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402 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
402 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
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read_when: You want per-agent sandboxing or per-agent tool allow/deny policies in a multi-agent gateway.
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status: active
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summary: 按智能体的沙箱 + 工具限制、优先级和示例
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title: 多智能体沙箱与工具
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x-i18n:
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generated_at: "2026-02-03T07:50:39Z"
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model: claude-opus-4-5
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provider: pi
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source_hash: f602cb6192b84b404cd7b6336562888a239d0fe79514edd51bd73c5b090131ef
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source_path: tools/multi-agent-sandbox-tools.md
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workflow: 15
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---
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# 多智能体沙箱与工具配置
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## 概述
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多智能体设置中的每个智能体现在可以拥有自己的:
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- **沙箱配置**(`agents.list[].sandbox` 覆盖 `agents.defaults.sandbox`)
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- **工具限制**(`tools.allow` / `tools.deny`,以及 `agents.list[].tools`)
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这允许你运行具有不同安全配置文件的多个智能体:
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- 具有完全访问权限的个人助手
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- 具有受限工具的家庭/工作智能体
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- 在沙箱中运行的面向公众的智能体
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`setupCommand` 属于 `sandbox.docker` 下(全局或按智能体),在容器创建时运行一次。
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认证是按智能体的:每个智能体从其自己的 `agentDir` 认证存储读取:
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```
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~/.openclaw/agents/<agentId>/agent/auth-profiles.json
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```
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凭证**不会**在智能体之间共享。切勿在智能体之间重用 `agentDir`。
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如果你想共享凭证,请将 `auth-profiles.json` 复制到其他智能体的 `agentDir` 中。
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有关沙箱隔离在运行时的行为,请参见[沙箱隔离](/gateway/sandboxing)。
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有关调试"为什么这被阻止了?",请参见[沙箱 vs 工具策略 vs 提权](/gateway/sandbox-vs-tool-policy-vs-elevated) 和 `openclaw sandbox explain`。
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---
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## 配置示例
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### 示例 1:个人 + 受限家庭智能体
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```json
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{
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"agents": {
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"list": [
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{
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"id": "main",
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"default": true,
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"name": "Personal Assistant",
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"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace",
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"sandbox": { "mode": "off" }
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},
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{
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"id": "family",
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"name": "Family Bot",
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"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace-family",
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"sandbox": {
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"mode": "all",
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"scope": "agent"
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},
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"tools": {
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"allow": ["read"],
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"deny": ["exec", "write", "edit", "apply_patch", "process", "browser"]
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}
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}
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]
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},
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"bindings": [
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{
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"agentId": "family",
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"match": {
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"provider": "whatsapp",
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"accountId": "*",
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"peer": {
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"kind": "group",
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"id": "120363424282127706@g.us"
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}
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}
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}
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]
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}
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```
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**结果:**
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- `main` 智能体:在主机上运行,完全工具访问
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- `family` 智能体:在 Docker 中运行(每个智能体一个容器),仅有 `read` 工具
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---
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### 示例 2:具有共享沙箱的工作智能体
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```json
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{
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"agents": {
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"list": [
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{
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"id": "personal",
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"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace-personal",
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"sandbox": { "mode": "off" }
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},
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{
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"id": "work",
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"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace-work",
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"sandbox": {
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"mode": "all",
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"scope": "shared",
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"workspaceRoot": "/tmp/work-sandboxes"
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},
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"tools": {
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"allow": ["read", "write", "apply_patch", "exec"],
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"deny": ["browser", "gateway", "discord"]
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}
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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---
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### 示例 2b:全局编码配置文件 + 仅消息智能体
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```json
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{
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"tools": { "profile": "coding" },
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"agents": {
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"list": [
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{
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"id": "support",
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"tools": { "profile": "messaging", "allow": ["slack"] }
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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**结果:**
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- 默认智能体获得编码工具
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- `support` 智能体仅用于消息(+ Slack 工具)
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---
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### 示例 3:每个智能体不同的沙箱模式
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```json
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{
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"agents": {
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"defaults": {
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"sandbox": {
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"mode": "non-main", // 全局默认
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"scope": "session"
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}
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},
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"list": [
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{
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"id": "main",
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"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace",
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"sandbox": {
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"mode": "off" // 覆盖:main 永不沙箱隔离
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}
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},
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{
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"id": "public",
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"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace-public",
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"sandbox": {
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"mode": "all", // 覆盖:public 始终沙箱隔离
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"scope": "agent"
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},
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"tools": {
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"allow": ["read"],
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"deny": ["exec", "write", "edit", "apply_patch"]
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}
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 配置优先级
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当全局(`agents.defaults.*`)和智能体特定(`agents.list[].*`)配置同时存在时:
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### 沙箱配置
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智能体特定设置覆盖全局:
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```
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agents.list[].sandbox.mode > agents.defaults.sandbox.mode
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agents.list[].sandbox.scope > agents.defaults.sandbox.scope
