolvedAccount,
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Config preserves caller-specific config subtype for account resolvers.
   Config extends OpenClawConfig = OpenClawConfig,
 >(params: {
   resolveAccount: (params: { cfg: Config; accountId?: string | null }) => ResolvedAccount;

src/plugin-sdk/channel-entry-contract.ts

@@ -335,6 +335,7 @@ function loadBundledEntryModuleSync(importMetaUrl: string, specifier: string): u
   return loaded;
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic entry export loaders use caller-supplied export types.
 export function loadBundledEntryExportSync<T>(
   importMetaUrl: string,
   reference: BundledEntryModuleRef,

src/plugin-sdk/extension-shared.ts

@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ export function buildPassiveProbedChannelStatusSummary<TExtra extends object>(
   };
 }
 
-export function buildTrafficStatusSummary<TSnapshot extends TrafficStatusSnapshot>(
-  snapshot?: TSnapshot | null,
-) {
+export function buildTrafficStatusSummary(snapshot?: TrafficStatusSnapshot | null) {
   return {
     lastInboundAt: snapshot?.lastInboundAt ?? null,
     lastOutboundAt: snapshot?.lastOutboundAt ?? null,

src/plugin-sdk/facade-loader.ts

@@ -257,6 +257,7 @@ export function loadFacadeModuleAtLocationSync<T extends object>(params: {
   return sentinel;
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic facade loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceModuleSync<T extends object>(params: {
   dirName: string;
   artifactBasename: string;

src/plugin-sdk/facade-runtime.ts

@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ function buildFacadeActivationCheckParams(
   };
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic facade loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceModuleSync<T extends object>(
   params: BundledPluginPublicSurfaceParams,
 ): T {
@@ -269,6 +270,7 @@ export function canLoadActivatedBundledPluginPublicSurface(params: {
   ).allowed;
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic facade loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function loadActivatedBundledPluginPublicSurfaceModuleSync<T extends object>(params: {
   dirName: string;
   artifactBasename: string;
@@ -280,6 +282,7 @@ export function loadActivatedBundledPluginPublicSurfaceModuleSync<T extends obje
   return loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceModuleSync<T>(params);
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic facade loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function tryLoadActivatedBundledPluginPublicSurfaceModuleSync<T extends object>(params: {
   dirName: string;
   artifactBasename: string;

src/plugin-sdk/qa-runner-runtime.ts

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ export function loadQaRuntimeModule(): QaRuntimeSurface {
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- QA runtime loader uses caller-supplied test API surface type.
 export function loadQaRunnerBundledPluginTestApi<T extends object>(pluginId: string): T {
   const env = resolvePrivateQaBundledPluginsEnv();
   return loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceModuleSync<T>({

src/plugins/bundled-plugin-naming.test.ts

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ const ALLOWED_PACKAGE_SUFFIXES = [
   "-media-understanding",
 ] as const;
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe JSON file shape.
 function readJsonFile<T>(filePath: string): T {
   return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(filePath, "utf8")) as T;
 }

src/plugins/config-activation-shared.ts

@@ -12,25 +12,20 @@ type EnableStateParamsLike = {
 
 type PluginKindLike = string | readonly string[] | undefined;
 
-export function toEnableStateResult<TState extends EnableStateLike>(
-  state: TState,
-): { enabled: boolean; reason?: string } {
+export function toEnableStateResult(state: EnableStateLike): { enabled: boolean; reason?: string } {
   return state.enabled ? { enabled: true } : { enabled: false, reason: state.reason };
 }
 
-export function resolveEnableStateResult<TParams, TState extends EnableStateLike>(
+export function resolveEnableStateResult<TParams>(
   params: TParams,
-  resolveState: (params: TParams) => TState,
+  resolveState: (params: TParams) => EnableStateLike,
 ): { enabled: boolean; reason?: string } {
   return toEnableStateResult(resolveState(params));
 }
 
