feat(android): record and send voice notes from the chat composer (#101193)

* feat(android): record and send voice notes from the chat composer Adds tap-to-record voice notes to both Android chat composers: MediaRecorder AAC/m4a mono capture with a 3-minute cap, lazy RECORD_AUDIO permission, cancel/finish controls, audio attachment chips with duration, and voice-note transcript rows. Recording is mutually exclusive with MicCaptureManager voice capture (no mic arbiter exists), and the MPEG-4 container brand is normalized to M4A so gateway byte sniffing classifies the upload as audio, not video. Attachments stay online-only per the outbox contract. Related: #100709 * fix(android): coordinate voice note microphone ownership * chore(android): refresh native localization inventory
2026-07-09 02:43:57 +00:00 · 2026-07-06 23:54:44 +01:00
parent 66c764b269
commit ef1767baca
19 changed files with 1435 additions and 159 deletions
--- a/apps/.i18n/native-source.json
+++ b/apps/.i18n/native-source.json
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-state-text",
-      "line": 121,
+      "line": 125,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/MainViewModel.kt",
      "source": "Searching…",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-state-text",
-      "line": 212,
+      "line": 216,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/MainViewModel.kt",
      "source": "Mic off",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-state-text",
-      "line": 222,
+      "line": 226,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/MainViewModel.kt",
      "source": "Off",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 2683,
+      "line": 2701,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/NodeRuntime.kt",
      "source": "Failed: this host requires wss:// or Tailscale Serve. No TLS endpoint detected.",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 2685,
+      "line": 2703,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/NodeRuntime.kt",
      "source": "Failed: secure endpoint reached, but TLS fingerprint verification timed out. Check Tailscale Serve or gateway TLS and retry.",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 2687,
+      "line": 2705,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/NodeRuntime.kt",
      "source": "Failed: couldn't reach the secure gateway endpoint for this host.",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5763,7 +5763,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-call",
-      "line": 199,
+      "line": 218,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt",
      "source": "Type a message…",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5771,7 +5771,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 209,
+      "line": 231,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt",
      "source": "Gateway is offline. Text messages are queued and sent after reconnecting.",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5779,7 +5779,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 238,
+      "line": 260,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt",
      "source": "Select thinking level",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5787,7 +5787,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 262,
+      "line": 284,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt",
      "source": "Attach",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5795,7 +5795,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 270,
+      "line": 299,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt",
      "source": "Refresh",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5803,7 +5803,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 278,
+      "line": 307,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt",
      "source": "Abort",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5811,7 +5811,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 323,
+      "line": 356,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt",
      "source": "Send",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5819,7 +5819,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 349,
+      "line": 382,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt",
      "source": "No commands found",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5979,7 +5979,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 260,
+      "line": 261,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "Preview · $domain",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5987,7 +5987,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 269,
+      "line": 270,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "Expand link preview",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -5995,7 +5995,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-call",
-      "line": 293,
+      "line": 294,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "Loading preview…",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6003,7 +6003,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-call",
-      "line": 294,
+      "line": 295,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "No preview available",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6011,7 +6011,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-call",
-      "line": 339,
+      "line": 340,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "Thinking...",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6019,7 +6019,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 355,
+      "line": 356,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "Tools",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6027,7 +6027,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-call",
-      "line": 358,
+      "line": 359,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "Running tools...",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6035,7 +6035,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-call",
-      "line": 361,
+      "line": 362,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "${display.emoji} ${display.label}",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6043,7 +6043,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 379,
+      "line": 380,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "... +${toolCalls.size - 6} more",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6051,7 +6051,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 410,
+      "line": 411,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "You",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6059,7 +6059,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 424,
+      "line": 425,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "Retry",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6067,7 +6067,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 427,
+      "line": 428,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "Delete",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6075,7 +6075,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 459,
+      "line": 460,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "OpenClaw · Live",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6083,7 +6083,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 496,
+      "line": 497,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "System",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6091,7 +6091,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 497,
+      "line": 498,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "OpenClaw",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6099,7 +6099,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-call",
-      "line": 523,
+      "line": 524,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt",
      "source": "Unsupported attachment",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6107,7 +6107,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 276,
+      "line": 290,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Chat needs attention",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6115,7 +6115,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 436,
+      "line": 448,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "All",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6123,7 +6123,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 494,
+      "line": 506,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "OpenClaw",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6131,7 +6131,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 515,
+      "line": 527,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "New chat",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6139,7 +6139,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 520,
+      "line": 532,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "More new chat options",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6147,7 +6147,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 535,
+      "line": 547,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Refresh chat",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6155,7 +6155,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 538,
+      "line": 550,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Chat",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6163,7 +6163,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 686,
+      "line": 698,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Loading session",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6171,7 +6171,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 713,
+      "line": 725,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Jump to latest",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6179,7 +6179,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 739,
+      "line": 751,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Ready when you are",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6187,7 +6187,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 770,
+      "line": 782,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Fix connection",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6195,7 +6195,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 771,
+      "line": 783,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Copy diagnostics",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6203,7 +6203,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 955,
+      "line": 967,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Preparing audio…",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6211,7 +6211,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 955,
+      "line": 967,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Speaking…",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6219,7 +6219,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 976,
+      "line": 988,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Tools running",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6227,7 +6227,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 978,
+      "line": 990,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "OpenClaw is working",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6235,7 +6235,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 981,
+      "line": 993,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "+${toolCalls.size - 4} more",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6243,7 +6243,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 991,
+      "line": 1003,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Thinking",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6251,7 +6251,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 992,
+      "line": 1004,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "OpenClaw is preparing a response.",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6259,7 +6259,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 1126,
+      "line": 1161,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Stop",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6267,7 +6267,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 1192,
+      "line": 1227,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Default",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6275,7 +6275,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 1258,
+      "line": 1293,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Pin model",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6283,7 +6283,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 1258,
+      "line": 1293,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Unpin model",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6291,7 +6291,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 1275,
+      "line": 1310,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "No commands found",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6299,7 +6299,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 1337,
+      "line": 1372,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Gateway offline",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6307,7 +6307,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 1427,
+      "line": 1464,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Attach image",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6315,7 +6315,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 1442,
+      "line": 1483,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Message OpenClaw",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6323,15 +6323,15 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 1457,
+      "line": 1498,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
-      "source": "Voice",
+      "source": "Open voice",
      "surface": "android",
-      "id": "native.android.19396391033f4fa8"
+      "id": "native.android.97602a28629a331f"
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 1495,
+      "line": 1547,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Remove attachment",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6339,7 +6339,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 1516,
+      "line": 1568,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Main",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6347,7 +6347,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 1572,
+      "line": 1624,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "Send",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6355,7 +6355,7 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "conditional-branch",
-      "line": 1611,
+      "line": 1663,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
      "source": "$contextLabel · ${contextMeterThinkingLabel(thinkingLevel)}",
      "surface": "android",
@@ -6363,12 +6363,52 @@
    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
-      "line": 281,
+      "line": 291,
      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatSheetContent.kt",
      "source": "CHAT ERROR",
      "surface": "android",
      "id": "native.android.826804c0189e03d0"
    },
+    {
+      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
+      "line": 109,
+      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/VoiceNoteComposer.kt",
+      "source": "Preparing voice note…",
+      "surface": "android",
+      "id": "native.android.3df4e24a0fc8810b"
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
+      "line": 129,
+      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/VoiceNoteComposer.kt",
+      "source": "Record voice note",
+      "surface": "android",
+      "id": "native.android.06ab95879f652d3e"
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
+      "line": 167,
+      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/VoiceNoteComposer.kt",
+      "source": "Cancel voice note",
+      "surface": "android",
+      "id": "native.android.8a7653317387033f"
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
+      "line": 178,
+      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/VoiceNoteComposer.kt",
+      "source": "Finish voice note",
+      "surface": "android",
+      "id": "native.android.fb327cd3030aae44"
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
+      "line": 205,
+      "path": "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/VoiceNoteComposer.kt",
+      "source": "Voice note",
+      "surface": "android",
+      "id": "native.android.e9d238668cb46e71"
+    },
    {
      "kind": "ui-named-argument",
      "line": 537,
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/MainViewModel.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/MainViewModel.kt
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ import ai.openclaw.app.node.SmsManager
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.GatewayConnectPlan
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.GatewaySavedAuthAction
 import ai.openclaw.app.voice.VoiceConversationEntry
+import android.Manifest
 import android.app.Application
 import androidx.lifecycle.AndroidViewModel
 import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner
 import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellationException
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
@@ -57,6 +59,8 @@ class MainViewModel(
  private val gatewayConfigOperationSeq = AtomicLong()
  private val gatewayConfigOperationMutex = Mutex()

+  @Volatile private var permissionRequester: PermissionRequester? = null
+
  @Volatile private var foreground = false

  @Volatile private var runtimeStartupQueued = false
@@ -264,6 +268,7 @@ class MainViewModel(
    runtime.camera.attachLifecycleOwner(owner)
    runtime.camera.attachPermissionRequester(permissionRequester)
    runtime.sms.attachPermissionRequester(permissionRequester)
+    this.permissionRequester = permissionRequester
  }

  /**
@@ -536,6 +541,23 @@ class MainViewModel(
    ensureRuntime().setTalkModeEnabled(enabled)
  }