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agents.list[].sandbox.workspaceRoot > agents.defaults.sandbox.workspaceRoot
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agents.list[].sandbox.workspaceAccess > agents.defaults.sandbox.workspaceAccess
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agents.list[].sandbox.docker.* > agents.defaults.sandbox.docker.*
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agents.list[].sandbox.browser.* > agents.defaults.sandbox.browser.*
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agents.list[].sandbox.prune.* > agents.defaults.sandbox.prune.*
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```
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**注意事项:**
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- `agents.list[].sandbox.{docker,browser,prune}.*` 为该智能体覆盖 `agents.defaults.sandbox.{docker,browser,prune}.*`(当沙箱 scope 解析为 `"shared"` 时忽略)。
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### 工具限制
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过滤顺序是:
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1. **工具配置文件**(`tools.profile` 或 `agents.list[].tools.profile`)
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2. **提供商工具配置文件**(`tools.byProvider[provider].profile` 或 `agents.list[].tools.byProvider[provider].profile`)
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3. **全局工具策略**(`tools.allow` / `tools.deny`)
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4. **提供商工具策略**(`tools.byProvider[provider].allow/deny`)
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5. **智能体特定工具策略**(`agents.list[].tools.allow/deny`)
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6. **智能体提供商策略**(`agents.list[].tools.byProvider[provider].allow/deny`)
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7. **沙箱工具策略**(`tools.sandbox.tools` 或 `agents.list[].tools.sandbox.tools`)
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8. **子智能体工具策略**(`tools.subagents.tools`,如适用)
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每个级别可以进一步限制工具,但不能恢复之前级别拒绝的工具。
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如果设置了 `agents.list[].tools.sandbox.tools`,它将替换该智能体的 `tools.sandbox.tools`。
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如果设置了 `agents.list[].tools.profile`,它将覆盖该智能体的 `tools.profile`。
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提供商工具键接受 `provider`(例如 `google-antigravity`)或 `provider/model`(例如 `openai/gpt-5.2`)。
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### 工具组(简写)
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工具策略(全局、智能体、沙箱)支持 `group:*` 条目,可扩展为多个具体工具:
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- `group:runtime`:`exec`、`bash`、`process`
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- `group:fs`:`read`、`write`、`edit`、`apply_patch`
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- `group:sessions`:`sessions_list`、`sessions_history`、`sessions_send`、`sessions_spawn`、`session_status`
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- `group:memory`:`memory_search`、`memory_get`
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- `group:ui`:`browser`、`canvas`
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- `group:automation`:`cron`、`gateway`
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- `group:messaging`:`message`
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- `group:nodes`:`nodes`
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- `group:openclaw`:所有内置 OpenClaw 工具(不包括提供商插件)
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### 提权模式
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`tools.elevated` 是全局基线(基于发送者的允许列表)。`agents.list[].tools.elevated` 可以为特定智能体进一步限制提权(两者都必须允许)。
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缓解模式:
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- 为不受信任的智能体拒绝 `exec`(`agents.list[].tools.deny: ["exec"]`)
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- 避免将发送者加入允许列表后路由到受限智能体
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- 如果你只想要沙箱隔离执行,全局禁用提权(`tools.elevated.enabled: false`)
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- 为敏感配置文件按智能体禁用提权(`agents.list[].tools.elevated.enabled: false`)
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---
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## 从单智能体迁移
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**之前(单智能体):**
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```json
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{
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"agents": {
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"defaults": {
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"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace",
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"sandbox": {
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"mode": "non-main"
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}
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}
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},
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"tools": {
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"sandbox": {
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"tools": {
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"allow": ["read", "write", "apply_patch", "exec"],
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"deny": []
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**之后(具有不同配置文件的多智能体):**
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```json
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{
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"agents": {
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"list": [
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{
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"id": "main",
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"default": true,
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"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace",
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"sandbox": { "mode": "off" }
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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旧版 `agent.*` 配置由 `openclaw doctor` 迁移;今后请优先使用 `agents.defaults` + `agents.list`。
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---
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## 工具限制示例
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### 只读智能体
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```json
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{
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"tools": {
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"allow": ["read"],
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"deny": ["exec", "write", "edit", "apply_patch", "process"]
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}
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}
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```
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### 安全执行智能体(无文件修改)
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```json
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{
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"tools": {
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"allow": ["read", "exec", "process"],
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"deny": ["write", "edit", "apply_patch", "browser", "gateway"]
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}
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}
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```
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### 仅通信智能体
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```json
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{
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"tools": {
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"allow": ["sessions_list", "sessions_send", "sessions_history", "session_status"],
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"deny": ["exec", "write", "edit", "apply_patch", "read", "browser"]
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 常见陷阱:"non-main"
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`agents.defaults.sandbox.mode: "non-main"` 基于 `session.mainKey`(默认 `"main"`),
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而不是智能体 id。群组/渠道会话始终获得自己的键,因此它们
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被视为非 main 并将被沙箱隔离。如果你希望智能体永不
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沙箱隔离,请设置 `agents.list[].sandbox.mode: "off"`。
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---
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## 测试
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配置多智能体沙箱和工具后:
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1. **检查智能体解析:**
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```exec
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openclaw agents list --bindings
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```
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2. **验证沙箱容器:**
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```exec
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docker ps --filter "name=openclaw-sbx-"
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```
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3. **测试工具限制:**
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- 发送需要受限工具的消息
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- 验证智能体无法使用被拒绝的工具
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4. **监控日志:**
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```exec
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tail -f "${OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR:-$HOME/.openclaw}/logs/gateway.log" | grep -E "routing|sandbox|tools"
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```
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---
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## 故障排除
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### 尽管设置了 `mode: "all"` 但智能体未被沙箱隔离
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- 检查是否有全局 `agents.defaults.sandbox.mode` 覆盖它
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- 智能体特定配置优先,因此设置 `agents.list[].sandbox.mode: "all"`
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### 尽管有拒绝列表但工具仍然可用
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- 检查工具过滤顺序:全局 → 智能体 → 沙箱 → 子智能体
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- 每个级别只能进一步限制,不能恢复
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- 通过日志验证:`[tools] filtering tools for agent:${agentId}`
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### 容器未按智能体隔离
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- 在智能体特定沙箱配置中设置 `scope: "agent"`
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- 默认是 `"session"`,每个会话创建一个容器
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---
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## 另请参阅
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- [多智能体路由](/concepts/multi-agent)
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- [沙箱配置](/gateway/configuration#agentsdefaults-sandbox)
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- [会话管理](/concepts/session)
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