-export function resolveEnableStateShared<
-  TParams extends EnableStateParamsLike,
-  TState extends EnableStateLike,
->(
+export function resolveEnableStateShared<TParams extends EnableStateParamsLike>(
   params: TParams,
-  resolveState: (params: TParams) => TState,
+  resolveState: (params: TParams) => EnableStateLike,
 ): { enabled: boolean; reason?: string } {
   return resolveEnableStateResult(params, resolveState);
 }

src/plugins/contracts/extension-package-project-boundaries.test.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ type PackageJson = {
   devDependencies?: Record<string, string>;
 };
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe JSON file shape.
 function readJsonFile<T>(relativePath: string): T {
   return JSON.parse(readFileSync(resolve(REPO_ROOT, relativePath), "utf8")) as T;
 }

src/plugins/hooks.ts

@@ -455,6 +455,7 @@ export function createHookRunner(
 
   async function runClaimingHookForPluginOutcome<
     K extends PluginHookName,
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Targeted hook outcomes preserve caller-specific handled result types.
     TResult extends { handled: boolean },
   >(
     hookName: K,

src/plugins/lazy-service-module.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ export type LazyPluginServiceHandle = {
   stop: () => Promise<void>;
 };
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic service exports are typed by the caller.
 function resolveExport<T>(mod: LazyServiceModule, names: string[]): T | null {
   for (const name of names) {
     const value = mod[name];

src/plugins/public-surface-loader.ts

@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ function getSharedBundledPublicSurfaceJiti(modulePath: string, tryNative: boolea
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic public artifact loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function loadBundledPluginPublicArtifactModuleSync<T extends object>(params: {
   dirName: string;
   artifactBasename: string;

src/plugins/registry.ts

@@ -654,14 +654,11 @@ export function createPluginRegistry(registryParams: PluginRegistryParams) {
     });
   };
 
-  const registerUniqueProviderLike = <
-    T extends { id: string },
-    R extends PluginOwnedProviderRegistration<T>,
-  >(params: {
+  const registerUniqueProviderLike = <T extends { id: string }>(params: {
     record: PluginRecord;
     provider: T;
     kindLabel: string;
-    registrations: R[];
+    registrations: Array<PluginOwnedProviderRegistration<T>>;
     ownedIds: string[];
   }) => {
     const id = params.provider.id.trim();
@@ -694,7 +691,7 @@ export function createPluginRegistry(registryParams: PluginRegistryParams) {
       provider: params.provider,
       source: record.source,
       rootDir: record.rootDir,
-    } as R);
+    });
   };
 
   const registerSpeechProvider = (record: PluginRecord, provider: SpeechProviderPlugin) => {

src/plugins/runtime/runtime-cache.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-export function defineCachedValue<T extends object, K extends PropertyKey>(
-  target: T,
-  key: K,
-  create: () => unknown,
-): void {
+export function defineCachedValue(target: object, key: PropertyKey, create: () => unknown): void {
   let cached: unknown;
   let ready = false;
   Object.defineProperty(target, key, {

src/plugins/runtime/runtime-channel.ts

@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ export function createRuntimeChannel(): PluginRuntime["channel"] {
         });
         return { dispose };
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Runtime context values are caller-typed by key.
       get: <T = unknown>(params: PluginRuntimeChannelContextKey) => {
         const normalized = normalizeRuntimeContextKey(params);
         if (!normalized) {

src/plugins/runtime/runtime-plugin-boundary.ts

@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ export function getPluginBoundaryJiti(modulePath: string, loaders: PluginJitiLoa
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic plugin boundary loaders use caller-supplied module types.
 export function loadPluginBoundaryModuleWithJiti<TModule>(
   modulePath: string,
   loaders: PluginJitiLoaderCache,
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ export function loadPluginBoundaryModuleWithJiti<TModule>(
   return getPluginBoundaryJiti(modulePath, loaders)(modulePath) as TModule;
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Dynamic plugin boundary loaders use caller-supplied module types.
 export function createCachedPluginBoundaryModuleLoader<TModule>(
   params: CachedPluginBoundaryLoaderParams,
 ): () => TModule | null {

src/plugins/runtime/types-channel.ts

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ export type PluginRuntimeChannelContextRegistry = {
       abortSignal?: AbortSignal;
     },
   ) => { dispose: () => void };
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Runtime context values are caller-typed by key.
   get: <T = unknown>(params: PluginRuntimeChannelContextKey) => T | undefined;
   watch: (params: {
     channelId?: string;

src/plugins/web-provider-resolution-shared.ts

@@ -164,11 +164,8 @@ export function buildWebProviderSnapshotCacheKey(params: {
   });
 }
 
-export function mapRegistryProviders<
-  TProvider extends { id: string },
-  TEntry extends { pluginId: string; provider: TProvider },
->(params: {
-  entries: readonly TEntry[];
+export function mapRegistryProviders<TProvider extends { id: string }>(params: {
+  entries: readonly { pluginId: string; provider: TProvider }[];
   onlyPluginIds?: readonly string[];
   sortProviders: (
     providers: Array<TProvider & { pluginId: string }>,

src/secrets/runtime-web-tools.shared.ts

@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ export function ensureObject(
   return next;
 }
 