+  suspend fun requestVoiceNotePermission(): Boolean {
+    val requester = permissionRequester ?: return false
+    return try {
+      requester.requestIfMissing(listOf(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO))[Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO] == true
+    } catch (error: CancellationException) {
+      throw error
+    } catch (_: Throwable) {
+      false
+    }
+  }
+
+  internal fun tryAcquireVoiceNoteMic(): Boolean = runtimeRef.value?.tryAcquireVoiceNoteMic() == true
+
+  internal fun releaseVoiceNoteMic() {
+    runtimeRef.value?.releaseVoiceNoteMic()
+  }
+
  fun setSpeakerEnabled(enabled: Boolean) {
    ensureRuntime().setSpeakerEnabled(enabled)
  }
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/NodeRuntime.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/NodeRuntime.kt
@@ -742,6 +742,7 @@ class NodeRuntime private constructor(
  // Keep ownership epochs and their service/capture state transitions atomic.
  // Otherwise stale PTT cleanup can pass its epoch check before a UI mode change.
  private val voiceCaptureOwnershipLock = Any()
+  private var voiceNoteOwnsMic = false
  private val voiceCapturePreparationMutex = Mutex()

  private var didAutoRequestCanvasRehydrate = false
@@ -1865,6 +1866,19 @@ class NodeRuntime private constructor(
    setVoiceCaptureMode(if (value) VoiceCaptureMode.ManualMic else VoiceCaptureMode.Off)
  }

+  internal fun tryAcquireVoiceNoteMic(): Boolean =
+    synchronized(voiceCaptureOwnershipLock) {
+      if (voiceNoteOwnsMic || !isVoiceCaptureModeActive(VoiceCaptureMode.Off)) return@synchronized false
+      voiceNoteOwnsMic = true
+      true
+    }
+
+  internal fun releaseVoiceNoteMic() {
+    synchronized(voiceCaptureOwnershipLock) {
+      voiceNoteOwnsMic = false
+    }
+  }
+
  fun cancelMicCapture() {
    micCapture.cancelMicCapture()
    setVoiceCaptureMode(VoiceCaptureMode.Off, persistManualMic = false)
@@ -2024,6 +2038,9 @@ class NodeRuntime private constructor(
          ) {
            throw IllegalStateException("NODE_BACKGROUND_UNAVAILABLE: command requires foreground")
          }
+          if (voiceNoteOwnsMic) {
+            throw IllegalStateException("MIC_BUSY: voice note recording is active")
+          }
          if (!hasRecordAudioPermission()) {
            throw IllegalStateException("MIC_PERMISSION_REQUIRED: grant Microphone permission")
          }
@@ -2251,6 +2268,7 @@ class NodeRuntime private constructor(
    persistManualMic: Boolean = true,
  ) {
    synchronized(voiceCaptureOwnershipLock) {
+      if (mode != VoiceCaptureMode.Off && voiceNoteOwnsMic) return
      talkPttCommandEpoch.incrementAndGet()
      voiceCaptureOwnershipEpoch.incrementAndGet()
      val permissionDenied = mode.requiresMicrophonePermission && !hasRecordAudioPermission()
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatController.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatController.kt
@@ -682,6 +682,7 @@ class ChatController internal constructor(
              mimeType = att.mimeType,
              fileName = att.fileName,
              base64 = att.base64,
+              durationMs = att.durationMs,
            ),
          )
        }
@@ -2221,29 +2222,60 @@ internal fun parseChatMessageContent(el: JsonElement): ChatMessageContent? {
        text = obj["text"].asStringOrNull() ?: obj["content"].asStringOrNull(),
      )

-    "image" ->
+    "image", "audio" ->
      ChatMessageContent(
-        type = "image",
+        type = obj["type"].asStringOrNull() ?: "image",
        mimeType = obj["mimeType"].asStringOrNull(),
        fileName = obj["fileName"].asStringOrNull(),
        base64 = obj["content"].asStringOrNull()?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() },
      )

+    "attachment" -> {
+      val attachment = obj["attachment"].asObjectOrNull() ?: return null
+      val mimeType = attachment["mimeType"].asStringOrNull()
+      if (attachment["kind"].asStringOrNull() != "audio" && mimeType?.startsWith("audio/") != true) return null
+      ChatMessageContent(
+        type = "audio",
+        mimeType = mimeType,
+        fileName = attachment["label"].asStringOrNull(),
+      )
+    }
+
    else -> null
  }
 }

 internal fun parseChatMessageContents(obj: JsonObject): List<ChatMessageContent> {
-  obj["content"].asArrayOrNull()?.let { content ->
-    return content.mapNotNull(::parseChatMessageContent)
+  val content =
+    obj["content"].asArrayOrNull()?.mapNotNull(::parseChatMessageContent)
+      ?: obj["content"].asStringOrNull()?.let { listOf(ChatMessageContent(type = "text", text = it)) }
+      ?: obj["text"].asStringOrNull()?.let { listOf(ChatMessageContent(type = "text", text = it)) }
+      ?: emptyList()
+  val transcriptAudio = parseTranscriptAudioContents(obj)
+  if (transcriptAudio.isEmpty()) return content
+  return content +
+    transcriptAudio.filterNot { audio ->
+      content.any { it.mimeType == audio.mimeType && it.fileName == audio.fileName }
+    }
+}
+
+private fun parseTranscriptAudioContents(obj: JsonObject): List<ChatMessageContent> {
+  val paths =
+    obj["MediaPaths"].asArrayOrNull()?.mapNotNull { it.asStringOrNull() }
+      ?: obj["MediaPath"].asStringOrNull()?.let { listOf(it) }
+      ?: return emptyList()
+  val types =
+    obj["MediaTypes"].asArrayOrNull()?.map { it.asStringOrNull().orEmpty() }
+      ?: obj["MediaType"].asStringOrNull()?.let { listOf(it) }
+      ?: emptyList()
+  return paths.mapIndexedNotNull { index, path ->
+    val mimeType = types.getOrNull(index)?.takeIf { it.startsWith("audio/") } ?: return@mapIndexedNotNull null
+    ChatMessageContent(
+      type = "audio",
+      mimeType = mimeType,
+      fileName = path.substringAfterLast('/').takeIf(String::isNotBlank),
+    )
  }
-  obj["content"].asStringOrNull()?.let { text ->
-    return listOf(ChatMessageContent(type = "text", text = text))
-  }
-  obj["text"].asStringOrNull()?.let { text ->
-    return listOf(ChatMessageContent(type = "text", text = text))
-  }
-  return emptyList()
 }

 private fun parseCreatedSessionKey(
@@ -2330,21 +2362,48 @@ internal fun reconcileMessageIds(
 ): List<ChatMessage> {
  if (previous.isEmpty() || incoming.isEmpty()) return incoming

-  val idsByKey = LinkedHashMap<String, ArrayDeque<String>>()
+  val messagesByKey = LinkedHashMap<String, ArrayDeque<ChatMessage>>()
  for (message in previous) {
    val key = messageIdentityKey(message) ?: continue
-    idsByKey.getOrPut(key) { ArrayDeque() }.addLast(message.id)
+    messagesByKey.getOrPut(key) { ArrayDeque() }.addLast(message)
  }

  return incoming.map { message ->
    val key = messageIdentityKey(message) ?: return@map message
-    val ids = idsByKey[key] ?: return@map message
-    val reusedId = ids.removeFirstOrNull() ?: return@map message
-    if (ids.isEmpty()) {
-      idsByKey.remove(key)
+    val matches = messagesByKey[key] ?: return@map message
+    val previousMessage = matches.removeFirstOrNull() ?: return@map message
+    if (matches.isEmpty()) {
+      messagesByKey.remove(key)
    }
-    if (reusedId == message.id) return@map message
-    message.copy(id = reusedId)
+    message.copy(
+      id = previousMessage.id,
+      content = preserveOptimisticAudioDuration(previous = previousMessage, incoming = message),
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+private fun preserveOptimisticAudioDuration(
+  previous: ChatMessage,
+  incoming: ChatMessage,
+): List<ChatMessageContent> {
+  val idempotencyKey = incoming.idempotencyKey?.trim().orEmpty()
+  if (idempotencyKey.isEmpty() || idempotencyKey != previous.idempotencyKey?.trim()) return incoming.content
+
+  val remainingAudio =
+    previous.content
+      .filter { it.mimeType?.startsWith("audio/") == true && it.durationMs != null }
+      .toMutableList()
+  if (remainingAudio.isEmpty()) return incoming.content
+
+  return incoming.content.map { part ->
+    if (part.durationMs != null || part.mimeType?.startsWith("audio/") != true) return@map part
+    if (remainingAudio.isEmpty()) return@map part
+    val exactIndex =
+      remainingAudio.indexOfFirst {
+        it.mimeType == part.mimeType && it.fileName == part.fileName
+      }
+    val match = remainingAudio.removeAt(if (exactIndex >= 0) exactIndex else 0)
+    part.copy(durationMs = match.durationMs)
  }
 }

--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatModels.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatModels.kt
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ data class ChatMessageContent(
  val mimeType: String? = null,
  val fileName: String? = null,
  val base64: String? = null,
+  val durationMs: Long? = null,
 )

 /**
@@ -106,4 +107,5 @@ data class OutgoingAttachment(
  val mimeType: String,
  val fileName: String,
  val base64: String,
+  val durationMs: Long? = null,
 )
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/VoiceNoteRecorderController.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/VoiceNoteRecorderController.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+package ai.openclaw.app.chat
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.media.MediaRecorder
+import android.os.SystemClock
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import java.io.File
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile
+import java.util.UUID
+
+internal const val VOICE_NOTE_MAX_DURATION_MS = 180_000L
+internal const val VOICE_NOTE_MAX_BYTES = 3_500_000L
+internal const val VOICE_NOTE_MIME_TYPE = "audio/mp4"
+
+internal sealed interface VoiceNoteRecorderState {
+  data object Idle : VoiceNoteRecorderState
+
+  data class Recording(
+    val startedAtMillis: Long,
+  ) : VoiceNoteRecorderState
+
+  data object Preparing : VoiceNoteRecorderState
+
+  data class Failure(
+    val message: String,
+  ) : VoiceNoteRecorderState
+}
+
+internal data class VoiceNoteRecording(
+  val file: File,
+  val durationMs: Long,
+)
+
+internal interface VoiceNoteRecordingEngine {
+  fun start(outputFile: File)
+
+  fun stop(): Long
+
+  fun cancel()
+}
+
+/** Owns voice-note recording state and temporary-file cleanup. */
+internal class VoiceNoteRecorderController(
+  private val scope: CoroutineScope,
+  private val outputDirectory: File,
+  private val engine: VoiceNoteRecordingEngine,
+  private val requestPermission: suspend () -> Boolean,
+  private val acquireMic: () -> Boolean,
+  private val releaseMic: () -> Unit,
+  private val onFinished: (VoiceNoteRecording) -> Unit,
+  private val elapsedRealtimeMillis: () -> Long = SystemClock::elapsedRealtime,
+) {
+  private val lock = Any()
+  private val _state = MutableStateFlow<VoiceNoteRecorderState>(VoiceNoteRecorderState.Idle)
+  val state: StateFlow<VoiceNoteRecorderState> = _state.asStateFlow()
+
+  private val _elapsedMs = MutableStateFlow(0L)
+  val elapsedMs: StateFlow<Long> = _elapsedMs.asStateFlow()
+
+  private var outputFile: File? = null
+  private var elapsedJob: Job? = null
+  private var ownsMic = false
+
+  suspend fun start(): Boolean {
+    synchronized(lock) {
+      if (_state.value !is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Idle && _state.value !is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Failure) return false
+    }
+    if (!requestPermission()) {
+      fail("Microphone permission is required to record a voice note.")
+      return false
+    }
+
+    return synchronized(lock) {
+      if (_state.value !is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Idle && _state.value !is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Failure) {
+        return@synchronized false
+      }
+      if (!acquireMic()) {
+        failLocked("Voice capture is already using the microphone.")
+        return@synchronized false
+      }
+      ownsMic = true
+
+      val startedAt = elapsedRealtimeMillis()
+      val file = File(outputDirectory, "voice-note-${UUID.randomUUID()}.m4a")
+      try {
+        engine.start(file)
+      } catch (_: Throwable) {
+        engine.cancel()
+        releaseMicLocked()
+        file.delete()
+        failLocked("Could not start voice-note recording.")
+        return@synchronized false
+      }
+
+      outputFile = file
+      _elapsedMs.value = 0L
+      _state.value = VoiceNoteRecorderState.Recording(startedAtMillis = startedAt)
+      startElapsedUpdates(startedAt)
+      true
+    }
+  }
+
+  fun finish(): Boolean {
+    val recording =
+      synchronized(lock) {
+        if (_state.value !is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Recording) return false
+        val file = outputFile ?: return false
+        elapsedJob?.cancel()
+        elapsedJob = null
+
+        val durationMs =
+          try {
+            engine.stop().coerceIn(0L, VOICE_NOTE_MAX_DURATION_MS)
+          } catch (_: Throwable) {
+            engine.cancel()
+            file.delete()
+            finishFailureLocked("Could not finish voice-note recording.")
+            return false
+          }
+
+        try {
+          normalizeM4aContainerBrand(file)
+        } catch (_: Throwable) {
+          file.delete()
+          finishFailureLocked("Could not finish voice-note recording.")
+          return false
+        }
+
+        if (file.length() > VOICE_NOTE_MAX_BYTES) {
+          file.delete()
+          finishFailureLocked("Voice note is too large. Record a shorter message.")
+          return false
+        }
+
+        // The file stays owned by the controller through Preparing: the staging
+        // coroutine is composition-scoped and may be cancelled before it runs,
+        // so cancel() must still be able to delete the handed-off recording.
+        _elapsedMs.value = 0L
+        _state.value = VoiceNoteRecorderState.Preparing
+        releaseMicLocked()
+        VoiceNoteRecording(file = file, durationMs = durationMs)
+      }
+    onFinished(recording)
+    return true
+  }
+
+  fun completePreparation() {
+    synchronized(lock) {
+      if (_state.value is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Preparing) {
+        outputFile = null
+        _state.value = VoiceNoteRecorderState.Idle
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  fun cancel() {
+    synchronized(lock) {
+      elapsedJob?.cancel()
+      elapsedJob = null
+      if (_state.value is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Recording) {
+        engine.cancel()
+      }
+      releaseMicLocked()
+      outputFile?.delete()
+      outputFile = null
+      _elapsedMs.value = 0L
+      _state.value = VoiceNoteRecorderState.Idle
+    }
+  }
+
+  fun reportFailure(message: String) {
+    synchronized(lock) {
+      outputFile?.delete()
+      outputFile = null
+      failLocked(message)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun startElapsedUpdates(startedAt: Long) {
+    elapsedJob?.cancel()
+    elapsedJob =
+      scope.launch {
+        while (isActive && state.value is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Recording) {
+          val elapsed = (elapsedRealtimeMillis() - startedAt).coerceIn(0L, VOICE_NOTE_MAX_DURATION_MS)
+          _elapsedMs.value = elapsed
+          // MediaRecorder's duration callback races its asynchronous auto-stop.
+          // Own the cap here so every successful finish calls stop() exactly once.
+          if (elapsed >= VOICE_NOTE_MAX_DURATION_MS) {
+            finish()
+            return@launch
+          }
+          delay(250L)
+        }
+      }
+  }
+
+  private fun fail(message: String) {
+    synchronized(lock) { failLocked(message) }
+  }
+
+  private fun failLocked(message: String) {
+    _state.value = VoiceNoteRecorderState.Failure(message)
+  }
+
+  private fun finishFailureLocked(message: String) {
+    releaseMicLocked()
+    outputFile = null
+    _elapsedMs.value = 0L
+    _state.value = VoiceNoteRecorderState.Failure(message)
+  }
+
+  private fun releaseMicLocked() {
+    if (!ownsMic) return
+    ownsMic = false
+    releaseMic()
+  }
+}
+
+/** Marks AAC-only MPEG-4 output as audio so gateway byte sniffing cannot classify it as video. */
+internal fun normalizeM4aContainerBrand(file: File) {
+  RandomAccessFile(file, "rw").use { output ->
+    if (output.length() < 12L) return
+    output.seek(4L)
+    val boxType = ByteArray(4)
+    output.readFully(boxType)
+    if (!boxType.contentEquals("ftyp".toByteArray(Charsets.US_ASCII))) return
+    output.seek(8L)
+    output.write("M4A ".toByteArray(Charsets.US_ASCII))
+  }
+}
+
+/** Android AAC/m4a engine kept behind [VoiceNoteRecordingEngine] for JVM tests. */
+internal class AndroidVoiceNoteRecordingEngine(
+  private val context: Context,
+  private val elapsedRealtime: () -> Long = SystemClock::elapsedRealtime,
+) : VoiceNoteRecordingEngine {
+  private var recorder: MediaRecorder? = null
+  private var startedAtElapsedMs = 0L
+
+  override fun start(outputFile: File) {
+    check(recorder == null)
+    val next = MediaRecorder(context)
+    try {
+      next.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC)
+      next.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4)
+      next.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC)
+      next.setAudioChannels(1)
+      next.setAudioEncodingBitRate(32_000)
+      next.setAudioSamplingRate(44_100)
+      next.setOutputFile(outputFile.absolutePath)
+      next.prepare()
+      next.start()
+      startedAtElapsedMs = elapsedRealtime()
+      recorder = next
+    } catch (error: Throwable) {
+      next.release()
+      throw error
+    }
+  }
+
+  override fun stop(): Long {
+    val active = checkNotNull(recorder)
+    recorder = null
+    return try {
+      active.stop()
+      (elapsedRealtime() - startedAtElapsedMs).coerceAtLeast(0L)
+    } finally {
+      active.release()
+    }
+  }
+
+  override fun cancel() {
+    val active = recorder ?: return
+    recorder = null
+    runCatching { active.stop() }
+    active.release()
+  }
+}
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatComposer.kt
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package ai.openclaw.app.ui.chat
 import ai.openclaw.app.ChatDraft
 import ai.openclaw.app.ChatDraftPlacement
 import ai.openclaw.app.chat.ChatCommandEntry
+import ai.openclaw.app.chat.VoiceNoteRecorderState
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.mobileAccent
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.mobileAccentBorderStrong
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.mobileAccentSoft
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ import androidx.compose.material.icons.Icons
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.automirrored.filled.Send
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.ArrowDropDown
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.AttachFile
+import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Mic
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Refresh
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Stop
 import androidx.compose.material3.Button
@@ -130,16 +132,22 @@ internal fun applyDraftText(

 /** Chat input surface for text, image attachments, thinking level, and run controls. */
@Composable
-fun ChatComposer(
+internal fun ChatComposer(
  draftText: ChatDraft?,
  healthOk: Boolean,
  thinkingLevel: String,
  pendingRunCount: Int,
  commands: List<ChatCommandEntry>,
-  attachments: List<PendingImageAttachment>,
+  attachments: List<PendingAttachment>,
  onDraftApplied: () -> Unit,
  onPickImages: () -> Unit,
  onRemoveAttachment: (id: String) -> Unit,
+  voiceNoteState: VoiceNoteRecorderState,
+  voiceNoteElapsedMs: Long,
+  recordVoiceNoteEnabled: Boolean,
+  onStartVoiceNote: () -> Unit,
+  onCancelVoiceNote: () -> Unit,
+  onFinishVoiceNote: () -> Unit,
  onSetThinkingLevel: (level: String) -> Unit,
  onRefresh: () -> Unit,
  onAbort: () -> Unit,
@@ -176,6 +184,8 @@ fun ChatComposer(
        input.trim().isNotEmpty() && attachments.isEmpty()
      }
  val sendBusy = pendingRunCount > 0
+  val recordingVoiceNote = voiceNoteState is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Recording
+  val preparingVoiceNote = voiceNoteState is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Preparing