-export function normalizeKnownProvider<TProvider extends { id: string }>(
+export function normalizeKnownProvider(
   value: unknown,
-  providers: TProvider[],
+  providers: Array<{ id: string }>,
 ): string | undefined {
   const normalized = normalizeOptionalLowercaseString(value);
   if (!normalized) {

src/tasks/task-flow-registry.store.sqlite.ts

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ function serializeJson(value: unknown): string | null {
   return value === undefined ? null : JSON.stringify(value);
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Persisted JSON columns are typed by the receiving field.
 function parseJsonValue<T>(raw: string | null): T | undefined {
   if (!raw?.trim()) {
     return undefined;

src/tasks/task-registry.store.sqlite.ts

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ function serializeJson(value: unknown): string | null {
   return value == null ? null : JSON.stringify(value);
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Persisted JSON columns are typed by the receiving field.
 function parseJsonValue<T>(raw: string | null): T | undefined {
   if (!raw?.trim()) {
     return undefined;

src/test-utils/bundled-plugin-public-surface.ts

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ function resolveWorkspacePackageDir(packageName: string): string {
   throw new Error(`Unknown workspace package: ${packageName}`);
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSync<T extends object>(params: {
   pluginId: string;
   artifactBasename: string;
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ export function loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSync<T extends object>(params: {
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function loadBundledPluginApiSync<T extends object>(pluginId: string): T {
   return loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSync<T>({
     pluginId,
@@ -120,6 +122,7 @@ export function loadBundledPluginApiSync<T extends object>(pluginId: string): T
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function loadBundledPluginContractApiSync<T extends object>(pluginId: string): T {
   return loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSync<T>({
     pluginId,
@@ -127,6 +130,7 @@ export function loadBundledPluginContractApiSync<T extends object>(pluginId: str
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function loadBundledPluginRuntimeApiSync<T extends object>(pluginId: string): T {
   return loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSync<T>({
     pluginId,
@@ -134,6 +138,7 @@ export function loadBundledPluginRuntimeApiSync<T extends object>(pluginId: stri
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test loaders use caller-supplied module surface types.
 export function loadBundledPluginTestApiSync<T extends object>(pluginId: string): T {
   return loadBundledPluginPublicSurfaceSync<T>({
     pluginId,

src/utils.ts

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ export function escapeRegExp(value: string): string {
 /**
  * Safely parse JSON, returning null on error instead of throwing.
  */
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- JSON parsing helper lets callers ascribe the expected payload type.
 export function safeParseJson<T>(raw: string): T | null {
   try {
     return JSON.parse(raw) as T;

src/web-fetch/runtime.ts

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export function resolveWebFetchEnabled(params: {
 }
 
 function resolveFetchConfig(config: OpenClawConfig | undefined): WebFetchConfig | undefined {
-  return resolveWebProviderConfig<"fetch", NonNullable<WebFetchConfig>>(config, "fetch");
+  return resolveWebProviderConfig(config, "fetch") as NonNullable<WebFetchConfig> | undefined;
 }
 
 function hasEntryCredential(
@@ -141,10 +141,9 @@ export function resolveWebFetchProviderId(params: {
 export function resolveWebFetchDefinition(
   options?: ResolveWebFetchDefinitionParams,
 ): { provider: PluginWebFetchProviderEntry; definition: WebFetchProviderToolDefinition } | null {
-  const fetch = resolveWebProviderConfig<"fetch", NonNullable<WebFetchConfig>>(
-    options?.config,
-    "fetch",
-  );
+  const fetch = resolveWebProviderConfig(options?.config, "fetch") as
+    | NonNullable<WebFetchConfig>
+    | undefined;
   const runtimeWebFetch = options?.runtimeWebFetch ?? getActiveRuntimeWebToolsMetadata()?.fetch;
   const providers = sortWebFetchProvidersForAutoDetect(
     resolvePluginWebFetchProviders({

src/web-search/runtime.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export type {
 } from "./runtime-types.js";
 
 function resolveSearchConfig(cfg?: OpenClawConfig): WebSearchConfig {
-  return resolveWebProviderConfig<"search", NonNullable<WebSearchConfig>>(cfg, "search");
+  return resolveWebProviderConfig(cfg, "search") as NonNullable<WebSearchConfig> | undefined;
 }
 
 export function resolveWebSearchEnabled(params: {

src/web/provider-runtime-shared.ts

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ type ProviderWithCredential = {
   requiresCredential?: boolean;
 };
 