  Column(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(), verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp)) {
    if (attachments.isNotEmpty()) {
@@ -192,17 +202,29 @@ fun ChatComposer(
      )
    }

-    OutlinedTextField(
-      value = input,
-      onValueChange = { input = it },
-      modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(),
-      placeholder = { Text("Type a message…", style = mobileBodyStyle(), color = mobileTextTertiary) },
-      minLines = 2,
-      maxLines = 5,
-      textStyle = mobileBodyStyle().copy(color = mobileText),
-      shape = RoundedCornerShape(14.dp),
-      colors = chatTextFieldColors(),
-    )
+    if (recordingVoiceNote) {
+      VoiceNoteRecordingControls(
+        elapsedMs = voiceNoteElapsedMs,
+        onCancel = onCancelVoiceNote,
+        onDone = onFinishVoiceNote,
+      )
+    } else if (preparingVoiceNote) {
+      VoiceNotePreparing()
+    } else {
+      OutlinedTextField(
+        value = input,
+        onValueChange = { input = it },
+        modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(),
+        placeholder = { Text("Type a message…", style = mobileBodyStyle(), color = mobileTextTertiary) },
+        minLines = 2,
+        maxLines = 5,
+        textStyle = mobileBodyStyle().copy(color = mobileText),
+        shape = RoundedCornerShape(14.dp),
+        colors = chatTextFieldColors(),
+      )
+    }
+
+    VoiceNoteRecorderError(voiceNoteState)

    if (!healthOk) {
      Text(
@@ -266,6 +288,13 @@ fun ChatComposer(
        onClick = onPickImages,
      )

+      if (!recordingVoiceNote) {
+        VoiceNoteRecordButton(
+          enabled = recordVoiceNoteEnabled && !preparingVoiceNote,
+          onClick = onStartVoiceNote,
+        )
+      }
+
      SecondaryActionButton(
        label = "Refresh",
        icon = Icons.Default.Refresh,
@@ -300,7 +329,7 @@ fun ChatComposer(
            }
          }
        },
-        enabled = canSend,
+        enabled = canSend && !recordingVoiceNote && !preparingVoiceNote,
        modifier = Modifier.height(44.dp),
        shape = RoundedCornerShape(14.dp),
        contentPadding = PaddingValues(horizontal = 20.dp),
@@ -311,7 +340,11 @@ fun ChatComposer(
            disabledContainerColor = mobileBorderStrong,
            disabledContentColor = mobileTextTertiary,
          ),
-        border = BorderStroke(1.dp, if (canSend) mobileAccentBorderStrong else mobileBorderStrong),
+        border =
+          BorderStroke(
+            1.dp,
+            if (canSend && !recordingVoiceNote && !preparingVoiceNote) mobileAccentBorderStrong else mobileBorderStrong,
+          ),
      ) {
        if (sendBusy) {
          CircularProgressIndicator(modifier = Modifier.size(16.dp), strokeWidth = 2.dp, color = Color.White)
@@ -456,7 +489,7 @@ private fun thinkingLabel(raw: String): String =

@Composable
 private fun AttachmentsStrip(
-  attachments: List<PendingImageAttachment>,
+  attachments: List<PendingAttachment>,
  onRemoveAttachment: (id: String) -> Unit,
 ) {
  Row(
@@ -465,7 +498,7 @@ private fun AttachmentsStrip(
  ) {
    for (att in attachments) {
      AttachmentChip(
-        fileName = att.fileName,
+        attachment = att,
        onRemove = { onRemoveAttachment(att.id) },
      )
    }
@@ -474,7 +507,7 @@ private fun AttachmentsStrip(

@Composable
 private fun AttachmentChip(
-  fileName: String,
+  attachment: PendingAttachment,
  onRemove: () -> Unit,
 ) {
  Surface(
@@ -487,8 +520,13 @@ private fun AttachmentChip(
      verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
      horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp),
    ) {
+      if (attachment.mimeType.startsWith("audio/")) {
+        Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.Mic, contentDescription = null, modifier = Modifier.size(14.dp), tint = mobileTextSecondary)
+      }
      Text(
-        text = fileName,
+        text =
+          attachment.durationMs?.let { duration -> "Voice note · ${formatVoiceNoteDuration(duration)}" }
+            ?: attachment.fileName,
        style = mobileCaption1,
        color = mobileText,
        maxLines = 1,
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatImageCodec.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatImageCodec.kt
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ private val decodedBitmapCache =
 internal fun loadSizedImageAttachment(
  resolver: ContentResolver,
  uri: Uri,
-): PendingImageAttachment {
+): PendingAttachment {
  val fileName = normalizeAttachmentFileName((uri.lastPathSegment ?: "image").substringAfterLast('/'))
  val bitmap = decodeScaledBitmap(resolver, uri, maxDimension = CHAT_ATTACHMENT_MAX_WIDTH)
  if (bitmap == null) {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ internal fun loadSizedImageAttachment(
      },
    )
  val base64 = Base64.encodeToString(encoded.bytes, Base64.NO_WRAP)
-  return PendingImageAttachment(
+  return PendingAttachment(
    id = uri.toString() + "#" + System.currentTimeMillis().toString(),
    fileName = fileName,
    mimeType = "image/jpeg",
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageViews.kt
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ internal fun ChatMessageBubble(
      when (part.type) {
        "text" -> !part.text.isNullOrBlank()
        "image" -> !part.base64.isNullOrBlank()
-        else -> false
+        else -> part.isAudioAttachment()
      }
    }

@@ -200,11 +200,12 @@ private fun ChatMessageBody(
 ) {
  Column(verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp)) {
    for (part in content) {
-      when (part.type) {
-        "text" -> {
+      when {
+        part.type == "text" -> {
          val text = part.text ?: continue
          ChatMarkdown(text = text, textColor = textColor)
        }
+        part.isAudioAttachment() -> VoiceNoteMessageRow(durationMs = part.durationMs)
        else -> {
          val b64 = part.base64 ?: continue
          ChatBase64Image(base64 = b64, mimeType = part.mimeType)
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import ai.openclaw.app.chat.ChatPendingToolCall
 import ai.openclaw.app.chat.ChatSessionEntry
 import ai.openclaw.app.chat.MessageSpeechPhase
 import ai.openclaw.app.chat.MessageSpeechState
-import ai.openclaw.app.chat.OutgoingAttachment
+import ai.openclaw.app.chat.VoiceNoteRecorderState
 import ai.openclaw.app.resolveAgentIdFromMainSessionKey
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.copyGatewayDiagnosticsReport
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.design.ClawListItem
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.AttachFile
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Close
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Cloud
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.ContentCopy
+import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.GraphicEq
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.HourglassEmpty
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Mic
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.MoreHoriz
@@ -139,6 +140,11 @@ fun ChatScreen(
  val modelFavorites by viewModel.modelFavorites.collectAsState()
  val modelRecents by viewModel.modelRecents.collectAsState()
  val selectedModelRef by viewModel.chatSelectedModelRef.collectAsState()
+  val micEnabled by viewModel.micEnabled.collectAsState()
+  val micIsListening by viewModel.micIsListening.collectAsState()
+  val micCooldown by viewModel.micCooldown.collectAsState()
+  val talkModeEnabled by viewModel.talkModeEnabled.collectAsState()
+  val talkModeListening by viewModel.talkModeListening.collectAsState()
  val contextUsage = resolveChatContextUsage(sessionKey = sessionKey, mainSessionKey = mainSessionKey, sessions = sessions)
  val gatewayAddress = gatewayDiagnosticsEndpoint(remoteAddress = remoteAddress, manualHost = manualHost, manualPort = manualPort, manualTls = manualTls)
  val gatewayProblemMessage = gatewayConnectionDisplay.problem?.message?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
@@ -149,7 +155,7 @@ fun ChatScreen(
  val context = LocalContext.current
  val resolver = context.contentResolver
  val scope = rememberCoroutineScope()
-  val attachments = remember { mutableStateListOf<PendingImageAttachment>() }
+  val attachments = remember { mutableStateListOf<PendingAttachment>() }
  var showModelPicker by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf(false) }

  DisposableEffect(viewModel) {
@@ -168,6 +174,14 @@ fun ChatScreen(
      modelCatalog.firstOrNull { it.providerQualifiedRef() == selected }?.name?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
        ?: selected.substringAfterLast('/')
    } ?: "Model"
+  val micCaptureActive = micEnabled || micIsListening || micCooldown || talkModeEnabled || talkModeListening
+  val voiceNoteRecorder =
+    rememberVoiceNoteRecorderController(
+      viewModel = viewModel,
+      onFinished = attachments::add,
+    )
+  val voiceNoteState by voiceNoteRecorder.state.collectAsState()
+  val voiceNoteElapsedMs by voiceNoteRecorder.elapsedMs.collectAsState()
  val pickImages =
    rememberLauncherForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.GetMultipleContents()) { uris ->
      if (uris.isNullOrEmpty()) return@rememberLauncherForActivityResult
@@ -319,6 +333,12 @@ fun ChatScreen(
      onOpenModelPicker = { showModelPicker = true },
      onPickImages = { pickImages.launch("image/*") },
      onRemoveAttachment = { id -> attachments.removeAll { it.id == id } },
+      voiceNoteState = voiceNoteState,
+      voiceNoteElapsedMs = voiceNoteElapsedMs,
+      recordVoiceNoteEnabled = pendingRunCount == 0 && !micCaptureActive,
+      onStartVoiceNote = { scope.launch { voiceNoteRecorder.start() } },
+      onCancelVoiceNote = voiceNoteRecorder::cancel,
+      onFinishVoiceNote = voiceNoteRecorder::finish,
      onVoice = onVoice,
      onFixConnection = onOpenGatewaySettings,
      onCopyDiagnostics = {
@@ -333,15 +353,7 @@ fun ChatScreen(
      onSend = {
        val message = input.trim()
        if (message.isEmpty() && attachments.isEmpty()) return@ChatComposer
-        val outgoing =
-          attachments.map { attachment ->
-            OutgoingAttachment(
-              type = "image",
-              mimeType = attachment.mimeType,
-              fileName = attachment.fileName,
-              base64 = attachment.base64,
-            )
-          }
+        val outgoing = attachments.map(PendingAttachment::toOutgoingAttachment)
        val pendingAttachments = attachments.toList()
        input = ""
        attachments.clear()
@@ -847,7 +859,7 @@ private fun ChatBubble(
      when (part.type) {
        "text" -> !part.text.isNullOrBlank()
        "image" -> !part.base64.isNullOrBlank()
-        else -> false
+        else -> part.isAudioAttachment()
      }
    }
  if (displayableContent.isEmpty()) return
@@ -896,10 +908,10 @@ private fun ChatBubble(
            color = ClawTheme.colors.text,
          )
          displayableContent.forEach { part ->
-            if (part.type == "text") {
-              ChatText(text = part.text.orEmpty(), textColor = ClawTheme.colors.text, isStreaming = live)
-            } else {
-              Text(text = part.fileName ?: "Attachment", style = ClawTheme.type.body, color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted)
+            when {
+              part.type == "text" -> ChatText(text = part.text.orEmpty(), textColor = ClawTheme.colors.text, isStreaming = live)
+              part.isAudioAttachment() -> VoiceNoteMessageRow(durationMs = part.durationMs)
+              else -> Text(text = part.fileName ?: "Attachment", style = ClawTheme.type.body, color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted)
            }
          }
          if (messageId != null) {
@@ -1024,7 +1036,7 @@ private fun ChatNotice(
 private fun ChatComposer(
  value: String,
  onValueChange: (String) -> Unit,
-  attachments: List<PendingImageAttachment>,
+  attachments: List<PendingAttachment>,
  thinkingLevel: String,
  contextUsage: ChatContextUsage,
  selectedModelLabel: String,
@@ -1038,6 +1050,12 @@ private fun ChatComposer(
  onOpenModelPicker: () -> Unit,
  onPickImages: () -> Unit,
  onRemoveAttachment: (String) -> Unit,
+  voiceNoteState: VoiceNoteRecorderState,
+  voiceNoteElapsedMs: Long,
+  recordVoiceNoteEnabled: Boolean,
+  onStartVoiceNote: () -> Unit,
+  onCancelVoiceNote: () -> Unit,
+  onFinishVoiceNote: () -> Unit,
  onVoice: () -> Unit,
  onFixConnection: () -> Unit,
  onCopyDiagnostics: () -> Unit,
@@ -1080,17 +1098,32 @@ private fun ChatComposer(
    }

    Row(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(), verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically, horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(6.dp)) {
-      ChatInputPill(
-        value = value,
-        onValueChange = onValueChange,
-        onPickImages = onPickImages,
-        onVoice = onVoice,
-        modifier = Modifier.weight(1f),
-      )
+      if (voiceNoteState is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Recording) {
+        VoiceNoteRecordingControls(
+          elapsedMs = voiceNoteElapsedMs,
+          onCancel = onCancelVoiceNote,
+          onDone = onFinishVoiceNote,
+          modifier = Modifier.weight(1f),
+        )
+      } else if (voiceNoteState is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Preparing) {
+        VoiceNotePreparing(modifier = Modifier.weight(1f))
+      } else {
+        ChatInputPill(
+          value = value,
+          onValueChange = onValueChange,
+          onPickImages = onPickImages,
+          onStartVoiceNote = onStartVoiceNote,
+          recordVoiceNoteEnabled = recordVoiceNoteEnabled,
+          onVoice = onVoice,
+          modifier = Modifier.weight(1f),
+        )
+      }
      SendButton(
        // Offline, only text sends are enabled: they queue durably (text-only v1).
        enabled =
-          pendingRunCount == 0 &&
+          voiceNoteState !is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Recording &&
+            voiceNoteState !is VoiceNoteRecorderState.Preparing &&
+            pendingRunCount == 0 &&
            if (healthOk) {
              value.trim().isNotEmpty() || attachments.isNotEmpty()
            } else {
@@ -1100,6 +1133,8 @@ private fun ChatComposer(
      )
    }

+    VoiceNoteRecorderError(voiceNoteState)
+
    if (!healthOk && gatewayOffline) {
      ChatOfflineNotice(
        status = offlineStatus,
@@ -1407,6 +1442,8 @@ private fun ChatInputPill(
  value: String,
  onValueChange: (String) -> Unit,
  onPickImages: () -> Unit,
+  onStartVoiceNote: () -> Unit,
+  recordVoiceNoteEnabled: Boolean,
  onVoice: () -> Unit,
  modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
 ) {
@@ -1427,6 +1464,10 @@ private fun ChatInputPill(
          Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.AttachFile, contentDescription = "Attach image", modifier = Modifier.size(16.dp))
        }
      }
+      VoiceNoteRecordButton(
+        enabled = recordVoiceNoteEnabled,
+        onClick = onStartVoiceNote,
+      )
      Box(modifier = Modifier.weight(1f)) {
        BasicTextField(
          value = value,
@@ -1454,7 +1495,7 @@ private fun ChatInputPill(
        contentColor = ClawTheme.colors.text,
      ) {
        Box(contentAlignment = Alignment.Center) {
-          Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.Mic, contentDescription = "Voice", modifier = Modifier.size(18.dp))
+          Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.GraphicEq, contentDescription = "Open voice", modifier = Modifier.size(18.dp))
        }
      }
    }
@@ -1463,19 +1504,19 @@ private fun ChatInputPill(

@Composable
 private fun AttachmentStrip(
-  attachments: List<PendingImageAttachment>,
+  attachments: List<PendingAttachment>,
  onRemoveAttachment: (String) -> Unit,
 ) {
  Row(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth().horizontalScroll(rememberScrollState()), horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(6.dp)) {
    attachments.forEach { attachment ->
-      AttachmentChip(fileName = attachment.fileName, onRemove = { onRemoveAttachment(attachment.id) })
+      AttachmentChip(attachment = attachment, onRemove = { onRemoveAttachment(attachment.id) })
    }
  }
 }

@Composable
 private fun AttachmentChip(
-  fileName: String,
+  attachment: PendingAttachment,
  onRemove: () -> Unit,
 ) {
  Surface(
@@ -1489,7 +1530,18 @@ private fun AttachmentChip(
      verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
      horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(6.dp),
    ) {
-      Text(text = fileName, style = ClawTheme.type.caption, color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted, maxLines = 1, overflow = TextOverflow.Ellipsis)
+      if (attachment.mimeType.startsWith("audio/")) {
+        Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.Mic, contentDescription = null, modifier = Modifier.size(14.dp), tint = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted)
+      }
+      Text(
+        text =
+          attachment.durationMs?.let { duration -> "Voice note · ${formatVoiceNoteDuration(duration)}" }
+            ?: attachment.fileName,
+        style = ClawTheme.type.caption,
+        color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted,
+        maxLines = 1,
+        overflow = TextOverflow.Ellipsis,
+      )
      Surface(onClick = onRemove, modifier = Modifier.size(22.dp), shape = CircleShape, color = ClawTheme.colors.canvas, contentColor = ClawTheme.colors.text) {
        Box(contentAlignment = Alignment.Center) {
          Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.Close, contentDescription = "Remove attachment", modifier = Modifier.size(13.dp))
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatSheetContent.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatSheetContent.kt
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package ai.openclaw.app.ui.chat

 import ai.openclaw.app.MainViewModel
 import ai.openclaw.app.chat.ChatSessionEntry
-import ai.openclaw.app.chat.OutgoingAttachment
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.mobileAccent
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.mobileAccentBorderStrong
 import ai.openclaw.app.ui.mobileBorderStrong
@@ -91,6 +90,11 @@ fun ChatSheetContent(viewModel: MainViewModel) {
  val messageSpeechState by viewModel.chatMessageSpeech.collectAsState()
  val gatewayConnectionDisplay by viewModel.gatewayConnectionDisplay.collectAsState()
  val gatewayOffline = !gatewayConnectionDisplay.isConnected
+  val micEnabled by viewModel.micEnabled.collectAsState()
+  val micIsListening by viewModel.micIsListening.collectAsState()
+  val micCooldown by viewModel.micCooldown.collectAsState()
+  val talkModeEnabled by viewModel.talkModeEnabled.collectAsState()
+  val talkModeListening by viewModel.talkModeListening.collectAsState()

  DisposableEffect(viewModel) {
    onDispose(viewModel::stopChatMessageSpeech)
@@ -124,7 +128,15 @@ fun ChatSheetContent(viewModel: MainViewModel) {
  val resolver = context.contentResolver
  val scope = rememberCoroutineScope()