-export function resolveWebProviderConfig<
-  TKind extends "search" | "fetch",
-  TConfig extends Record<string, unknown>,
->(cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined, kind: TKind): TConfig | undefined {
+export function resolveWebProviderConfig(
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig | undefined,
+  kind: "search" | "fetch",
+): Record<string, unknown> | undefined {
   const webConfig = cfg?.tools?.web;
   if (!webConfig || typeof webConfig !== "object") {
     return undefined;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export function resolveWebProviderConfig<
   if (!toolConfig || typeof toolConfig !== "object") {
     return undefined;
   }
-  return toolConfig as TConfig;
+  return toolConfig as Record<string, unknown>;
 }
 
 export function readWebProviderEnvValue(

test/helpers/node-builtin-mocks.ts

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ function resolveMockOverrides<TModule extends object>(
   return typeof factory === "function" ? factory(actual) : factory;
 }
 
-function resolveDefaultBase<TModule extends object>(actual: TModule): Record<string, unknown> {
-  const defaultExport = (actual as TModule & { default?: unknown }).default;
+function resolveDefaultBase(actual: object): Record<string, unknown> {
+  const defaultExport = (actual as { default?: unknown }).default;
   if (defaultExport && typeof defaultExport === "object") {
     return defaultExport as Record<string, unknown>;
   }

test/helpers/plugins/package-manifest-contract.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ type PackageManifestContractParams = {
   minHostVersionBaseline?: string;
 };
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets assertions ascribe package manifest shape.
 function readJson<T>(relativePath: string): T {
   const absolutePath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), relativePath);
   return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(absolutePath, "utf8")) as T;
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ export function describePackageManifestContract(params: PackageManifestContractP
     if (params.pluginLocalRuntimeDeps?.length) {
       for (const dependencyName of params.pluginLocalRuntimeDeps) {
         it(`keeps ${dependencyName} plugin-local`, () => {
-          const rootManifest = readJson<PackageManifest>("package.json");
-          const pluginManifest = readJson<PackageManifest>(packagePath);
+          const rootManifest = readJson("package.json") as PackageManifest;
+          const pluginManifest = readJson(packagePath) as PackageManifest;
           const pluginSpec =
             pluginManifest.dependencies?.[dependencyName] ??
             pluginManifest.optionalDependencies?.[dependencyName];

test/helpers/plugins/runtime-env.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export function createRuntimeEnv(options?: { throwOnExit?: boolean }): OutputRun
   };
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets plugin suites ascribe runtime extension shape.
 export function createTypedRuntimeEnv<TRuntime>(options?: { throwOnExit?: boolean }): TRuntime {
   return createRuntimeEnv(options) as TRuntime;
 }
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ export function createNonExitingRuntimeEnv(): OutputRuntimeEnv {
   return createRuntimeEnv({ throwOnExit: false });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper lets plugin suites ascribe runtime extension shape.
 export function createNonExitingTypedRuntimeEnv<TRuntime>(): TRuntime {
   return createTypedRuntimeEnv<TRuntime>({ throwOnExit: false });
 }

test/helpers/plugins/setup-wizard.ts

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ export function createSetupWizardAdapter(params: SetupWizardAdapterParams) {
   return buildChannelSetupWizardAdapterFromSetupWizard(params);
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper preserves plugin-specific setup wizard surface type.
 export function createPluginSetupWizardAdapter<TPlugin extends SetupWizardTestPlugin>(
   plugin: TPlugin,
 ) {
@@ -161,12 +162,14 @@ export function createPluginSetupWizardAdapter<TPlugin extends SetupWizardTestPl
   });
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper preserves plugin-specific setup wizard surface type.
 export function createPluginSetupWizardConfigure<TPlugin extends SetupWizardTestPlugin>(
   plugin: TPlugin,
 ) {
   return createPluginSetupWizardAdapter(plugin).configure;
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper preserves plugin-specific setup wizard surface type.
 export function createPluginSetupWizardStatus<TPlugin extends SetupWizardTestPlugin>(
   plugin: TPlugin,
 ) {

test/helpers/plugins/subagent-hooks.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-unnecessary-type-parameters -- Test helper preserves plugin-specific hook API type.
 export function registerHookHandlersForTest<TApi>(params: {
   config: Record<string, unknown>;
   register: (api: TApi) => void;

test/scripts/oxlint-config.test.ts

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ type OxlintTsconfig = {
   exclude?: string[];
 };
 
-function readJson<T>(path: string): T {
-  return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path, "utf8")) as T;
+function readJson(path: string): unknown {
+  return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path, "utf8")) as unknown;
 }
 
 describe("oxlint config", () => {