-  val attachments = remember { mutableStateListOf<PendingImageAttachment>() }
+  val attachments = remember { mutableStateListOf<PendingAttachment>() }
+  val micCaptureActive = micEnabled || micIsListening || micCooldown || talkModeEnabled || talkModeListening
+  val voiceNoteRecorder =
+    rememberVoiceNoteRecorderController(
+      viewModel = viewModel,
+      onFinished = attachments::add,
+    )
+  val voiceNoteState by voiceNoteRecorder.state.collectAsState()
+  val voiceNoteElapsedMs by voiceNoteRecorder.elapsedMs.collectAsState()

  val pickImages =
    rememberLauncherForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.GetMultipleContents()) { uris ->
@@ -198,6 +210,12 @@ fun ChatSheetContent(viewModel: MainViewModel) {
        onDraftApplied = viewModel::clearChatDraft,
        onPickImages = { pickImages.launch("image/*") },
        onRemoveAttachment = { id -> attachments.removeAll { it.id == id } },
+        voiceNoteState = voiceNoteState,
+        voiceNoteElapsedMs = voiceNoteElapsedMs,
+        recordVoiceNoteEnabled = pendingRunCount == 0 && !micCaptureActive,
+        onStartVoiceNote = { scope.launch { voiceNoteRecorder.start() } },
+        onCancelVoiceNote = voiceNoteRecorder::cancel,
+        onFinishVoiceNote = voiceNoteRecorder::finish,
        onSetThinkingLevel = { level -> viewModel.setChatThinkingLevel(level) },
        onRefresh = {
          viewModel.refreshChat()
@@ -206,15 +224,7 @@ fun ChatSheetContent(viewModel: MainViewModel) {
        },
        onAbort = { viewModel.abortChat() },
        onSend = { text ->
-          val outgoing =
-            attachments.map { att ->
-              OutgoingAttachment(
-                type = "image",
-                mimeType = att.mimeType,
-                fileName = att.fileName,
-                base64 = att.base64,
-              )
-            }
+          val outgoing = attachments.map(PendingAttachment::toOutgoingAttachment)
          val pendingAttachments = attachments.toList()
          attachments.clear()
          val accepted = viewModel.sendChatAwaitAcceptance(message = text, thinking = thinkingLevel, attachments = outgoing)
@@ -286,13 +296,3 @@ private fun ChatErrorRail(errorText: String) {
    }
  }
 }
-
-/**
- * Image selected in the composer and held in memory until the next chat.send call.
- */
-data class PendingImageAttachment(
-  val id: String,
-  val fileName: String,
-  val mimeType: String,
-  val base64: String,
-)
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatTimeline.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatTimeline.kt
@@ -124,6 +124,8 @@ private fun stableMessageVersion(message: ChatMessage): String {
      append(content.fileName.orEmpty())
      append(',')
      append(content.base64?.length ?: 0)
+      append(',')
+      append(content.durationMs ?: "")
    }
  }
 }
@@ -163,6 +165,8 @@ private fun latestContentVersion(
      append(content.fileName.orEmpty())
      append(',')
      append(content.base64?.length ?: 0)
+      append(',')
+      append(content.durationMs ?: "")
    }
    append(":runs=")
    append(pendingRunCount)
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/PendingAttachment.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/PendingAttachment.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package ai.openclaw.app.ui.chat
+
+import ai.openclaw.app.chat.OutgoingAttachment
+import ai.openclaw.app.chat.VOICE_NOTE_MIME_TYPE
+import ai.openclaw.app.chat.VoiceNoteRecording
+import java.util.Base64
+
+/** Attachment staged in a composer until the next chat.send call. */
+data class PendingAttachment(
+  val id: String,
+  val fileName: String,
+  val mimeType: String,
+  val base64: String,
+  val durationMs: Long? = null,
+)
+
+internal fun PendingAttachment.toOutgoingAttachment(): OutgoingAttachment =
+  OutgoingAttachment(
+    type = attachmentTypeForMimeType(mimeType),
+    mimeType = mimeType,
+    fileName = fileName,
+    base64 = base64,
+    durationMs = durationMs,
+  )
+
+internal fun attachmentTypeForMimeType(mimeType: String): String =
+  when {
+    mimeType.startsWith("audio/") -> "audio"
+    mimeType.startsWith("image/") -> "image"
+    else -> "file"
+  }
+
+internal fun stageVoiceNoteAttachment(recording: VoiceNoteRecording): PendingAttachment =
+  try {
+    PendingAttachment(
+      id = recording.file.absolutePath + "#" + recording.durationMs,
+      fileName = recording.file.name,
+      mimeType = VOICE_NOTE_MIME_TYPE,
+      base64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(recording.file.readBytes()),
+      durationMs = recording.durationMs,
+    )
+  } finally {
+    recording.file.delete()
+  }
+
+internal fun formatVoiceNoteDuration(durationMs: Long): String {
+  val totalSeconds = durationMs.coerceAtLeast(0L) / 1_000L
+  val minutes = totalSeconds / 60L
+  val seconds = totalSeconds % 60L
+  return "$minutes:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}"
+}
--- a/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/VoiceNoteComposer.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/VoiceNoteComposer.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package ai.openclaw.app.ui.chat
+
+import ai.openclaw.app.MainViewModel
+import ai.openclaw.app.chat.AndroidVoiceNoteRecordingEngine
+import ai.openclaw.app.chat.ChatMessageContent
+import ai.openclaw.app.chat.VoiceNoteRecorderController
+import ai.openclaw.app.chat.VoiceNoteRecorderState
+import ai.openclaw.app.ui.design.ClawTheme
+import androidx.compose.foundation.BorderStroke
+import androidx.compose.foundation.background
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Arrangement
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Row
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.heightIn
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.size
+import androidx.compose.foundation.shape.CircleShape
+import androidx.compose.foundation.shape.RoundedCornerShape
+import androidx.compose.material.icons.Icons
+import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Check
+import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Close
+import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.Mic
+import androidx.compose.material3.Icon
+import androidx.compose.material3.Surface
+import androidx.compose.material3.Text
+import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
+import androidx.compose.runtime.DisposableEffect
+import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
+import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
+import androidx.compose.runtime.rememberCoroutineScope
+import androidx.compose.runtime.rememberUpdatedState
+import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
+import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
+import androidx.compose.ui.platform.LocalContext
+import androidx.compose.ui.text.font.FontWeight
+import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
+import androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle
+import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleEventObserver
+import androidx.lifecycle.compose.LocalLifecycleOwner
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+
+@Composable
+internal fun rememberVoiceNoteRecorderController(
+  viewModel: MainViewModel,
+  onFinished: (PendingAttachment) -> Unit,
+): VoiceNoteRecorderController {
+  val context = LocalContext.current.applicationContext
+  val lifecycleOwner = LocalLifecycleOwner.current
+  val scope = rememberCoroutineScope()
+  val currentOnFinished by rememberUpdatedState(onFinished)
+  lateinit var controller: VoiceNoteRecorderController
+  controller =
+    remember(context, viewModel, scope) {
+      VoiceNoteRecorderController(
+        scope = scope,
+        outputDirectory = context.cacheDir,
+        engine = AndroidVoiceNoteRecordingEngine(context),
+        requestPermission = viewModel::requestVoiceNotePermission,
+        acquireMic = viewModel::tryAcquireVoiceNoteMic,
+        releaseMic = viewModel::releaseVoiceNoteMic,
+        onFinished = { recording ->
+          scope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
+            val attachment = runCatching { stageVoiceNoteAttachment(recording) }
+            withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+              attachment.fold(
+                onSuccess = {
+                  currentOnFinished(it)
+                  controller.completePreparation()
+                },
+                onFailure = { controller.reportFailure("Could not prepare voice note.") },
+              )
+            }
+          }
+        },
+      )
+    }
+  DisposableEffect(controller, lifecycleOwner) {
+    val observer =
+      LifecycleEventObserver { _, event ->
+        if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) controller.cancel()
+      }
+    lifecycleOwner.lifecycle.addObserver(observer)
+    onDispose {
+      lifecycleOwner.lifecycle.removeObserver(observer)
+      controller.cancel()
+    }
+  }
+  return controller
+}
+
+@Composable
+internal fun VoiceNotePreparing(modifier: Modifier = Modifier) {
+  Surface(
+    modifier = modifier.fillMaxWidth().heightIn(min = ClawTheme.spacing.touchTarget),
+    shape = RoundedCornerShape(ClawTheme.radii.control),
+    color = ClawTheme.colors.surfaceRaised,
+    contentColor = ClawTheme.colors.textSubtle,
+    border = BorderStroke(1.dp, ClawTheme.colors.border),
+  ) {
+    Row(
+      modifier = Modifier.padding(horizontal = 12.dp, vertical = 8.dp),
+      verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
+      horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(10.dp),
+    ) {
+      Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.Mic, contentDescription = null, modifier = Modifier.size(18.dp))
+      Text(text = "Preparing voice note…", style = ClawTheme.type.label)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@Composable
+internal fun VoiceNoteRecordButton(
+  enabled: Boolean,
+  onClick: () -> Unit,
+  modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+) {
+  Surface(
+    onClick = onClick,
+    enabled = enabled,
+    modifier = modifier.size(ClawTheme.spacing.touchTarget),
+    shape = CircleShape,
+    color = ClawTheme.colors.surfaceRaised,
+    contentColor = if (enabled) ClawTheme.colors.text else ClawTheme.colors.textSubtle,
+  ) {
+    Box(contentAlignment = Alignment.Center) {
+      Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.Mic, contentDescription = "Record voice note", modifier = Modifier.size(18.dp))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@Composable
+internal fun VoiceNoteRecordingControls(
+  elapsedMs: Long,
+  onCancel: () -> Unit,
+  onDone: () -> Unit,
+  modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+) {
+  Surface(
+    modifier = modifier.fillMaxWidth().heightIn(min = ClawTheme.spacing.touchTarget),
+    shape = RoundedCornerShape(ClawTheme.radii.control),
+    color = ClawTheme.colors.surfaceRaised,
+    contentColor = ClawTheme.colors.text,
+    border = BorderStroke(1.dp, ClawTheme.colors.border),
+  ) {
+    Row(
+      modifier = Modifier.padding(horizontal = 10.dp, vertical = 6.dp),
+      verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
+      horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(10.dp),
+    ) {
+      Box(modifier = Modifier.size(8.dp).background(ClawTheme.colors.danger, CircleShape))
+      Text(
+        text = formatVoiceNoteDuration(elapsedMs),
+        style = ClawTheme.type.label.copy(fontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold),
+        modifier = Modifier.weight(1f),
+      )
+      Surface(
+        onClick = onCancel,
+        modifier = Modifier.size(36.dp),
+        shape = CircleShape,
+        color = ClawTheme.colors.canvas,
+        contentColor = ClawTheme.colors.text,
+      ) {
+        Box(contentAlignment = Alignment.Center) {
+          Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.Close, contentDescription = "Cancel voice note", modifier = Modifier.size(17.dp))
+        }
+      }
+      Surface(
+        onClick = onDone,
+        modifier = Modifier.size(36.dp),
+        shape = CircleShape,
+        color = ClawTheme.colors.primary,
+        contentColor = ClawTheme.colors.primaryText,
+      ) {
+        Box(contentAlignment = Alignment.Center) {
+          Icon(imageVector = Icons.Default.Check, contentDescription = "Finish voice note", modifier = Modifier.size(17.dp))
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@Composable
+internal fun VoiceNoteRecorderError(state: VoiceNoteRecorderState) {
+  val message = (state as? VoiceNoteRecorderState.Failure)?.message ?: return
+  Text(text = message, style = ClawTheme.type.caption, color = ClawTheme.colors.danger)
+}
+
+internal fun ChatMessageContent.isAudioAttachment(): Boolean = type == "audio" || mimeType?.startsWith("audio/") == true
+
+@Composable
+internal fun VoiceNoteMessageRow(durationMs: Long?) {
+  Row(
+    verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
+    horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp),
+  ) {
+    Icon(
+      imageVector = Icons.Default.Mic,
+      contentDescription = null,
+      modifier = Modifier.size(16.dp),
+      tint = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted,
+    )
+    Text(text = "Voice note", style = ClawTheme.type.body, color = ClawTheme.colors.text)
+    durationMs?.let { duration ->
+      Text(
+        text = formatVoiceNoteDuration(duration),
+        style = ClawTheme.type.caption,
+        color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted,
+      )
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/GatewayBootstrapAuthTest.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/GatewayBootstrapAuthTest.kt
@@ -847,6 +847,32 @@ class GatewayBootstrapAuthTest {
    assertFalse(runtime.prefs.voiceMicEnabled.value)
  }

+  @Test
+  @OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
+  fun voiceNoteMicOwnershipBlocksLocalVoiceAndGatewayPtt() =
+    runBlocking {
+      val app = RuntimeEnvironment.getApplication()
+      shadowOf(app).grantPermissions(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)
+      val runtime = createTestRuntime(app)
+      val dispatcher = readField<InvokeDispatcher>(runtime, "invokeDispatcher")
+      Dispatchers.setMain(Dispatchers.Unconfined)
+      try {
+        assertTrue(runtime.tryAcquireVoiceNoteMic())
+
+        runtime.setMicEnabled(true)
+        runtime.setTalkModeEnabled(true)
+        val ptt = dispatcher.handleInvoke(OpenClawTalkCommand.PttStart.rawValue, null)
+
+        assertEquals(VoiceCaptureMode.Off, runtime.voiceCaptureMode.value)
+        assertEquals("MIC_BUSY", ptt.error?.code)
+        assertEquals("MIC_BUSY: voice note recording is active", ptt.error?.message)
+        assertFalse(readField<MutableStateFlow<Boolean>>(runtime, "externalAudioCaptureActive").value)
+      } finally {
+        runtime.releaseVoiceNoteMic()
+        Dispatchers.resetMain()
+      }
+    }
+
  @Test
  @OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
  fun talkPttStart_cleansPreparedCaptureWhenBeginFails() =
--- a/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatControllerMessageIdentityTest.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatControllerMessageIdentityTest.kt
@@ -153,6 +153,63 @@ class ChatControllerMessageIdentityTest {
    assertNotEquals(reconciled[0].id, reconciled[1].id)
  }

+  @Test
+  fun reconcileMessageIdsPreservesOptimisticVoiceNoteDuration() {
+    val previous =
+      ChatMessage(
+        id = "local-user",
+        role = "user",
+        content =
+          listOf(
+            ChatMessageContent(type = "text", text = "See attached."),
+            ChatMessageContent(type = "audio", mimeType = "audio/mp4", fileName = "voice-note.m4a", durationMs = 4_321L),
+          ),
+        timestampMs = 1_000L,
+        idempotencyKey = "run:user",
+      )
+    val incoming =
+      previous.copy(
+        id = "gateway-user",
+        content = previous.content.map { it.copy(durationMs = null) },
+      )
+
+    val reconciled = reconcileMessageIds(previous = listOf(previous), incoming = listOf(incoming)).single()
+
+    assertEquals("local-user", reconciled.id)
+    assertEquals(4_321L, reconciled.content[1].durationMs)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun reconcileMessageIdsPreservesMultipleVoiceNoteDurationsInOrder() {
+    val previous =
+      ChatMessage(
+        id = "local-user",
+        role = "user",
+        content =
+          listOf(
+            ChatMessageContent(type = "text", text = "See attached."),
+            ChatMessageContent(type = "audio", mimeType = "audio/mp4", fileName = "first.m4a", durationMs = 1_000L),
+            ChatMessageContent(type = "audio", mimeType = "audio/mp4", fileName = "second.m4a", durationMs = 2_000L),
+          ),
+        timestampMs = 1_000L,
+        idempotencyKey = "run:user",
+      )
+    val incoming =
+      previous.copy(
+        id = "gateway-user",
+        content =
+          listOf(
+            ChatMessageContent(type = "text", text = "See attached."),
+            ChatMessageContent(type = "audio", mimeType = "audio/x-m4a", fileName = "stored-a.m4a"),
+            ChatMessageContent(type = "audio", mimeType = "audio/x-m4a", fileName = "stored-b.m4a"),
+          ),
+      )
+
+    val reconciled = reconcileMessageIds(previous = listOf(previous), incoming = listOf(incoming)).single()
+
+    assertEquals(listOf(1_000L, 2_000L), reconciled.content.drop(1).map { it.durationMs })
+  }
+
  @Test
  fun mergeOptimisticMessagesKeepsOutgoingUserTurnWhenHistoryOmitsIt() {
    val optimistic =
--- a/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatMessageContentParsingTest.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatMessageContentParsingTest.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package ai.openclaw.app.chat

 import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonObject
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
 import org.junit.Test
@@ -46,4 +47,42 @@ class ChatMessageContentParsingTest {
      parseChatMessageContent(managedImage),
    )
  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun parsesDirectAndAttachmentAudioBlocks() {
+    val direct =
+      Json.parseToJsonElement(
+        """{"type":"audio","mimeType":"audio/mp4","fileName":"voice.m4a"}""",
+      )
+    val attachment =
+      Json.parseToJsonElement(
+        """{"type":"attachment","attachment":{"kind":"audio","mimeType":"audio/mpeg","label":"reply.mp3"}}""",
+      )
+
+    assertEquals(
+      ChatMessageContent(type = "audio", mimeType = "audio/mp4", fileName = "voice.m4a"),
+      parseChatMessageContent(direct),
+    )
+    assertEquals(
+      ChatMessageContent(type = "audio", mimeType = "audio/mpeg", fileName = "reply.mp3"),
+      parseChatMessageContent(attachment),
+    )
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun parsesTranscriptAudioMediaFieldsAlongsideCaption() {
+    val message =
+      Json
+        .parseToJsonElement(
+          """{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"See attached."}],"MediaPaths":["media/inbound/voice.m4a"],"MediaTypes":["audio/x-m4a"]}""",
+        ).jsonObject
+
+    assertEquals(
+      listOf(
+        ChatMessageContent(type = "text", text = "See attached."),
+        ChatMessageContent(type = "audio", mimeType = "audio/x-m4a", fileName = "voice.m4a"),
+      ),
+      parseChatMessageContents(message),
+    )
+  }
 }
--- a/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatVoiceNoteAttachmentTest.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatVoiceNoteAttachmentTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package ai.openclaw.app.chat
+
+import ai.openclaw.app.ui.chat.stageVoiceNoteAttachment
+import ai.openclaw.app.ui.chat.toOutgoingAttachment
+import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runCurrent
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonArray
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonPrimitive
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import java.nio.file.Files
+
+@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
+class ChatVoiceNoteAttachmentTest {
+  @Test
+  fun stagedVoiceNoteUsesAudioPayloadAndDurationInLocalEcho() =
+    runTest {
+      val file = Files.createTempFile("voice-note-", ".m4a").toFile()
+      file.writeBytes("voice-bytes".encodeToByteArray())
+      val pending = stageVoiceNoteAttachment(VoiceNoteRecording(file = file, durationMs = 12_345L))
+      val outgoing = pending.toOutgoingAttachment()
+      var sentParams: JsonObject? = null
+      val json = Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true }
+      val chat =
+        ChatController(
+          scope = backgroundScope,
+          json = json,
+          requestGateway = { method, paramsJson ->
+            when (method) {
+              "chat.send" -> {
+                sentParams = json.parseToJsonElement(paramsJson.orEmpty()) as JsonObject
+                """{"runId":"voice-run","status":"started"}"""
+              }
+              else -> "{}"
+            }
+          },
+        )
+      chat.handleGatewayEvent("health", null)
+      runCurrent()
+
+      val accepted =
+        chat.sendMessageAwaitAcceptance(
+          message = "listen",
+          thinkingLevel = "off",
+          attachments = listOf(outgoing),
+        )
+
+      assertTrue(accepted)
+      assertFalse(file.exists())
+      assertEquals("audio", outgoing.type)
+      assertEquals(VOICE_NOTE_MIME_TYPE, outgoing.mimeType)
+      assertTrue(outgoing.fileName.endsWith(".m4a"))
+      assertEquals("dm9pY2UtYnl0ZXM=", outgoing.base64)
+
+      val sentAttachment = ((sentParams?.get("attachments") as JsonArray).single() as JsonObject)
+      assertEquals("audio", (sentAttachment["type"] as JsonPrimitive).content)
+      assertEquals(VOICE_NOTE_MIME_TYPE, (sentAttachment["mimeType"] as JsonPrimitive).content)
+      assertTrue((sentAttachment["fileName"] as JsonPrimitive).content.endsWith(".m4a"))
+      assertEquals("dm9pY2UtYnl0ZXM=", (sentAttachment["content"] as JsonPrimitive).content)
+
+      val echoedAudio =
+        chat.messages.value
+          .single()
+          .content
+          .single { it.type == "audio" }
+      assertEquals(VOICE_NOTE_MIME_TYPE, echoedAudio.mimeType)
+      assertEquals(12_345L, echoedAudio.durationMs)
+    }
+}
--- a/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/VoiceNoteRecorderControllerTest.kt
+++ b/apps/android/app/src/test/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/VoiceNoteRecorderControllerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+package ai.openclaw.app.chat
+
+import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.advanceTimeBy
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runCurrent
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import java.io.File
+import java.nio.file.Files
+
+@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
+class VoiceNoteRecorderControllerTest {
+  private class FakeEngine(
+    var durationMs: Long = 1_200L,
+    var outputBytes: ByteArray = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3),
+  ) : VoiceNoteRecordingEngine {
+    var startCount = 0
+    var stopCount = 0
+    var cancelCount = 0
+    var outputFile: File? = null
+
+    override fun start(outputFile: File) {
+      startCount += 1
+      this.outputFile = outputFile
+      outputFile.writeBytes(outputBytes)
+    }
+
+    override fun stop(): Long {
+      stopCount += 1
+      return durationMs
+    }
+
+    override fun cancel() {
+      cancelCount += 1
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun startTransitionsToRecordingAndPublishesElapsedTime() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      var now = 1_000L
+      val engine = FakeEngine()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, elapsedRealtimeMillis = { now })
+
+      assertTrue(controller.start())
+      assertEquals(VoiceNoteRecorderState.Recording(startedAtMillis = 1_000L), controller.state.value)
+
+      now = 3_500L
+      advanceTimeBy(250L)
+      runCurrent()
+      assertEquals(2_500L, controller.elapsedMs.value)
+
+      controller.cancel()
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun stopReturnsRetainedFileAndDuration() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val engine = FakeEngine(durationMs = 4_321L)
+      val finished = mutableListOf<VoiceNoteRecording>()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, onFinished = finished::add)
+
+      controller.start()
+      assertTrue(controller.finish())
+
+      val recording = finished.single()
+      assertEquals(4_321L, recording.durationMs)
+      assertTrue(recording.file.exists())
+      assertEquals(VoiceNoteRecorderState.Preparing, controller.state.value)
+      controller.completePreparation()
+      assertEquals(VoiceNoteRecorderState.Idle, controller.state.value)
+      recording.file.delete()
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun stopMarksMpeg4ContainerAsM4aForGatewaySniffing() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val mpeg4 = ByteArray(24)
+      "ftypmp42".toByteArray(Charsets.US_ASCII).copyInto(mpeg4, destinationOffset = 4)
+      val engine = FakeEngine(outputBytes = mpeg4)
+      val finished = mutableListOf<VoiceNoteRecording>()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, onFinished = finished::add)
+
+      controller.start()
+      controller.finish()
+
+      val recording = finished.single()
+      val majorBrand =
+        recording.file
+          .readBytes()
+          .copyOfRange(8, 12)
+          .toString(Charsets.US_ASCII)
+      assertEquals("M4A ", majorBrand)
+      recording.file.delete()
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun cancelDeletesTemporaryFileAndReturnsIdle() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val engine = FakeEngine()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine)
+
+      controller.start()
+      val file = requireNotNull(engine.outputFile)
+      controller.cancel()
+
+      assertFalse(file.exists())
+      assertEquals(1, engine.cancelCount)
+      assertEquals(VoiceNoteRecorderState.Idle, controller.state.value)
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun durationCapUsesNormalFinishPath() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      var now = 1_000L
+      val engine = FakeEngine(durationMs = VOICE_NOTE_MAX_DURATION_MS)
+      val finished = mutableListOf<VoiceNoteRecording>()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, onFinished = finished::add, elapsedRealtimeMillis = { now })
+
+      controller.start()
+      now += VOICE_NOTE_MAX_DURATION_MS
+      advanceTimeBy(250L)
+      runCurrent()
+
+      assertEquals(1, engine.stopCount)
+      assertEquals(VOICE_NOTE_MAX_DURATION_MS, finished.single().durationMs)
+      finished.single().file.delete()
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun oversizeRecordingFailsAndDeletesFile() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val engine = FakeEngine(outputBytes = ByteArray(VOICE_NOTE_MAX_BYTES.toInt() + 1))
+      val finished = mutableListOf<VoiceNoteRecording>()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, onFinished = finished::add)
+
+      controller.start()
+      val file = requireNotNull(engine.outputFile)
+      assertFalse(controller.finish())
+
+      assertFalse(file.exists())
+      assertTrue(finished.isEmpty())
+      assertEquals(
+        VoiceNoteRecorderState.Failure("Voice note is too large. Record a shorter message."),
+        controller.state.value,
+      )
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun startIsRefusedWhileAlreadyRecording() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val engine = FakeEngine()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine)
+
+      assertTrue(controller.start())
+      assertFalse(controller.start())
+      assertEquals(1, engine.startCount)
+
+      controller.cancel()
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun startIsRefusedWhilePreparingAttachment() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val engine = FakeEngine()
+      val finished = mutableListOf<VoiceNoteRecording>()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, onFinished = finished::add)
+
+      controller.start()
+      controller.finish()
+
+      assertFalse(controller.start())
+      assertEquals(1, engine.startCount)
+      assertEquals(VoiceNoteRecorderState.Preparing, controller.state.value)
+
+      finished.single().file.delete()
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun cancelDuringPreparingDeletesHandedOffFile() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val engine = FakeEngine()
+      val finished = mutableListOf<VoiceNoteRecording>()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, onFinished = finished::add)
+
+      controller.start()
+      controller.finish()
+      assertEquals(VoiceNoteRecorderState.Preparing, controller.state.value)
+      assertTrue(finished.single().file.exists())
+
+      // Composition-scoped staging may be cancelled before it runs; cancel()
+      // must still delete the handed-off recording.
+      controller.cancel()
+
+      assertEquals(VoiceNoteRecorderState.Idle, controller.state.value)
+      assertFalse(finished.single().file.exists())
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun reportFailureDuringPreparingDeletesHandedOffFile() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val engine = FakeEngine()
+      val finished = mutableListOf<VoiceNoteRecording>()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, onFinished = finished::add)
+
+      controller.start()
+      controller.finish()
+
+      controller.reportFailure("Could not prepare voice note.")
+
+      assertEquals(
+        VoiceNoteRecorderState.Failure("Could not prepare voice note."),
+        controller.state.value,
+      )
+      assertFalse(finished.single().file.exists())
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun startIsRefusedWhileVoiceCaptureOwnsMic() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val engine = FakeEngine()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, acquireMic = { false })
+
+      assertFalse(controller.start())
+
+      assertEquals(0, engine.startCount)
+      assertEquals(
+        VoiceNoteRecorderState.Failure("Voice capture is already using the microphone."),
+        controller.state.value,
+      )
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  @Test
+  fun permissionDeniedIsUserVisibleAndDoesNotStartEngine() =
+    runTest {
+      val directory = Files.createTempDirectory("voice-note-test").toFile()
+      val engine = FakeEngine()
+      val controller = controller(directory, engine, requestPermission = { false })
+
+      assertFalse(controller.start())
+
+      assertEquals(0, engine.startCount)
+      assertEquals(
+        VoiceNoteRecorderState.Failure("Microphone permission is required to record a voice note."),
+        controller.state.value,
+      )
+      directory.deleteRecursively()
+    }
+
+  private fun kotlinx.coroutines.test.TestScope.controller(
+    directory: File,
+    engine: FakeEngine,
+    requestPermission: suspend () -> Boolean = { true },
+    acquireMic: () -> Boolean = { true },
+    releaseMic: () -> Unit = {},
+    onFinished: (VoiceNoteRecording) -> Unit = {},
+    elapsedRealtimeMillis: () -> Long = { 1_000L },
+  ): VoiceNoteRecorderController =
+    VoiceNoteRecorderController(
+      scope = this,
+      outputDirectory = directory,
+      engine = engine,
+      requestPermission = requestPermission,
+      acquireMic = acquireMic,
+      releaseMic = releaseMic,
+      onFinished = onFinished,
+      elapsedRealtimeMillis = elapsedRealtimeMillis,
+    )
+}